{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:12:14Z","timestamp":1780506734504,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:57:29Z","timestamp":1780070249000},"page":"133060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["T-REACHED: Template-retrieval-augmented collaborative framework for low-resource generative event detection with hard examples"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"330","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-250X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxiao","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7045-3909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yubo","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1758-4934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8138-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4189-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lishuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0001","unstructured":"Achiam, J., Adler, S., Agarwal, S., Ahmad, L., Akkaya, I., Aleman, F. L., Almeida, D., Altenschmidt, J., Altman, S., Anadkat, S. et al. (2023). Gpt-4 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2303.08774."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0002","series-title":"Proceedings of the workshop on annotating and reasoning about time and events","first-page":"1","article-title":"The stages of event extraction","author":"Ahn","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0003","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0004","series-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: Long papers)","first-page":"2842","article-title":"Improving event definition following for zero-shot event detection","author":"Cai","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0005","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: ACL","first-page":"2318","article-title":"M3-embedding: Multi-linguality, multi-functionality, multi-granularity text embeddings through self-knowledge distillation","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0006","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"17772","article-title":"Is a large language model a good annotator for event extraction?","volume":"vol. 38","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0007","series-title":"Proceedings of the 53rd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics and the 7th international joint conference on natural language processing (volume 1: Long papers)","first-page":"167","article-title":"Event extraction via dynamic multi-pooling convolutional neural networks","author":"Chen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0008","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: Human language technologies, volume 1 (long and short papers)","first-page":"4171","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0009","series-title":"Lrec","first-page":"837","article-title":"The automatic content extraction (ACE) program-tasks, data, and evaluation","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Doddington","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0010","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","first-page":"4649","article-title":"Retrieval-augmented generative question answering for event argument extraction","author":"Du","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.26599\/BDMA.2023.9020036","article-title":"KeyEE: Enhancing low-resource generative event extraction with auxiliary keyword sub-prompt","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Big Data Mining and Analytics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-017-9359-x","article-title":"A language-independent neural network for event detection","volume":"61","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science China Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gmod.2018.07.001","article-title":"A new mesh visual quality metric using saliency weighting-based pooling strategy","volume":"99","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graphical Models"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0014","series-title":"Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: Long papers)","first-page":"648","article-title":"Legal judgment prediction via event extraction with constraints","author":"Feng","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0015","article-title":"Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: A survey","volume":"abs\/2312.10997","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0016","series-title":"Proceedings of the 54th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 2: Short papers)","first-page":"369","article-title":"Event nugget detection with forward-backward recurrent neural networks","author":"Ghaeini","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0017","series-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 2: Short papers)","first-page":"127","article-title":"IEPile: Unearthing large scale schema-conditioned information extraction corpus","author":"Gui","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0018","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: Human language technologies","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Degree: A data-efficient generation-based event extraction model","author":"Hsu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0019","series-title":"Proceedings of the 61st annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: Long papers)","first-page":"12917","article-title":"TAGPRIME: A unified framework for relational structure extraction","author":"Hsu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0020","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics ACL 2024","first-page":"12804","article-title":"TextEE: Benchmark, reevaluation, reflections, and future challenges in event extraction","author":"Huang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0021","series-title":"Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT","first-page":"254","article-title":"Refining event extraction through cross-document inference","author":"Ji","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM web conference 2024","first-page":"3964","article-title":"LFDE: A lighter, faster and more data-efficient pre-training framework for event extraction","author":"Kan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0023","series-title":"European conference on computer vision","first-page":"366","article-title":"Rethinking few-shot object detection on a multi-domain benchmark","author":"Lee","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0024","series-title":"Proceedings of the 58th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics","first-page":"7871","article-title":"BART: Denoising sequence-to-sequence pre-training for natural language generation, translation, and comprehension","author":"Lewis","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0025","first-page":"9459","article-title":"Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks","volume":"33","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0026","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","first-page":"2823","article-title":"GLEN: General-purpose event detection for thousands of types","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0027","series-title":"Proceedings of the 48th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics","first-page":"789","article-title":"Using document level cross-event inference to improve event extraction","author":"Liao","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0028","series-title":"Proceedings of the 48th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics","first-page":"789","article-title":"Using document level cross-event inference to improve event extraction","author":"Liao","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0029","series-title":"Proceedings of the 58th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics","first-page":"7999","article-title":"A joint neural model for information extraction with global features","author":"Lin","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0030","unstructured":"Liu, A., Mei, A., Lin, B., Xue, B., Wang, B., Xu, B., Wu, B., Zhang, B., Lin, C., Dong, C. et al. (2025). DeepSeek-v3. 