{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T02:59:43Z","timestamp":1780973983324,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T17:08:50Z","timestamp":1773680930000},"page":"132013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Visual-guided weak supervision for DAS traffic target detection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"319","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6478-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6676-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunfan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6794-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3207-6689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haosong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4473-6003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4833-8927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.70065","article-title":"Lc-yolo: An improved yolov8-based lane detection model for enhanced lane intrusion detection","volume":"19","author":"Abdullah","year":"2025","journal-title":"IET Image Processing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1109\/IOTM.001.2300287","article-title":"A distributed acoustic sensor system for intelligent transportation using deep learning","volume":"7","author":"Chiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2006.05.036","article-title":"Fingerprint enhancement using STFT analysis","volume":"40","author":"Chikkerur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10562-9","article-title":"A survey of uncertainty in deep neural networks","volume":"56","author":"Gawlikowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2021.3059771","article-title":"Optical fiber distributed acoustic sensors: A review","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0006","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"7132","article-title":"Squeeze-and-excitation networks","author":"Hu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0007","unstructured":"Hussain, M. (2024). Yolov5, yolov8 and yolov10: The go-to detectors for real-time vision. arXiv: 2407.02988."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0008","first-page":"5574","article-title":"What uncertainties do we need in bayesian deep learning for computer vision?","volume":"30","author":"Kendall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0009","series-title":"Fourth international conference on electronic information engineering and data processing (EIEDP 2025)","first-page":"120","article-title":"Ct-yolo: improved yolov8 for object detection on traffic signs","volume":"vol. 13574","author":"Kong","year":"2025"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27068","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.522337","article-title":"Highway vehicle detection based on distributed acoustic sensing","volume":"32","author":"Kou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Optics Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0011","article-title":"Dsf-yolo for robust multiscale traffic sign detection under adverse weather conditions","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.3390\/s25072016","article-title":"Optical fiber vibration signal recognition based on the EMD algorithm and CNN-LSTM","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.108764","article-title":"A traffic noise source identification method for buildings adjacent to multiple transport infrastructures based on deep learning","volume":"211","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0014","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"11976","article-title":"A convnet for the 2020s","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6887","DOI":"10.3390\/s23156887","article-title":"Small object detection and tracking: a comprehensive review","volume":"23","author":"Mirzaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0016","first-page":"441","article-title":"Research progress of optical fiber sensing technology","volume":"47","author":"Ning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of YanShan University"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0017","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. (2023). Global status report on road safety 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2022.103006","article-title":"Graph wavelets for fault localization in optical mesh networks","volume":"72","author":"Prakash","year":"2022","journal-title":"Optical Fiber Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geits.2024.100178","article-title":"Remote condition monitoring of rail tracks using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS): A deep CNN-LSTM-SW based model","volume":"3","author":"Rahman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s43074-025-00160-z","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-driven distributed acoustic sensing technology and engineering application","volume":"6","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"PhotoniX"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19112","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3089004","article-title":"Optical fiber distributed vibration sensing using grayscale image and multi-class deep learning framework for multi-event recognition","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02717-4","article-title":"Generalized leaky integrate-and-fire models classify multiple neuron types","volume":"9","author":"Teeter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3390\/app7080841","article-title":"Machine learning methods for pipeline surveillance systems based on distributed acoustic sensing: A review","volume":"7","author":"Tejedor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0024","unstructured":"United Nations General Assembly (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Resolution A\/RES\/70\/1. https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/2030agenda."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7190","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167190","article-title":"Uav-yolov8: A small-object-detection model based on improved yolov8 for uav aerial photography scenarios","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jappgeo.2024.105616","article-title":"Enhancing traffic monitoring with noise-robust distributed acoustic sensing and deep learning","volume":"233","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Geophysics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-09422-6","article-title":"A review of small object detection based on deep learning","volume":"36","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Computing and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0028","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"16133","article-title":"Convnext v2: Co-designing and scaling convnets with masked autoencoders","author":"Woo","year":"2023"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2019.2923839","article-title":"One-dimensional CNN-based intelligent recognition of vibrations in pipeline monitoring with DAS","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2024.104051","article-title":"Anti-noise UWFBG hydrophone array enhanced DAS system using optimising SVMD based on matched interferometric","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Optical Fiber Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19362","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3248231","article-title":"Distributed optical fiber sensing event recognition based on markov transition field and knowledge distillation","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0032","series-title":"International conference on machine learning","first-page":"7324","article-title":"Making convolutional networks shift-invariant again","author":"Zhang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2018.2876865","article-title":"Object detection with deep learning: A review","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426009267?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426009267?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T02:32:38Z","timestamp":1780972358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0957417426009267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0957417426009267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Visual-guided weak supervision for DAS traffic target detection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.132013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"132013"}}