{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:17:48Z","timestamp":1783531068195,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:41:37Z","timestamp":1781278897000},"page":"133188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Self-supervised transformation with evidence fusion for heterogeneous remote sensing image change detection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"331","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5598-5500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9212-7719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongpeng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9990-6625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4855-5924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuowei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3251-6939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwei","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.120","article-title":"Slic superpixels compared to state-of-the-art superpixel methods","volume":"34","author":"Achanta","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2011.12.001","article-title":"Introduction to the GEOBIA 2010 special issue: From pixels to geographic objects in remote sensing image analysis","volume":"15","author":"Addink","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2022.113371","article-title":"A full-level fused cross-task transfer learning method for building change detection using noise-robust pretrained networks on crowdsourced labels","volume":"284","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112741","article-title":"Multi-sensor change detection for within-year capture and labelling of forest disturbance","volume":"268","author":"Cardille","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"DADR-HCD: A deep domain adaptation and disentangled representation network for unsupervised heterogeneous change detection","volume":"62","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0006","series-title":"Upper and lower probabilities induced by a multivalued mapping","first-page":"57","author":"Dempster","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.129994","article-title":"AFSNet: Remote sensing change detection with progressive difference feature aggregation and full-scale connection","volume":"300","author":"Fu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2018.1547934","article-title":"A coupling translation network for change detection in heterogeneous images","volume":"40","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2650198","article-title":"Superpixel-based difference representation learning for change detection in multispectral remote sensing images","volume":"55","author":"Gong","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2016.2594952","article-title":"Coupled dictionary learning for change detection from multisource data","volume":"54","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2024.3349868","article-title":"Saan: Similarity-aware attention flow network for change detection with vhr remote sensing images","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0012","first-page":"1","article-title":"SDC-GAE: Structural difference compensation graph autoencoder for unsupervised multimodal change detection","volume":"62","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2024.2347457","article-title":"Global structure graph mapping for multimodal change detection","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Digital Earth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2023.103630","article-title":"Unsupervised multimodal change detection based on adaptive optimization of structured graph","volume":"126","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2022.105249","article-title":"Semi-supervised label propagation for multi-source remote sensing image change detection","volume":"170","author":"Hao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1973.4309314","article-title":"Textural features for image classification","volume":"SMC-3","author":"Haralick","year":"1973","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.111148","article-title":"Self-supervised multimodal change detection based on difference contrast learning for remote sensing imagery","volume":"159","author":"Hou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2021.07.007","article-title":"A deep translation (GAN) based change detection network for optical and SAR remote sensing images","volume":"179","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aekan: Exploring superpixel-based autoencoder kolmogorov-arnold network for unsupervised multimodal change detection","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2025.3539461","article-title":"Commonality feature representation learning for unsupervised multimodal change detection","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2784560","article-title":"Change detection in heterogenous remote sensing images via homogeneous pixel transformation","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2013.2250908","article-title":"Change detection in heterogeneous remote sensing images based on multidimensional evidential reasoning","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0023","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unsupervised change detection from heterogeneous data based on image translation","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3172183","article-title":"Code-aligned autoencoders for unsupervised change detection in multimodal remote sensing images","volume":"35","author":"Luppino","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2021.3056196","article-title":"Deep image translation with an affinity-based change prior for unsupervised multimodal change detection","volume":"60","author":"Luppino","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15128","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3282935","article-title":"Iterative training sample augmentation for enhancing land cover change detection performance with deep learning neural network","volume":"35","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6884","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2018.2845450","article-title":"Tensor-based classification models for hyperspectral data analysis","volume":"56","author":"Makantasis","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0028","series-title":"2015\u202fIEEE International geoscience and remote sensing symposium (IGARSS)","first-page":"4959","article-title":"Deep supervised learning for hyperspectral data classification through convolutional neural networks","author":"Makantasis","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8046","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.2986239","article-title":"A fractal projection and markovian segmentation-based approach for multimodal change detection","volume":"58","author":"Mignotte","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4236\/ars.2012.13008","article-title":"Monitoring land-use change in nakuru (kenya) using multi-sensor satellite data","volume":"1","author":"Mubea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2018.2868704","article-title":"A conditional adversarial network for change detection in heterogeneous images","volume":"16","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2023.113931","article-title":"Inter- and intra-year