2: Pushing the frontier of open large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2512.02556."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0031","series-title":"Proceedings of the 59th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics and the 11th international joint conference on natural language processing (volume 1: Long papers)","first-page":"2795","article-title":"Text2Event: Controllable sequence-to-structure generation for end-to-end event extraction","author":"Lu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0032","series-title":"Proceedings of the 60th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: Long papers)","first-page":"5755","article-title":"Unified structure generation for universal information extraction","author":"Lu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0033","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: EMNLP 2023","first-page":"10572","article-title":"Large language model is not a good few-shot information extractor, but a good reranker for hard samples!","author":"Ma","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0034","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: Human language technologies","first-page":"300","article-title":"Joint event extraction via recurrent neural networks","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0035","series-title":"Proceedings of the 53rd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics and the 7th international joint conference on natural language processing (volume 2: Short papers)","first-page":"365","article-title":"Event detection and domain adaptation with convolutional neural networks","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0036","series-title":"International conference on learning representations","first-page":"1","article-title":"Structured prediction as translation between augmented natural languages","author":"Paolini","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0037","series-title":"Proceedings of the sixth international joint conference on natural language processing","first-page":"302","article-title":"Feature-rich segment-based news event detection on Twitter","author":"Qin","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0038","article-title":"Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer","volume":"21","author":"Raffel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0039","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021","first-page":"2417","article-title":"Adaptive knowledge-enhanced Bayesian meta-learning for few-shot event detection","author":"Shen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0040","series-title":"2024 27th international conference on information fusion (FUSION)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Decompose, enrich, and extract! Schema-aware event extraction using LLMs","author":"Shiri","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0041","series-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on EVENTS: Definition, detection, coreference, and representation","first-page":"89","article-title":"From light to rich ERE: Annotation of entities, relations, and events","author":"Song","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0042","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: ACL 2025","first-page":"13055","article-title":"Instruction-tuning LLMs for event extraction with annotation guidelines","author":"Srivastava","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0043","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing and the 9th international joint conference on natural language processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","first-page":"5784","article-title":"Entity, relation, and event extraction with contextualized span representations","author":"Wadden","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0044","unstructured":"Wang, K., Zhu, J., Ren, M., Liu, Z., Li, S., Zhang, Z., Zhang, C., Wu, X., Zhan, Q., Liu, Q. et al. (2024). A survey on data synthesis and augmentation for large language models. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2410.12896."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0045","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: ACL 2022","first-page":"169","article-title":"Query and extract: Refining event extraction as type-oriented binary decoding","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0046","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhou, W., Zu, C., Xia, H., Chen, T., Zhang, Y., Zheng, R., Ye, J., Zhang, Q., Gui, T. et al. (2023). InstructUIE: Multi-task instruction tuning for unified information extraction. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2304.08085."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0047","unstructured":"Wei, X., Cui, X., Cheng, N., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Huang, S., Xie, P., Xu, J., Chen, Y., Zhang, M. et al. (2023). Chatie: Zero-shot information extraction via chatting with ChatGPT. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2302.10205."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0048","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: ACL","first-page":"10421","article-title":"Learning from a friend: Improving event extraction via self-training with feedback from abstract meaning representation","author":"Xu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112684","article-title":"Collaborate SLM and LLM with latent answers for event detection","volume":"305","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0050","unstructured":"Yang, A., Li, A., Yang, B., Zhang, B., Hui, B., Zheng, B., Yu, B., Gao, C., Huang, C., Lv, C., Zheng, C., Liu, D., Zhou, F., Huang, F., Hu, F., Ge, H., Wei, H., Lin, H., Tang, J., Yang, J., Tu, J., Zhang, J., Yang, J., Yang, J., Zhou, J., Zhou, J., Lin, J., Dang, K., Bao, K., Yang, K., Yu, L., Deng, L., Li, M., Xue, M., Li, M., Zhang, P., Wang, P., Zhu, Q., Men, R., Gao, R., Liu, S., Luo, S., Li, T., Tang, T., Yin, W., Ren, X., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Ren, X., Fan, Y., Su, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wan, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Cui, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Z., & Qiu, Z. (2025). Qwen3 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2505.09388."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0051","series-title":"Proceedings of the 61st annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: Long papers)","first-page":"7928","article-title":"Zero- and few-shot event detection via prompt-based meta learning","author":"Yue","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0052","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: EMNLP 2023","first-page":"1805","article-title":"DemoSG: Demonstration-enhanced schema-guided generation for low-resource event extraction","author":"Zhao","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060_bib0053","series-title":"2024 IEEE International conference on bioinformatics and biomedicine (BIBM)","first-page":"3048","article-title":"Low-resource biomedical event detection based on semantic matching and meta learning","author":"Zuo","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426019718?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426019718?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:47:34Z","timestamp":1780505254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0957417426019718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0957417426019718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"T-REACHED: Template-retrieval-augmented collaborative framework for low-resource generative event detection with hard examples","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133060","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"133060"}}