{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:00:10Z","timestamp":1770984010445,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Corporate and Forestry Support, Forestry Commission"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Modelling & Software"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T01:01:14Z","timestamp":1424394074000},"page":"27-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparison and validation of three versions of a forest wind risk model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Sophie E.","family":"Hale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Peace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Nicoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1663-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Pizzirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-010-0432-x","article-title":"How does silviculture affect storm damage in forests of south-west Germany? Results from empirical modeling based on long-term observations","volume":"131","author":"Albrecht","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-012-0244-x","article-title":"Storm damage of Douglas-fir unexpectedly high compared to Norway spruce","volume":"70","author":"Albrecht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2004.07.067","article-title":"Development of an individual tree-based mechanical model to predict wind damage within forest stands","volume":"203","author":"Ancelin","year":"2004","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib4","article-title":"Life-style services and forest yield under wind-damage risk adapted forest management \u2013 a simulation study","author":"Andersson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib5","series-title":"Forests for Scotland: the Scottish Forestry Strategy","author":"Anon","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib6","series-title":"The Scottish Forestry Strategy","author":"Anon","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib7","series-title":"Cowal and Trossachs Forestry Strategy","author":"Anon","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib8","series-title":"\u00c9valuation des facteurs de r\u00e9sistance au vent des peuplements de pin maritime apr\u00e8s la temp\u00eate Klaus \u00e0 l'aide des donn\u00e9es de l'inventaire forestie","author":"B\u00e9louard","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2012.09.011","article-title":"Characterising performance of environmental models","volume":"40","author":"Bennett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Modell. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib10","series-title":"The Growth and Mechanical Response of Trees to Wind Loading","author":"Blackburn","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpt032","article-title":"Understanding risk in forest ecosystem services: implications for effective risk management, communication and planning","volume":"87","author":"Blennow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2307\/2937142","article-title":"Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes","volume":"64","author":"Boose","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib13","series-title":"Critical Turning Moments and Drag Equations for British Columbia Conifers","author":"Byrne","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cps077","article-title":"Testing of WindFIRM\/ForestGALES_BC: a hybrid-mechanistic model for predicting windthrow in partially harvested stands","volume":"86","author":"Byrne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib15","series-title":"La for\u00eat face aux temp\u00eates","first-page":"177","article-title":"Facteurs de risques de chablis dans les peuplements forestiers : les le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es des temp\u00eates de 1999","author":"Colin","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib16","series-title":"The Designer's Guide to Wind Loading of Building Structures","author":"Cook","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib17","series-title":"Wind Profiles and Forests: Validation of Wind Resource Assessment Methodologies Including the Effects of Forests","author":"Crockford","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2005.03.019","article-title":"Modelling the windthrow risk for simulated forest stands of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)","volume":"213","author":"Cucchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-011-0102-2","article-title":"The use of terrestrial LiDAR technology in forest science: application fields, benefits and challenges","volume":"68","author":"Dassot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/we.155","article-title":"WAsP in the Forest","volume":"9","author":"Dellwik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib21","series-title":"ForestGALES \u2013 a PC-based Wind Risk Model for British Forests. User Guide","author":"Dunham","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib22","series-title":"Yield Models for Forest Management","author":"Edwards","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpr069","article-title":"Variable-top merchantable volume equations for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) in Northern Britain","volume":"85","author":"Fonweban","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpq043","article-title":"Taper functions for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) carr.) in Northern Britain","volume":"84","author":"Fonweban","year":"2011","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib25","series-title":"Operational Guidance Booklet No.32 'Production Forecasting' (Internal Guidance)","author":"Forestry Commission","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib26","series-title":"Operational Guidance Booklet No.9 'Thinning' (Internal Guidance)","author":"Forestry Commission","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib93","series-title":"NFI Forecasts Methodology Overview","author":"Forestry Commission","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib27","series-title":"Destructive Storms in European Forests: Past and Forthcoming Impacts","author":"Gardiner","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib28","series-title":"Living With Storm Damage to Forests: What Science Can Tell Us 3","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib29","series-title":"Living With\u00a0Storm Damage to Forests: What Science Can Tell Us 3","article-title":"Mitigation of forest damage","author":"Gardiner","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpn022","article-title":"A\u00a0review of mechanistic modelling of wind damage risk to forests","volume":"81","author":"Gardiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpi053","article-title":"The stability of different