{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T14:11:47Z","timestamp":1770991907715,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008117","name":"Grand Valley State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T17:08:42Z","timestamp":1770397722000},"page":"131550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modelling uncertainty in data fusion: a knowledge graph approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"313","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4116-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8418-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Mugambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3237-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Braiden","family":"Betway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8272-006X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.05.008","article-title":"A review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning: Techniques, applications and challenges","volume":"76","author":"Abdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.07.020","article-title":"Fusion of engineering insights and emerging trends: Intelligent urban traffic management system","volume":"88","author":"Ait Ouallane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3186033","article-title":"Quality evaluation of triples in knowledge graph by incorporating internal with external consistency","volume":"35","author":"Ban","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.101985","article-title":"A knowledge graph-supported information fusion approach for multi-faceted conceptual modelling","volume":"101","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"4896-4905","article-title":"Mmbee: Live streaming gift-sending recommendations via multi-modal fusion and behaviour expansion","author":"Deng","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0006","series-title":"Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on web search and data mining","first-page":"149","article-title":"Will this paper increase your h-index? scientific impact prediction","author":"Dong","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2021.2005795","article-title":"Gis-kg: Building a large-scale hierarchical knowledge graph for geographic information science","volume":"36","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0008","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Unveiling multifaceted resilience: A heterogeneous graph neural network approach for analyzing locale recovery patterns","volume":"52","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/12265934.2023.2262427","article-title":"Artificial intelligence enabled participatory planning: A review","volume":"28","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Urban Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1891879.1891883","article-title":"On graph-based name disambiguation","volume":"2","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Data and Information Quality (JDIQ)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30761-2","article-title":"Towards artificial general intelligence via a multimodal foundation model","volume":"13","author":"Fei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/030913259101500205","article-title":"Geographic information systems","volume":"15","author":"Goodchild","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progress in Human geography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0013","unstructured":"Guha, R. V., Radhakrishnan, P., Xu, B., Sun, W., Au, C., Tirumali, A., Amjad, M. J., Piekos, S., Diaz, N., Chen, J. et al. (2023). Data commons. arXiv: 2309.13054."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.105620","article-title":"Graph neural entity disambiguation","volume":"195","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0015","series-title":"International conference on theory and practice of digital libraries","first-page":"33","article-title":"Context-compatible information fusion for scientific knowledge graphs","author":"Kroll","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0016","article-title":"Icsthreatqa: Industrial control system threat intelligence question answering based on knowledge graph","volume":"301","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.10.015","article-title":"Human activity recognition based on multienvironment sensor data","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0018","series-title":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL international workshop on geospatial knowledge graphs","first-page":"3","article-title":"Developing knowledge graph based system for urban computing","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0019","series-title":"Geographic information science and systems","author":"Longley","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102301","article-title":"Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) 2.0: A manifesto of open challenges and interdisciplinary research directions","volume":"106","author":"Longo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.11.006","article-title":"Multi-sensor information fusion based on machine learning for real applications in human activity recognition: State-of-the-art and research challenges","volume":"80","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/publications7020038","article-title":"OpenBiodiv: A knowledge graph for literature-extracted linked open data in biodiversity science","volume":"7","author":"Senderov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Publications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0023","unstructured":"Shen, J. H., Raji, I. D., & Chen, I. Y. (2024). The data addition dilemma. arXiv: 2408.04154."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0024","series-title":"Iberoamerican knowledge graphs and semantic web conference","first-page":"199","article-title":"Knowwheregraph-lite: A perspective of the knowwheregraph","author":"Shimizu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0025","series-title":"British politics and the environment in the long nineteenth century","first-page":"149","article-title":"On the mode of communication of cholera","author":"Snow","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-025-02067-5","article-title":"A multi-modal data fusion approach for evaluating the impact of extreme public sentiments on corporate credit ratings","volume":"11","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Complex & Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0027","series-title":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGKDD conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"4862","article-title":"Trustgeo: Uncertainty-aware dynamic graph learning for trustworthy IP geolocation","author":"Tai","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0028","series-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd annual predictive methods conference, veros software, santa ana, CA","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uncertainty classification for the design and development of complex systems","author":"Thunnissen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.130146","article-title":"DairyGoatQA: A knowledge graph enhanced large language models approach for question answering in the dairy goat domain","volume":"299","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.11.002","article-title":"Data fusion in cyber-physical-social systems: State-of-the-art and perspectives","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s41324-023-00564-8","article-title":"Enhancing routes selection with real-time weather data integration in spatial decision support systems","volume":"32","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spatial Information Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s41324-023-00553-x","article-title":"An integrated space\u2013time framework for linkage discovery of big survey data","volume":"32","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spatial Information Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0033","unstructured":"Zhang, T., Kishore, V., Wu, F., Weinberger, K. Q., & Artzi, Y. (2020). Bertscore: Evaluating text generation with bert. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1904.09675."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0034","series-title":"Knowledge science, engineering and management","first-page":"216","article-title":"A framework of data fusion through spatio-temporal knowledge graph","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.23919\/JSEE.2024.000070","article-title":"Review on uncertainty analysis and information fusion diagnosis of aircraft control system","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095741742600463X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095741742600463X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T13:29:29Z","timestamp":1770989369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095741742600463X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S095741742600463X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modelling uncertainty in data fusion: a knowledge graph approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131550","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131550"}}