{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:10:39Z","timestamp":1783926639207,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006579","name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NJ2024027-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ2024027-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004193","name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NJ2024027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJ2024027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T18:49:35Z","timestamp":1783709375000},"page":"115677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P5","title":["Deep learning-based classification of resident space objects with non-periodic light curves"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Hanxue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9142-5036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib1","series-title":"Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS)","article-title":"Light curve analysis of deep space objects in complex rotation states","author":"Abercrombie","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40295-024-00464-5","article-title":"Physics-guided machine learning for satellite spin property estimation from light curves","volume":"71","author":"Badura","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Astronaut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib3","series-title":"Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance (AMOS) Technologies Conference","article-title":"Object characteristic determination using brightness measurements","author":"Balster","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2024.09.008","article-title":"Light curve attitude estimation using particle swarm optimizers","volume":"74","author":"Burton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib4","series-title":"8th European Conference on Space Debris","article-title":"Two methods for light curve inversion for space object attitude determination","author":"Burton","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib6","series-title":"Stardust Final Conference","first-page":"181","article-title":"The puzzling case of the deep-space debris WT1190F: a test bed for advanced SSA techniques","author":"Buzzoni","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ad62fd","article-title":"Identifying light-curve signals with a deep-learning-based object detection algorithm. II. A general light-curve classification framework","volume":"274","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"ApJS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib8","first-page":"23","article-title":"Identify light-curve signals with deep learning based object detection algorithm","volume":"163","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"I. Transit Detection. AJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib9","series-title":"AIAA\/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, AIAA SPACE Forum","article-title":"A light curve simulation of the apollo lunar ascent module","author":"Fan","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2020.01.038","article-title":"Space debris observations with the Slovak AGO70 telescope: astrometry and light curves","volume":"65","author":"\u0160ilha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib30","series-title":"Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Space Debris, Darmstadt, Germany","first-page":"20","article-title":"Light curves application to space debris characterization and classification","author":"\u0160ilha","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2024.10.034","article-title":"Attitude motion classification of resident space objects using light curve spectral analysis","volume":"75","author":"Isoletta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib11","series-title":"Small-Satellite Mission Failure Rates","author":"Jacklin","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib12","first-page":"91","article-title":"Mini-Mega-TORTORA wide-field monitoring system with sub-second temporal resolution: first year of operation","volume":"48","author":"Karpov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrof\u00edsica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2020.01.034","article-title":"Small satellites an overview and assessment","volume":"170","author":"Kopacz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib14","author":"Kosma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib15","author":"Kyselica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib16","author":"Kyselica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2024.06.028","article-title":"Improving the knowledge of the orbital population new technical means of space debris monitoring","volume":"223","author":"Letizia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s40295-019-00208-w","article-title":"Space objects classification via light-curve measurements using deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"67","author":"Linares","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Astronaut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2514\/1.62986","article-title":"Space object shape characterization and tracking using light curve and angles data","volume":"37","author":"Linares","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Guid. Control Dynam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2514\/1.G002296","article-title":"Space-object shape inversion via adaptive hamiltonian markov chain monte carlo","volume":"41","author":"Linares","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Guid. Control Dynam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2021.05.008","article-title":"Photometric space object classification via deep learning algorithms","volume":"185","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib22","series-title":"AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum","first-page":"2004","article-title":"Space traffic management with a NASA UAS traffic management (UTM) inspired architecture","author":"Murakami","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6539","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146539","article-title":"Classification of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Resident Space Objects' (RSO) light curves using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and long short-term memory (LSTM)","volume":"23","author":"Qashoa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib24","series-title":"73 Rd International Astronautical Congress(Iac), Paris, France","article-title":"An advanced tool to determine the apparent rotation period of a space object from a fusion of measurements","author":"Quint","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib25","series-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd AIAA\/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference","first-page":"1","article-title":"Light curve inversion for reliable shape reconstruction of human-made space objects","author":"Robinson","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/141361","article-title":"On the light variations of asteroids and satellites","volume":"24","author":"Russell","year":"1906","journal-title":"Astrophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00159-006-0003-9","article-title":"Optical surveys for space debris","volume":"14","author":"Schildknecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Astron. Astrophys. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib28","author":"Shukla"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib31","series-title":"Proceedings of the 74th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Baku, Azerbaijan","first-page":"2","article-title":"Resident space object classification from light curves with deep learning","author":"Simon","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.34133\/hds.0456","article-title":"A review of deep learning methods for irregularly sampled medical time series data","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Health Data Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2022.11.027","article-title":"The adaptive Gaussian mixtures unscented Kalman filter for attitude determination using light curves","volume":"71","author":"Vallverd\u00fa Cabrera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib34","article-title":"Research advancements in key technologies for space-based situational awareness","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Space: Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chinastron.2021.05.005","article-title":"The basic shape classification of space debris with light curves","volume":"45","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Astron. Astrophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677_bib36","article-title":"A survey on machine learning based light curve analysis for variable astronomical sources","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"WIREs Data Min. Knowl. Discovery"}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626019615?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626019615?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:47:13Z","timestamp":1783925233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952197626019615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0952197626019615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deep learning-based classification of resident space objects with non-periodic light curves","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115677","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115677"}}