silvicultural systems: a wind-tunnel investigation","volume":"78","author":"Gardiner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(00)00220-9","article-title":"Comparison of two models for predicting the critical wind speeds required to damage coniferous trees","volume":"129","author":"Gardiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(00)00285-1","article-title":"Management of forests to reduce the risk of abiotic damage - a review with particular reference to the effects of strong winds","volume":"135","author":"Gardiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/70.3.233","article-title":"Field and wind tunnel assessments of the implications of respacing and thinning for tree stability","volume":"70","author":"Gardiner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib35","series-title":"ForestGALES 2 \u2013 a PC-based Wind Risk Model for British Forests. User Guide","author":"Gardiner","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(03)00313-X","article-title":"Trade-offs between seedling growth, thinning and stability in Sitka spruce stands and the implications for alternative silvicultural systems: a modelling analysis","volume":"187","author":"Hale","year":"2004","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-010-0448-2","article-title":"Wind loading of trees: influence of tree size and competition","volume":"131","author":"Hale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib38","series-title":"Living With Storm Damage to Forests: What Science Can Tell Us 3","article-title":"Influence of stand characteristics and landscape structure on wind damage","author":"Hanewinkel","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-010-0392-1","article-title":"Assessing natural hazards in forestry for risk management: a review","volume":"130","author":"Hanewinkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1139\/X08-070","article-title":"Seventy-seven years of natural disturbances in a mountain forest area \u2013 the influence of storm, snow, and insect damage analysed with a long-term time series","volume":"38","author":"Hanewinkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(02)00164-8","article-title":"Mapping from ASTER stereo image data: DEM validation and accuracy assessment","volume":"57","author":"Hirano","year":"2003","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib42","series-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib43","series-title":"Plant Disturbance Ecology: the Process and the Response","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpn029","article-title":"Developing a decision support approach to reduce wind damage risk \u2013 a case study on sugi [Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D.Don] forests in Japan","volume":"81","author":"Kamimura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.011","article-title":"Implementing storm damage in a dynamic vegetation model for regional applications in Sweden","volume":"247","author":"Lagergren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol. Model"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2005.05.032","article-title":"Portability of stand-level empirical windthrow risk models","volume":"216","author":"Lanquaye-Opoku","year":"2005","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib47","series-title":"The Strength Properties of Timbers","author":"Lavers","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2006.02.002","article-title":"Computer simulation of atmospheric flows over real forests for wind energy resource evaluation","volume":"94","author":"Lopes da Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/75.4.347","article-title":"Are irregular stands more windfirm?","volume":"75","author":"Mason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1127(95)03618-0","article-title":"Silivcultural possibilities for increasing structural diversity in British spruce forests: the case of Kielder forest","volume":"79","author":"Mason","year":"1995","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib51","series-title":"\u201cStormfald\u201d : a Further Developed Version of ForestGALES Tested under Danish Conditions","author":"Mikklesen","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib52","series-title":"Windthrow Hazard Classification, Forestry Commission Leaflet 85","author":"Miller","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(00)00302-9","article-title":"Stem growth responses in Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce following thinning: implications for assessing windfirmness","volume":"135","author":"Mitchell","year":"2000","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib54","first-page":"25","article-title":"Assessing the risk of wind damage to plantation forests in New Zealand","volume":"31","author":"Moore","year":"1998","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Z. For."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/14.1.49","article-title":"Shape of tree stems: a re-examination of the uniform stress hypothesis","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib56","series-title":"Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP)","author":"Mortensen","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpn021","article-title":"Improvements in anchorage provided by the acclimation of forest trees to wind stress","volume":"81","author":"Nicoll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1139\/x06-072","article-title":"Anchorage of coniferous trees in relation to species, soil type, and rooting depth","volume":"36","author":"Nicoll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/16.11-12.891","article-title":"Adaptive growth of tree root systems in response to wind action and site conditions","volume":"11","author":"Nicoll","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib60","series-title":"Wind and Its Effects on (Canterbury) Forests","author":"Papesch","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1139\/x99-029","article-title":"A\u00a0mechanistic model for assessing the risk of wind and snow damage to single trees and stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce and birch","volume":"29","author":"Peltola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib62","series-title":"Windthrow in Forests \u2013 Its Causes and The Effect of Forestry Measures","author":"Persson","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib63","series-title":"An Improved Understanding of Windthrow \u2013 Moving From Hazard Towards Risk","author":"Quine","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib64","series-title":"Wind and Trees","first-page":"379","article-title":"Assessing the risk of wind damage to forests: practice and pitfalls","author":"Quine","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/73.3.247","article-title":"Estimation