{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T20:24:26Z","timestamp":1776198266086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP200100723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP200100723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Entertainment Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T15:39:19Z","timestamp":1775057959000},"page":"101124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding young Children\u2019s physical activity levels with digital toys: lessons for the design and evaluation of tangible interactions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yuehao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia Pe\u00f1aloza","family":"Caicedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alethea","family":"Blackler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dannielle","family":"Tarlinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Vickery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Ploderer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2021.100392","article-title":"Supporting collective physical activities by interactive floor projection in a special-needs school setting","volume":"32","author":"Oki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Child-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0030","unstructured":"Australian Government. (2021). Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Infants, Toddlers and Pre-schoolers (Birth to 5 Years). https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/health-topics\/physical-activity-and-exercise\/physical-activity- and-exercise-guidelines-for-all-australians\/for-infants-toddlers-and-preschoolers-birth-to-5-years."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2023.101319","article-title":"Young children and screen-based media: the impact on cognitive and socioemotional development and the importance of parental mediation","volume":"66","author":"Swider-Cios","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cogn. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0155","series-title":"Promoting Physical Development and Activity in Early Childhood: Practical Ideas for Early Years Settings","author":"Musgrave","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2021.100323","article-title":"A systematic review of physical\u2013digital play technology and developmentally relevant child behaviour","volume":"30","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Child-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Vickery, N. E. M., Tarlinton, D., Ploderer, B., Knight, L., Blackler, A., & Wyeth, P. (2022). Exploring the Affordances of Digital Toys for Young Children\u2019s Active Play. Proceedings of the 34th Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 325\u2013337. DOI: 10.1145\/3572921.3572935.","DOI":"10.1145\/3572921.3572935"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vickery, N., Wang, Y., Tarlinton, D., Blackler, A., Ploderer, B., Wyeth, P., & Knight, L. (2021, November 30). Embodied Interaction Design for Active Play with Young Children: A Scoping Review. 33rd Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. OzCHI \u201921: 33rd Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Melbourne VIC Australia. DOI: 10.1145\/3520495.3522701.","DOI":"10.1145\/3520495.3522701"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Dwyer, J., Vickery, N., Ploderer, B., Tarlinton, D., & Blackler, A. (2023). Bee Buzz Buddy: An Interactive Digital Toy to Facilitate Tangible Embedded and Embodied Interactions for Young Children's Active Play. InProceedings of the International Conference 2023 of the Design Research Society Special Interest Group on Experiential Knowledge (EKSIG): From Abstractness to Concreteness-experiential knowledge and the role of prototypes in design research(pp. 83-102). Politecnico di Milano.","DOI":"10.21606\/eksig2023.105"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818807119","article-title":"Exploring the affordances of smart toys and connected play in practice","volume":"21","author":"Berriman","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Media Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0100","article-title":"Smart toys for preschool children: a design and development research","volume":"39","author":"Kara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electron. Comm. Res. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zielinski, S., Emmerich, J., & Schellenbach, M. (2018). Mobile App based Game Mechanics to Motivate Enhanced Physical Activity in Early Adolescense. Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts, 677\u2013682. DOI: 10.1145\/3270316.3271510.","DOI":"10.1145\/3270316.3271510"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bekker, T., & Sturm, J. (2009). Stimulating physical and social activity through open- ended play. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, 24, 309\u2013312. DOI: 10.1145\/1551788.1551869.","DOI":"10.1145\/1551788.1551869"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexander, S. A., Frohlich, K. L., & Fusco, C. (2018). Play, Physical Activity and Public Health: The Reframing of Children\u2019s Leisure Lives (1st ed.). Routledge. .","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315266985-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarlinton, D., Vickery, N. E. M., Wang, Y., Knight, L., & Blackler, A. (2022, November 29). Identifying Factors of Young Children\u2019s Engagement in Active Play to Inform the Design of TEIs. Proceedings of the 34th Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. OzCHI \u201922: 34th Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Canberra ACT Australia. DOI: 10.1145\/3572921.3576204.","DOI":"10.1145\/3572921.3576204"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matheis, M., & Estabillo, J. (2018). Assessment of Fine and Gross Motor Skills in Children (pp. 467\u2013484). DOI: 10.1007\/978-3-319-93542-3_25.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-93542-3_25"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1348\/026151007X185329","article-title":"Fine motor skills and mathematics achievement in East Asian American and European American kindergartners and first graders","volume":"25","author":"Luo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monsma, E. V., Miedema, S. T., Brian, A. S., & Williams, H. G. (2020). Assessment of Gross Motor Development in Preschool Children. In Psychoeducational Assessment of Preschool Children (5th ed.). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429054099-12"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01814.x","article-title":"The effect of social disadvantage on motor development in young children: a comparative study","volume":"48","author":"McPhillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0165","unstructured":"Pianta, R., Cox, M., & Snow, K. (2007). School Readiness and the Transition to Kindergarten in the Era of Accountability Edited by."