{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:47:59Z","timestamp":1774540079634,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T10:46:19Z","timestamp":1767609979000},"page":"131024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A Q-learning-driven evolutionary algorithm for energy-aware flexible job shop scheduling with preventive maintenance and finite AGVs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"307","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7441-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianhua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5841-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunlin","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0005","article-title":"A feedback learning-based memetic algorithm for energy-aware distributed flexible job-shop scheduling with transportation constraints","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2016.12.001","article-title":"Minimizing total carbon footprint and total late work criterion in flexible job shop scheduling by using an improved multi-objective genetic algorithm","volume":"128","author":"Piroozfard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.106032","article-title":"An improved Jaya algorithm for solving the flexible job shop scheduling problem with transportation and setup times","volume":"200","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2025.03.013","article-title":"An enhanced memetic algorithm for energy-efficient and low-carbon flexible job shop scheduling problem considering machine restart","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.106177","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization based on decomposition for flexible job shop scheduling under time-of-use electricity prices","volume":"204","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107430","article-title":"A non-dominated ensemble fitness ranking algorithm for multi-objective flexible job-shop scheduling problem considering worker flexibility and green factors","volume":"231","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120891","article-title":"A hybrid evolutionary immune algorithm for fuzzy flexible job shop scheduling problem with variable processing speeds","volume":"233","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19397038.2025.2507916","article-title":"Solving multi-objective green flexible job-shop scheduling problem considering operation sequence flexibility","volume":"18","author":"Almasarwah","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Chen Q. Optimization of flexible job shop scheduling driven by renewable energy based on deep learning. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Engineering. 2024: 293-297.","DOI":"10.1145\/3716895.3716948"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.107595","article-title":"A hierarchical integration scheduling method for flexible job shop with green lot splitting","volume":"129","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2025.02.002","article-title":"A Q-learning-based improved multi-objective genetic algorithm for solving distributed heterogeneous assembly flexible job shop scheduling problems with transfers","volume":"79","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4938","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2022.3211247","article-title":"Double-layer Q-learning-based joint decision-making of dual resource-constrained aircraft assembly scheduling and flexible preventive maintenance","volume":"58","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3030","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2022.2075292","article-title":"Joint optimisation of uncertain distributed manufacturing and preventive maintenance for semiconductor wafers considering multi-energy complementary","volume":"61","author":"Dong","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.521.707","article-title":"Flexible job-shop scheduling problem with maintenance activities considering energy consumption","volume":"521","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied Mechanics and Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0075","series-title":"2019 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Energy-efficient optimization of flexible job shop scheduling and preventive maintenance","author":"Mirahmadi","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.118869","article-title":"Bi-objective optimization approach for energy aware scheduling considering electricity cost and preventive maintenance using genetic algorithm","volume":"244","author":"Sin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3901\/JME.2021.10.220","article-title":"Energy saving optimization method of flexible job shop scheduling considering preventive maintenance","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.142660","article-title":"Multi-objective fuzzy green scheduling optimization method of special vehicle body-in-white prototype shop considering equipment preventive maintenance","volume":"462","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2019.04.006","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization for energy-efficient flexible job shop scheduling problem with transportation constraints","volume":"59","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2023.2175172","article-title":"Energy-efficient job shop scheduling problem with transport resources considering speed adjustable resources","volume":"62","author":"Fontes","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2024.101655","article-title":"A Q-learning-based biology migration algorithm for energy-saving flexible job shop scheduling with speed adjustable machines and transporters","volume":"90","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swarm and Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106864","article-title":"Multi-objective green scheduling of integrated flexible job shop and automated guided vehicles","volume":"126","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0115","series-title":"2023 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM)","first-page":"493","article-title":"Integrated scheduling of flexible job shop and energy-efficient automated guided vehicles","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0120","article-title":"Imitation learning-assisted evolutionary algorithm for energy-efficient flexible job shop scheduling problem with automated guided vehicles","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2024.101658","article-title":"A Q-Learning based NSGA-II for dynamic flexible job shop scheduling with limited transportation resources","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swarm and Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2024.109917","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning-based memetic algorithm for energy-aware flexible job shop scheduling with multi-AGV","volume":"189","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.5755\/j01.itc.53.4.37410","article-title":"Flexible job shop scheduling optimization with machine and AGV integration based on improved NSGA-II","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Technology and Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li S, Han K, Pei Z, et al. Green flexible job shop integrated scheduling optimization for machines and AGVs based on the INSGA-II algorithm. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2025: 09544054251327439.","DOI":"10.1177\/09544054251327439"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2024.101774","article-title":"Multi-population coevolutionary algorithm for a green multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem with automated guided vehicles and variable processing speed constraints","volume":"91","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swarm and Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2025.113048","article-title":"An improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for the low-carbon flexible job shop scheduling with automated guided vehicles","volume":"175","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2025.107087","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning for solving efficient and energy-saving flexible job shop scheduling problem with multi-AGV","volume":"181","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121540","article-title":"A hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to integrate optimization of the production scheduling and imperfect cutting tool maintenance considering total energy consumption","volume":"268","author":"An","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0165","first-page":"3111","article-title":"Flexible job-shop green scheduling considering transportation time and machine preventive maintenance","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computer Integrated Manufacturing System"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-020-05347-z","article-title":"A novel multi-objective optimization algorithm for the integrated scheduling of flexible job shops considering preventive maintenance activities and transportation processes","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-020-05841-6","article-title":"A visual contrast\u2013based fruit fly algorithm for optimizing conventional and nonconventional machining processes","volume":"109","author":"Fountas","year":"2020","journal-title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2011.03.009","article-title":"Parametric optimization of some non-traditional machining processes using artificial bee colony algorithm","volume":"24","author":"Samanta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103371","article-title":"Optimization of fused deposition modeling process using a virus-evolutionary genetic algorithm","volume":"125","author":"Fountas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Industry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-019-04658-2","article-title":"Optimization of parameters of micro-plasma transferred arc additive manufacturing process using real coded genetic algorithm","volume":"106","author":"Nikam","year":"2020","journal-title":"The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0252-9602(16)30048-0","article-title":"Dynamics of new class of hopfield neural networks with time-varying and distributed delays","volume":"36","author":"Adn\u00e8ne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Mathematica Scientia"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.3390\/math12162490","article-title":"A novel radial basis and sigmoid neural network combination to solve the human immunodeficiency virus system in cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Sabir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2007.04.006","article-title":"A review on evolution of production scheduling with neural networks","volume":"53","author":"Akyol","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-021-00992-6","article-title":"Production and transport scheduling in flexible job shop manufacturing systems","volume":"79","author":"Homayouni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.08.145","article-title":"An effective genetic algorithm for the flexible job-shop scheduling problem","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2012.03.034","article-title":"A simple and effective evolutionary algorithm for multiobjective flexible job shop scheduling","volume":"141","author":"Chiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2022.3219238","article-title":"A learning-based multipopulation evolutionary optimization for flexible job shop scheduling problem with finite transportation resources","volume":"27","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0230","first-page":"3547","article-title":"Modified biology migration algorithm for dual-resource energy-saving flexible job shop scheduling problem","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computer Integrated Manufacturing System"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2024.110484","article-title":"A learning-driven multi-objective cooperative artificial bee colony algorithm for distributed flexible job shop scheduling problems with preventive maintenance and transportation operations","volume":"196","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6821","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540903308969","article-title":"A GRASP algorithm for flexible job-shop scheduling with maintenance constraints","volume":"48","author":"Rajkumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2023.2230489","article-title":"Integrated job-shop scheduling in an FMS with heterogeneous transporters: MILP formulation, constraint programming, and branch-and-bound","volume":"62","author":"Ahmadi-Javid","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2023.03.011","article-title":"A multi-agent system simulation based approach for collision avoidance in integrated job-shop scheduling problem with transportation tasks","volume":"68","author":"Sanogo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Manufacturing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079.2025.2548921","article-title":"Roles reversal evolutionary algorithm with neighborhood search for job shop scheduling problem considering insufficient machine buffer and AGVs","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of General Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1007\/s10878-022-00885-8","article-title":"Job-shop scheduling-joint consideration of production, transport, and storage\/retrieval systems","volume":"44","author":"Fontes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Combinatorial Optimization"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417425046391?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417425046391?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1774441562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0957417425046391"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0957417425046391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Q-learning-driven evolutionary algorithm for energy-aware flexible job shop scheduling with preventive maintenance and finite AGVs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.131024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131024"}}