{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T20:24:29Z","timestamp":1776198269772,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Entertainment Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:16:59Z","timestamp":1774714619000},"page":"101122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The impact of video game use of dark patterns and random reward mechanisms on the youth: A systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-6469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Arnedo-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joan J. Pons","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-8784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoni","family":"Baena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9290-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b1","series-title":"State of gaming report 2024","author":"Dentsu Gaming","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b2","series-title":"Microtransactions make up 88% ($92.6 billion) of digital game spending. TweakTown","author":"Strickland","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02108614","article-title":"Prevalence of pathological gambling and associated problems in individuals who visit non-gambling video arcades","volume":"11","author":"Ladouceur","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2020.1768430","article-title":"Gaming-gambling convergence: Evaluating evidence for the \u2018gateway\u2019hypothesis","volume":"20","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108087","article-title":"A conceptual framework for understanding and identifying gamblified experiences","volume":"152","author":"Macey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9153-9","article-title":"The convergence of gambling and digital media: Implications for gambling in young people","volume":"26","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b7","series-title":"Foundations of Digital Games 2013","article-title":"Dark patterns in the design of games","author":"Zagal","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b8","first-page":"9","article-title":"7. American psychiatric association (2013) diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","volume":"vol. 21","author":"Shah","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9698-y","article-title":"Validation of the short gambling harm screen (SGHS): A tool for assessment of harms from gambling","volume":"34","author":"Browne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b10","series-title":"Measuring gambling-related harms","author":"Wardle","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b11","series-title":"A holistic framework of gambling harms and recovery, derived from a rapid evidence assessment and qualitative interviews with people who gamble and affected others.","author":"Collard","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","article-title":"Understanding gambling related harm: A proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms","volume":"16","author":"Langham","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.03.018","article-title":"Moving on from responsible gambling: a new discourse is needed to prevent and minimise harm from gambling","volume":"184","author":"Livingstone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106898","article-title":"Harm severity in internet gaming disorder and problem gambling: A comparative study","volume":"124","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106071","article-title":"Psychosocial risk factors in disordered gambling: A descriptive systematic overview of vulnerable populations","volume":"99","author":"Sharman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221083903","article-title":"Gamblification: A definition","volume":"26","author":"Macey","year":"2024","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.04.009","article-title":"Associations between loot box use, problematic gaming and gambling, and gambling-related cognitions","volume":"96","author":"Brooks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9138-8","article-title":"Is video-game playing a risk factor for pathological gambling in Australian adolescents?","volume":"25","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17816-3","article-title":"The association between health-related quality of life and problem gambling severity: a cross-sectional analysis of the Health Survey for England","volume":"24","author":"Moore","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2025.108436","article-title":"Effectiveness of preventive gambling interventions in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"170","author":"Talebi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107219","article-title":"The relationship between videogame micro-transactions and problem gaming and gambling: A systematic review","volume":"131","author":"Gibson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b22","article-title":"The role of microtransactions in internet gaming disorder and gambling disorder: A preregistered systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Raneri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict. Behav. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b23","first-page":"132","article-title":"Loot boxes, problem gambling, and problem gaming: a critical review of the emerging literature","volume":"52","author":"McCaffrey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211027175","article-title":"Loot boxes, problem gambling and problem video gaming: A systematic review and meta-synthesis","volume":"24","author":"Spicer","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3390\/psychiatryint4020014","article-title":"Rolling the dice: A comprehensive review of the new forms of gambling and psychological clinical recommendations","volume":"4","author":"Casu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatry Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13713","article-title":"Annual Research Review: Emergence of problem gambling from childhood to emerging adulthood: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Richard","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.10","article-title":"La adicci\u00f3n a los videojuegos en el DSM-5","volume":"26","author":"Carbonell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12784.1","article-title":"An overview of gambling disorder: from treatment approaches to risk factors","volume":"7","author":"Menchon","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S83460","article-title":"A review of gambling disorder and substance use disorders","author":"Rash","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst. Abus. Rehabil."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15411","article-title":"Expert appraisal of criteria for assessing gaming disorder: An international delphi study","volume":"116","author":"Castro-Calvo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.11.050","article-title":"Spanish validation of the internet gaming disorder-20 (IGD-20) test","volume":"56","author":"Fuster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13754","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Paulus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b33","first-page":"211","article-title":"El diagn\u00f3stico de adicci\u00f3n a videojuegos en el DSM-5 y la CIE-11: Retos y oportunidades para cl\u00ednicos","volume":"41","author":"Carbonell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Papeles Del Psic\u00f3logo"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01534-6","article-title":"ICD-11: an international classification of diseases for the twenty-first century","volume":"21","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/57304","article-title":"The mediating role of problematic use of loot boxes between internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder: cross-sectional analytical study","volume":"12","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabrera","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206767","article-title":"Video game loot boxes are linked to problem gambling: Results of a large-scale survey","volume":"13","author":"Zendle","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e950","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00167-1","article-title":"The lancet public health commission on gambling","volume":"9","author":"Wardle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0393-9","article-title":"Impulsivity in gambling disorder and problem gambling: A meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-1971(03)00013-7","article-title":"The social determinants of youth gambling in South Australian adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13243-4","article-title":"Benchmarking gambling screens to health-state utility: the PGSI and the SGHS estimate similar levels of population gambling-harm","volume":"22","author":"Browne","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b41","first-page":"2","article-title":"Dark patterns: Deception vs. honesty in UI design","volume":"338","author":"Brignull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Interact. Des. Usability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b42","series-title":"Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","first-page":"114","article-title":"Unveiling the tricks: Automated detection of dark patterns in mobile applications","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09913-5","article-title":"Rare loot box rewards trigger larger arousal and reward responses, and greater urge to open more loot boxes","volume":"37","author":"Larche","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107605","article-title":"The gamblers of the future? Migration from loot boxes to gambling in a longitudinal study of young adults","volume":"141","author":"Brooks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Aagaard, M.E.C. Knudsen, P. B\u00e6kgaard, K. Doherty, A game of dark patterns: Designing healthy, highly-engaging mobile games, in: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts, 2022, pp. 