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0185","series-title":"Learning Through Movement and Active Play in the Early Years: A Practical Resource for Professionals and Teachers","author":"Swift","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2021-0760","article-title":"Nature-based early childhood education and Children\u2019s physical activity, sedentary behavior, motor competence, and other physical health outcomes: a mixed-methods systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Johnstone","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. Activity Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1139\/h2012-070","article-title":"Systematic review of physical activity and health in the early years (aged 0\u20134years)","volume":"37","author":"Timmons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4364","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164364","article-title":"Machine learning models for classifying physical activity in free-living preschool children","volume":"20","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.2009.42-1","article-title":"Assessing Children\u2019s physical activity in their homes: the observational system for recording physical activity in children\u2010home","volume":"42","author":"McIver","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Behav. Anal."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/1836939119832744","article-title":"Digital technology use by and with young children: a systematic review for the Statement on Young Children and Digital Technologies","volume":"44","author":"Mantilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Austr. J. Early Childhood"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12562","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to young children\u2019s physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative literature","volume":"18","author":"Hesketh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obesity Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3098","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093098","article-title":"Preschoolers Build Fundamental Motor skills critical to an active Lifestyle: the all 4 Kids\u00a9 intervention Study","volume":"17","author":"Lindsay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0723-1","article-title":"Interventions to Promote Fundamental Movement skills in Childcare and Kindergarten: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"47","author":"Wick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0075","unstructured":"Goodway, J. (with Ozmun, J. C., & Gallahue, D. L.). (2021). Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (Eighth edition.). Jones & Bartlett Learning."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1080\/17482798.2017.1375216","article-title":"Media exposure during infancy and early childhood: the effects of content and context on learning and development","volume":"11","author":"Ramasubramanian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Child. Media"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0090","series-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"437","article-title":"Getting a grip on tangible interaction: a framework on physical space and social interaction","author":"Hornecker","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dourish, P. (2001). Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction (p. 256).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7221.001.0001"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0410-4","article-title":"Embodied metaphors in tangible interaction design","volume":"16","author":"Bakker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pers. Ubiquit. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2023.100577","article-title":"Design principles of interactive play systems for children\u2019s outdoor play: a designers\u2019 perspective","volume":"36","author":"Khalilollahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Child-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2023.100582","article-title":"Designing integrated physical\u2013digital systems for children\u2013nature interaction","volume":"36","author":"Caiola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Child-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0070","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lanterns: configuring a digital resource to inspire preschool children\u2019s free play outdoors","author":"Dylan","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0210","article-title":"Digital toys as tangible, embodied, embedded interactions","author":"Vickery","year":"2022","journal-title":"DRS Bienn. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0220","unstructured":"VTech Electronics, 3-in-1 Sports Centre. https:\/\/www.vtech.com.au\/product\/detail\/19764\/3_in_1_Sports_Centre_, 2023 (accessed 18 May 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0115","unstructured":"LeapFrog Enterprises, Inc, Learn & Groove Musical Mat. https:\/\/store.leapfrog.com\/en-us\/store\/p\/learn-groove-musical-mat\/_\/A-prod19310, 2023 (accessed 18 May 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0005","unstructured":"Anonymous, 2022. Details omitted for double-anonymised reviewing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0010","unstructured":"ActiGraph, LLC. ActiGraph. https:\/\/theactigraph.com\/, 2023 (accessed 18 May 2025)."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.10.008","article-title":"Methodological considerations in using accelerometers to assess habitual physical activity in children aged 0\u20135 years","volume":"12","author":"Cliff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0175","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Interaction Design and Children","first-page":"81","article-title":"Using the fun toolkit and other survey methods to gather opinions in child computer interaction","author":"Read","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Measure."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0015","unstructured":"ACT Government. (2019). Active Play | Health. https:\/\/www.act.gov.au\/directorates-and-agencies\/act-health\/health-promotion-and-grants\/kids-at-play-active-play."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopma, E., Bekker, T., & Sturm, J. (2009). Interactive Play Objects: The Influence of Multimodal Output on Open-Ended Play. In A. Nijholt, D. Reidsma, & H. Hondorp (Eds.), Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment (Vol. 9, pp. 78\u201389). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. DOI: 10.1007\/978-3-642-02315-6_8.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02315-6_8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tam, V., Gelsomini, M., & Garzotto, F. (2017). Polipo: A Tangible Toy for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, 11\u201320. DOI: 10.1145\/3024969.3025006.","DOI":"10.1145\/3024969.3025006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124_b0110","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children","first-page":"84","article-title":"Design strategy to stimulate a diversity of motor skills for an exergame addressed to children","author":"Landry","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Entertainment Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875952126000467?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1875952126000467?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T19:26:57Z","timestamp":1776194817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1875952126000467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1875952126000467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-9521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-9521","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding young Children\u2019s physical activity levels with digital toys: lessons for the design and evaluation of tangible interactions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Entertainment Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcom.2026.101124","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101124"}}