of mean wind climate and probability of strong winds for wind risk assessment","volume":"73","author":"Quine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/71.2.87-a","article-title":"Monitoring of windthrow occurrence and progression in spruce forests in Britain","volume":"71","author":"Quine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib67","series-title":"Plant Disturbance Ecology: the Process and the Response","first-page":"103","article-title":"Understanding how the interaction of wind and trees results in windthrow, stem breakage and canopy gap formation","author":"Quine","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib68","series-title":"Revised Windiness Scores for the Windthrow Hazard Classification: the Revised Scoring Method","author":"Quine","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00709229","article-title":"Simplified expressions for vegetation roughness length and zero-plane displacement as functions of canopy height and area index","volume":"71","author":"Raupach","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bound Layer Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib70","article-title":"Comparing the provision of ecosystem services in plantation forests under alternative climate change adaptation management options in Wales","author":"Ray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib71","series-title":"ESC-DSS Default Soil Nutrient Regimes (SNR) and Soil Moisture Regimes (SMR) Associated with the Forestry Commission Soil Classification","author":"Ray","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib72","first-page":"200","article-title":"Wood degradation after windthrow in a northern environment","volume":"60","author":"Ruel","year":"2010","journal-title":"For. Prod. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1139\/x03-178","article-title":"Changes in root morphology after precommercial thinning in balsam fir stands","volume":"33","author":"Ruel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.5558\/tfc76329-2","article-title":"Estimating windthrow risk in balsam fir stands with the ForestGALES model","volume":"76","author":"Ruel","year":"2000","journal-title":"For. Chron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-010-9243-0","article-title":"Assessing risk and adaptation options to fires and windstorms in European forestry","volume":"15","author":"Schelhaas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mitt. Adapt. Strat. Glob. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2003.00684.x","article-title":"Natural disturbances in the European forests in the 19th and 20th centuries","volume":"9","author":"Schelhaas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1139\/X10-099","article-title":"An inventory-based approach for modeling single tree storm damage-experiences with the winter storm 1999 in southwestern Germany","volume":"40","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-8-795-2008","article-title":"Storm damage in the Black forest caused by the winter storm \u201cLothar\u201d \u2013 part 1: airborne damage assessment","volume":"8","author":"Schmoeckel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-006-0111-0","article-title":"Vulnerability of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Facus sylvatica) forest stands to storms and consequences for silviculture","volume":"125","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2013.09.018","article-title":"Simulating wind disturbance impacts on forest landscapes: tree-level heterogeneity matters","volume":"51","author":"Seidl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Modell. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2011.02452.x","article-title":"Unraveling the drivers of intensifying forest disturbance regimes in Europe","volume":"17","author":"Seidl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib82","first-page":"165","article-title":"The estimation of wind risk in forests stands using airborne laser scanning","volume":"13","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0For. Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib83","series-title":"An Analysis of the Consequences of Stand Variability in Sitka Spruce Plantations in Britain Using a Combination of Airborne LiDAR Analysis and Models","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib84","series-title":"The Validation of ForestGALES","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1017\/S1350482799001267","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of three methods for predicting wind speeds in complex forested terrain","volume":"6","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Meteorol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib86","series-title":"European Wind Atlas","author":"Troen","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib87","series-title":"Land Surface Stations Data (1900-2000)","author":"UK Met Office","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-011-0526-5","article-title":"Relating remotely sensed forest damage data to wind data: storms Lothar (1999) and Vivian (1990) in Switzerland","volume":"108","author":"Usbeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2009.08.010","article-title":"Increasing storm damage to forests in Switzerland from 1858 to 2007","volume":"150","author":"Usbeck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.04.004","article-title":"Factors affecting the probability of windthrow at stand level as a result of Gudrun winter storm in southern Sweden","volume":"262","author":"Valinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpt046","article-title":"Storm and snow damage in a Norway spruce thinning experiment in southern Sweden","volume":"87","author":"Wallentin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forestry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016_bib92","series-title":"The Stability of Continuous Cover Forests","author":"Wellpott","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Environmental Modelling & Software"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S136481521500047X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S136481521500047X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T20:56:04Z","timestamp":1537822564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S136481521500047X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["S136481521500047X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8152"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8152","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison and validation of three versions of a forest wind risk model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Modelling & Software","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.01.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}