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1145\/3491101.3519837"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2008.22.6","article-title":"All in! The commercial advertising of offshore gambling on television","volume":"22","author":"McMullan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Issues"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-023-10275-2","article-title":"\u2018I can tell you it\u2019sa bit of a gamble\u2019: A qualitative analysis of how people who engage in gaming and gambling understand a link between these two behaviours","volume":"40","author":"Wieczorek","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b48","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003","article-title":"Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b50","article-title":"AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both","volume":"358","author":"Shea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b52","series-title":"Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies","author":"NHLBI","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1046878118819677","article-title":"Long-term effects of in-game purchases and event game mechanics on young mobile social game players in Japan","volume":"50","author":"Shibuya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Simul. Gaming"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b54","first-page":"156","article-title":"Gambling and video game playing among youth","volume":"34","author":"McBride","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.11.027","article-title":"Investigating relationships between video gaming, spectating esports, and gambling","volume":"80","author":"Macey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2020.1803461","article-title":"Risk factors of problem gaming and gambling in US emerging adult non-students: The role of loot boxes, microtransactions, and risk-taking","volume":"41","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"Issues Ment. Health Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00007","article-title":"Young people who purchase loot boxes are more likely to have gambling problems: An online survey of adolescents and young adults living in NSW Australia","volume":"10","author":"Rockloff","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0299","article-title":"Loot boxes, gambling, and problem gambling among young people: Results from a cross-sectional online survey","volume":"24","author":"Wardle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.107012","article-title":"Loot boxes in Spanish adolescents and young adults: Relationship with internet gaming disorder and online gambling disorder","volume":"126","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabrera","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.940281","article-title":"Prediction of problem gambling by demographics, gaming behavior and psychological correlates among gacha gamers: A cross-sectional online survey in Chinese young adults","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263567","article-title":"What\u2019s in the box? Exploring UK players\u2019 experiences of loot boxes in games; the conceptualisation and parallels with gambling","volume":"17","author":"Hodge","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b62","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Online game speculative experiences and problem gambling among adolescents in South Korea: Dual mediation effects of irrational beliefs and gambling attitude","volume":"vol. 11","author":"Lee","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790802652217","article-title":"Negative public attitudes towards gambling: Findings from the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey using a new attitude scale","volume":"9","author":"Orford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Gambl. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.10.018","article-title":"Clinical validation of the C-VAT 2.0 assessment tool for gaming disorder: A sensitivity analysis of the proposed DSM-5 criteria and the clinical characteristics of young patients with \u2018video game addiction\u2019","volume":"64","author":"Van Rooij","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.755503","article-title":"The mental health status and associated factors among medical students engaged in online learning at home during the pandemic: a cross-sectional study from China","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500000334","article-title":"Domain-specific risk-taking scale","author":"Blais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Judgm. Decis. Mak."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.8.1228","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-IV)","volume":"152","author":"Guze","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009437115789","article-title":"Developing the DSM-IV-DSM-IV criteria to identify adolescent problem gambling in non-clinical populations","volume":"16","author":"Fisher","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1977.tb01003.x","article-title":"The place of impulsiveness in a dimensional system of personality description","volume":"16","author":"Eysenck","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-008-9169-x","article-title":"Internet gambling behavior in a sample of online gamblers","volume":"7","author":"McBride","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addict."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260802669458","article-title":"Development and validation of a game addiction scale for adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Lemmens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Media Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00753.x","article-title":"The Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS): Development, confirmatory factor validation and psychometric properties","volume":"99","author":"Raylu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b73","series-title":"Canadian Adolescent Gambling Inventory (CAGI) Phase III Final Report","author":"Tremblay","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2015.0605","article-title":"Portuguese validation of the internet gaming disorder scale\u2013short-form","volume":"19","author":"Pontes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b75","first-page":"651","article-title":"Development of internet game speculative experience scale","volume":"25","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Health Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00052-5","article-title":"Chasing\u2019in gambling behavior: Personality and cognitive determinants","volume":"27","author":"Breen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Differ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010120","article-title":"Design and measurement properties of the Online Gambling Disorder Questionnaire (OGD-Q) in Spanish adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b78","series-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index","author":"Ferris","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9221-1","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the problem gambling severity index-Chinese version (PGSI-C)","volume":"27","author":"Loo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gambl. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","article-title":"Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential","volume":"25","author":"Bradley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b81","article-title":"South oaks gambling screen\u2013revised for adolescents","author":"Winters","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol. Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b82","series-title":"National strategy to reduce gambling harms","author":"Commission","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.02.007","article-title":"The relationship between age of gambling onset and adolescent problematic gambling severity","volume":"46","author":"Rahman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"10361","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122_b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01470-2","article-title":"The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health","volume":"400","author":"Thornicroft","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Entertainment Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875952126000443?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875952126000443?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T19:27:13Z","timestamp":1776194833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875952126000443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S1875952126000443"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9521","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of video game use of dark patterns and random reward mechanisms on the youth: A systematic literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Entertainment Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101122","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101122"}}