{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T23:24:56Z","timestamp":1772753096160,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol\u00f3gicas do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Modelling &amp; Software"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T02:39:36Z","timestamp":1602729576000},"page":"104896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimal sensor placement for contamination detection: A multi-objective and probabilistic approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8937-6332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Maria","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3664-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Bezerra","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5765-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Brentan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lubienska","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2005.tb10803.x","article-title":"Modeling intentional distribution system contamination and detection","volume":"97","author":"Allmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Water Works Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib2","first-page":"156","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in Pareto optimal design","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Andersson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib3","series-title":"k-means++: the Advantages of Careful Seeding","author":"Arthur","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib4","article-title":"Consolida\u00e7\u00e3o das normas sobre as a\u00e7\u00f5es e os servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade do Sistema \u00danico de Sa\u00fade","volume":"190","author":"BRASIL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Di\u00e1rio Oficial [da] Uni\u00e3o"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.2166\/hydro.2015.146","article-title":"A flexible methodology to sectorize water supply networks based on social network theory concepts and multi-objective optimization","volume":"18","author":"Campbell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hydroinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.29007\/vk44","article-title":"Multi-objective and multi-criteria analysis for optimal pump scheduling in water systems","volume":"3","author":"Carpitella","year":"2018","journal-title":"EPiC Series in Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib7","first-page":"51","article-title":"A method for selecting Pareto optimal solutions in multiobjective optimization","volume":"2","author":"Cheikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Informatics and Mathematical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2011.11.057","article-title":"Comparison of multi-objective optimization methodologies for engineering applications","volume":"63","author":"Chiandussi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849\u2014","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","article-title":"A fast and elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II","volume":"6","author":"Deb","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib10","series-title":"12th Annual Conference on Water Distribution Systems","first-page":"338","article-title":"Optimization of contaminant sensor placement in water distribution networks: multi-objective approach","author":"Ehsani","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.02.066","article-title":"Sensor placement in water distribution systems using the S-PLACE Toolkit","volume":"70","author":"Eliades","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001210","article-title":"Topological placement of quality sensors in water-distribution networks without the recourse to hydraulic modeling","volume":"146","author":"Giudicianni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Water Resour. Plann. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000081","article-title":"Review of sensor placement strategies for contamination warning systems in drinking water distribution systems","volume":"136","author":"Hart","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Water Resour. Plann. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.06.041","article-title":"An efficient multi-objective optimization method for water quality sensor placement within water distribution systems considering contamination probability variations","volume":"143","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib15","volume":"vol 344","author":"Kaufman","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:1(4)","article-title":"Optimal locations of monitoring stations in water distribution system","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1991.tb07180.x","article-title":"Locating monitoring stations in water distribution systems","volume":"83","author":"Lee","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. AWWA (Am. Water Works Assoc.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2019.08.001","article-title":"Optimal sensor placement for leak localization in water distribution networks based on a novel semi-supervised strategy","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Process Contr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-011-0364-9","article-title":"Optimal locations of monitoring stations in water distribution systems under multiple demand patterns: a flaw of demand coverage method and modification","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib20","article-title":"Trunk network rehabilitation for resilience improvement and energy recovery in water distribution networks","volume":"10","author":"Meirelles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water (Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib21","series-title":"Proc. Int. Symp. Switching Theory","first-page":"285","article-title":"The shortest path through a maze","author":"Moore","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2017.12.028","article-title":"A risk-based multi-objective model for optimal placement of sensors in water distribution system","volume":"557","author":"Naserizade","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.01.024","article-title":"Optimal sensor placement for detecting organophosphate intrusions into water distribution systems","volume":"73","author":"Ohar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2015.11.013","article-title":"Environmental Modelling and Software Spatial event classification using simulated water quality data","volume":"77","author":"Oliker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9496(2008)134:6(556)","article-title":"The Battle of the water sensor networks (BWSN): a design challenge for engineers and algorithms","volume":"134","author":"Ostfeld","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Water Resour. Plann. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2015.12.022","article-title":"Sensor network design for contaminant detection and identification in water distribution networks","volume":"87","author":"Palleti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib27","series-title":"2019 4th Conference on Control and Fault Tolerant Systems (SysTol)","first-page":"129","article-title":"Multi-objective sensor placement for leakage detection and localization in water distribution networks","author":"Qui\u00f1ones-Grueiro","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.11.175","article-title":"Sensor placement methods for contamination detection in water distribution networks: a review","volume":"89","author":"Rathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1080\/1573062X.2015.1080736","article-title":"Optimal sensor locations for contamination detection in pressure-deficient water distribution networks using genetic algorithm","volume":"14","author":"Rathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urban Water J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2015.077","article-title":"A review of sensor placement objective metrics for contamination detection in water distribution networks","volume":"15","author":"Rathi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib31","series-title":"World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2015","first-page":"745","article-title":"Ga based multi-objective sensor placement approach for contamination detection in water distribution networks","author":"Rathi","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib32","series-title":"Epanet 2: Users Manual","author":"Rossman","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib33","series-title":"Optimal Sensor Placement in Water Distribution Systems for Injection of Chlorpyrifos. World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014s Water without Borders","first-page":"485","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib34","series-title":"Epanet Multi-Species Extension User's Manual","author":"Shang","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-017-1888-y","article-title":"Joint entropy based multi-objective evolutionary optimization of water distribution networks","volume":"32","author":"Tanyimboh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001150","article-title":"Efficient technique for pipe roughness calibration and sensor placement for water distribution systems","volume":"146","author":"W\u00e9ber","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Water Resour. Plann. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001181","article-title":"Strategic importance and safety of water resources","volume":"143","author":"Zolghadr-Asli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Irrigat. Drain. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.09.078","article-title":"Detection of contaminants in water supply : a review on state-of-the-art monitoring technologies and their applications","volume":"255","author":"Zulkifli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensor. Actuator. B Chem."}],"container-title":["Environmental Modelling &amp; Software"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1364815220309531?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1364815220309531?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T23:04:11Z","timestamp":1761260651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1364815220309531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S1364815220309531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8152"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8152","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimal sensor placement for contamination detection: A multi-objective and probabilistic approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Modelling & Software","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envsoft.2020.104896","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104896"}}