forest change detection and monitoring of aboveground biomass dynamics using sentinel-2 and landsat","volume":"301","author":"Pelletier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2387013","article-title":"A new multivariate statistical model for change detection in images acquired by homogeneous and heterogeneous sensors","volume":"24","author":"Prendes","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0034","series-title":"A mathematical theory of evidence","author":"Shafer","year":"1976"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2024.3357667","article-title":"Self-guided autoencoders for unsupervised change detection in heterogeneous remote sensing images","volume":"5","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6277","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3093766","article-title":"Iterative robust graph for unsupervised change detection of heterogeneous remote sensing images","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6955","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2024.3401696","article-title":"Locality preservation for unsupervised multimodal change detection in remote sensing imagery","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3013673","article-title":"Patch similarity graph matrix-based unsupervised remote sensing change detection with homogeneous and heterogeneous sensors","volume":"59","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2024.01.002","article-title":"Similarity and dissimilarity relationships based graphs for multimodal change detection","volume":"208","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2025.09.009","article-title":"Detecting changes without comparing images: Rules induced change detection in heterogeneous remote sensing images","volume":"230","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0041","first-page":"1","article-title":"Signed graph-based image transformation for heterogeneous change detection","volume":"63","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2758359","article-title":"An energy-based model encoding nonlocal pairwise pixel interactions for multisensor change detection","volume":"56","author":"Touati","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0043","series-title":"2017 Seventh international conference on image processing theory, tools and applications (IPTA)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new change detector in heterogeneous remote sensing imagery","author":"Touati","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0044","series-title":"2019 Ninth international conference on image processing theory, tools and applications (IPTA)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multimodal change detection using a convolution model-based mapping","author":"Touati","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2019.2934602","article-title":"A reliable mixed-norm-based multiresolution change detector in heterogeneous remote sensing images","volume":"12","author":"Touati","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2020.2964409","article-title":"Anomaly feature learning for unsupervised change detection in heterogeneous images: A deep sparse residual model","volume":"13","author":"Touati","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2933747","article-title":"Multimodal change detection in remote sensing images using an unsupervised pixel pairwise-based markov random field model","volume":"29","author":"Touati","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.25046\/aj0505155","article-title":"A circular invariant convolution model-based mapping for multimodal change detection","volume":"5","author":"Touati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9941","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2930322","article-title":"An object-based hierarchical compound classification method for change detection in heterogeneous optical and SAR images","volume":"57","author":"Wan","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2024.12.010","article-title":"Refined change detection in heterogeneous low-resolution remote sensing images for disaster emergency response","volume":"220","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2022.112993","article-title":"Graph-based block-level urban change detection using sentinel-2 time series","volume":"274","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0052","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gcd-ddpm: A generative change detection model based on difference-feature-guided ddpm","volume":"62","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2024.3494820","article-title":"MIFNet: Multi-scale interaction fusion network for remote sensing image change detection","volume":"35","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"Progressive modality-alignment for unsupervised heterogeneous change detection","volume":"61","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0055","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving reliability of heterogeneous change detection by sample synthesis and knowledge transfer","volume":"62","author":"Xing","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5098","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2024.3438100","article-title":"Change representation and extraction in stripes: Rethinking unsupervised hyperspectral image change detection with an untrained network","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.130210","article-title":"DCIBCD: A dual-branch cooperative interaction method for interference-resistant binary change detection","volume":"301","author":"Yuan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2025.3638128","article-title":"Cross-domain difference representation learning for unsupervised heterogeneous change detection","volume":"63","author":"Zhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6537","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2025.3529431","article-title":"Style-transfer-based unsupervised change detection from heterogeneous images","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beyond pixel-level annotation: Exploring self-supervised learning for change detection with image-level supervision","volume":"62","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7066","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2739800","article-title":"Discriminative feature learning for unsupervised change detection in heterogeneous images based on a coupled neural network","volume":"55","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.130995","article-title":"DDCL-GAN: A novel dual-domain contrastive learning generative adversarial network for unsupervised multimodal remote sensing image change detection","volume":"306","author":"Zhu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095741742602097X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095741742602097X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:41:57Z","timestamp":1783528917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095741742602097X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S095741742602097X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Self-supervised transformation with evidence fusion for heterogeneous remote sensing image change detection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133188","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"133188"}}