{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T17:22:41Z","timestamp":1772126561927,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:19:50Z","timestamp":1771028390000},"page":"131634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A generalized zero-shot bearing fault diagnosis method under unseen faults and variable operating conditions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"315","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6847-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0421-5948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6499-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3448-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0001","series-title":"2022 International conference on computer network, electronic and automation (ICCNEA)","first-page":"373","article-title":"Bearing fault diagnosis based on wavelet transform and residual shrinkage network","author":"Bai","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0002","series-title":"2023\u202fIEEE 11th international conference on healthcare informatics (ICHI)","first-page":"597","article-title":"Detection of novel COVID-19 variants with zero-shot learning","author":"Basu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9633","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2024.3383459","article-title":"A multiattribute learning model for zero-sample mechanical fault diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0004","first-page":"1","article-title":"Generalized zero-shot learning based on diffusion model and multilabel network for compound fault diagnosis","author":"Cen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3106743","article-title":"Adversarial reciprocal points learning for open set recognition","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zero-shot compound fault diagnosis method using semantic construction and embedding","volume":"73","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0007","series-title":"2024\u202fIEEE 13th data driven control and learning systems conference (DDCLS)","first-page":"1044","article-title":"A semantic-consistent conditional generative adversarial model for zero-shot learning in bearing fault diagnosis","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0008","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision (ICCV)","first-page":"122","article-title":"Free: Feature refinement for generalized zero-shot learning","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Open-set fault recognition and inference for rolling bearing based on open fault semantic subspace","volume":"73","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2022.3177930","article-title":"Deep attention relation network: A zero-shot learning method for bearing fault diagnosis under unknown domains","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Reliability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0011","series-title":"2024 6th international conference on natural language processing (ICNLP)","first-page":"753","article-title":"Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on deep transfer learning","author":"Fang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0012","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)","first-page":"2371","article-title":"Contrastive embedding for generalized zero-shot learning","author":"Han","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2021.108732","article-title":"Towards better benchmarking using the CWRU bearing fault dataset","volume":"169","author":"Hendriks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_sbref0014","series-title":"5th international conference on learning representations, ICLR 2017, toulon, france, april 24\u201326, 2017, conference track proceedings","article-title":"A baseline for detecting misclassified and out-of-distribution examples in neural networks","author":"Hendrycks","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0015","series-title":"2021\u202fIEEE 10th data driven control and learning systems conference (DDCLS)","first-page":"887","article-title":"Fault classification of industrial processes based on generalized zero-shot learning","author":"Huang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0016","series-title":"2023 China automation congress (CAC)","first-page":"6489","article-title":"Unknown fault diagnosis based on transfer learning under multiple working conditions","author":"Huang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0017","series-title":"2024\u202fIEEE 11th workshop on advances in information, electronic and electrical engineering (AIEEE)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zero shot classification for change detection in satellite imagery","author":"K\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fc","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0018","series-title":"2023\u202fIEEE International conference on consumer electronics (ICCE)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adaptive margin-based contrastive network for generalized zero-shot learning","author":"Lee","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0019","series-title":"2024\u202fIEEE 6th advanced information management, communicates, electronic and automation control conference (IMCEC)","first-page":"1214","article-title":"A generative model for zero-shot learnning fault diagnosis of rolling bearings","volume":"vol. 6","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_sbref0020","series-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","first-page":"21464","article-title":"Energy-based out-of-distribution detection","volume":"vol. 33","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0021","series-title":"2022 China automation congress (CAC)","first-page":"5322","article-title":"Weighted multi-view zero-shot learning prototype shift model in fault diagnosis","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Masked autoencoder via end-to-end zero-shot learning for fault diagnosis of unseen classes","volume":"73","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6883","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3204554","article-title":"Trnet: A cross-component few-shot mechanical fault diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0024","series-title":"2023\u202fIEEE 6th international conference on industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey of few-shot learning-based compound fault diagnosis methods for industrial processes","author":"Ma","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0025","series-title":"2022 China automation congress (CAC)","first-page":"2427","article-title":"Generalized zero-shot learning fault diagnosis framework based on anomaly detection and contractive stacked autoencoder","author":"Pan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zero-shot attribute consistent model for bearing fault diagnosis under unknown domain","volume":"73","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.54","article-title":"Meta-recognition: The theory and practice of recognition score analysis","volume":"33","author":"Scheirer","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0028","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"8247","article-title":"Generalized zero-and few-shot learning via aligned variational autoencoders","author":"Schonfeld","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0029","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global-local attention-aware zero-shot learning for industrial fault diagnosis","volume":"74","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-023-06400-4","article-title":"Hust bearing: A practical dataset for ball bearing fault diagnosis","volume":"16","author":"Thuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37472","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3470515","article-title":"Adaptively weighted semantic autoencoder for zero-shot compound fault diagnosis","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0032","series-title":"2023 3rd international conference on robotics, automation and intelligent control (ICRAIC)","first-page":"344","article-title":"Complex fault diagnosis of rolling bearings based on improved residual shrinkage networks","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3923","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3507817","article-title":"Unsupervised contrastive learning-based single domain generalization method for intelligent bearing fault diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0034","first-page":"1","article-title":"Generative zero-shot compound fault diagnosis based on semantic alignment","volume":"73","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0035","series-title":"2021 International conference on sensing, measurement & data analytics in the era of artificial intelligence (ICSMD)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Generative zero-shot learning compound fault diagnosis of bearings","author":"Xu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zero-shot compound fault diagnosis method based on semantic learning and discriminative features","volume":"72","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2022.3227363","article-title":"Deep spiking residual shrinkage network for bearing fault diagnosis","volume":"54","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0038","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improved wavelet zero-shot learning model with signal-sensitive features and weighted semantics for compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearing","volume":"74","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2006.876386","article-title":"Detecting the blockage of the sensing lines of a differential-pressure flow sensor in a dynamic process using wavelet transform techniques","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634_bib0040","series-title":"2024 4th international conference on neural networks, information and communication engineering (NNICE)","first-page":"298","article-title":"Semantic feedback for generalized zero-shot learning","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426005476?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426005476?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T16:20:16Z","timestamp":1772122816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0957417426005476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0957417426005476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A generalized zero-shot bearing fault diagnosis method under unseen faults and variable operating conditions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.131634","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131634"}}