{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:06:50Z","timestamp":1793711210360,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011789","name":"Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:38:09Z","timestamp":1782517089000},"page":"133444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"PD","title":["Fine-grained visual classification based on auxiliary dynamic classification signals and shallow-deep feature interaction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"331","author":[{"given":"Qihua","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2935-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanli","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3205215","article-title":"SR-GNN: Spatial relation-aware graph neural network for fine-grained image categorization","volume":"31","author":"Bera","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0002","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"9650","article-title":"Emerging properties in self-supervised vision transformers","author":"Caron","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0003","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"357","article-title":"CrossViT: Cross-attention multi-scale vision transformer for image classification","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110265","article-title":"FET-FGVC: Feature-enhanced transformer for fine-grained visual classification","volume":"149","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110749","article-title":"DACBN: Dual attention convolutional broad network for fine-grained visual recognition","volume":"156","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0006","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"5157","article-title":"Destruction and construction learning for fine-grained image recognition","author":"Chen","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3055617","article-title":"AP-CNN: Weakly supervised attention pyramid convolutional neural network for fine-grained visual classification","volume":"30","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0008","article-title":"An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale","author":"Dosovitskiy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0009","series-title":"European conference on computer vision","first-page":"153","article-title":"Fine-grained visual classification via progressive multi-granularity training of jigsaw patches","author":"Du","year":"2020"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9521","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3126668","article-title":"Progressive learning of category-consistent multi-granularity features for fine-grained visual classification","volume":"44","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0011","series-title":"Proceedings of the european conference on computer vision (ECCV)","first-page":"70","article-title":"Pairwise confusion for fine-grained visual classification","author":"Dubey","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0012","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"4438","article-title":"Look closer to see better: Recurrent attention convolutional neural network for fine-grained image recognition","author":"Fu","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0013","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"317","article-title":"Compact bilinear pooling","author":"Gao","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0014","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"852","article-title":"TransFG: A transformer architecture for fine-grained recognition","volume":"vol. 36","author":"He","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0015","series-title":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on multimedia","first-page":"4239","article-title":"RAMS-trans: Recurrent attention multi-scale transformer for fine-grained image recognition","author":"Hu","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2016.2631122","article-title":"PBC: Polygon-based classifier for fine-grained categorization","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0017","series-title":"Advances in visual computing: 15th international symposium, ISVC 2020, san diego, CA, USA, october 5\u20137, 2020, proceedings, part II 15","first-page":"53","article-title":"Domain adaptive transfer learning on visual attention aware data augmentation for fine-grained visual categorization","author":"Imran","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5009","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3248791","article-title":"Dual transformer with multi-grained assembly for fine-grained visual classification","volume":"33","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0019","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"2570","article-title":"Delving into multimodal prompting for fine-grained visual classification","volume":"vol. 38","author":"Jiang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109305","article-title":"Granularity-aware distillation and structure modeling region proposal network for fine-grained image classification","volume":"137","author":"Ke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0021","series-title":"Proc. CVPR workshop on fine-grained visual categorization (FGVC)","article-title":"Novel dataset for fine-grained image categorization: Stanford dogs","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Khosla","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0022","series-title":"International conference on machine learning","first-page":"11162","article-title":"ViT-net: Interpretable vision transformers with neural tree decoder","author":"Kim","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0023","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision workshops","first-page":"554","article-title":"3D object representations for fine-grained categorization","author":"Krause","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0024","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"2866","article-title":"ViTree: Single-path neural tree for step-wise interpretable fine-grained visual categorization","volume":"vol. 38","author":"Lao","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Bilinear CNN models for fine-grained visual recognition","author":"Lin","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0026","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"11555","article-title":"Filtration and distillation: Enhancing region attention for fine-grained visual categorization","volume":"vol. 34","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3601504","article-title":"HPCTrans: Heterogeneous plumage cues-aware texton correlation representation for FBIC via transformers","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3238548","article-title":"TransIFC: Invariant cues-aware feature concentration learning for efficient fine-grained bird image classification","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110938","article-title":"Improving deep representation learning via auxiliary learnable target coding","volume":"157","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3135477","article-title":"Cross-part learning for fine-grained image classification","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0031","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"14420","article-title":"EfficientViT: Memory efficient vision transformer with cascaded group attention","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.04.037","article-title":"Transformer with peak suppression and knowledge guidance for fine-grained image recognition","volume":"492","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0033","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"12009","article-title":"Swin transformer v2: Scaling up capacity and resolution","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0034","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"10012","article-title":"Swin transformer: Hierarchical vision transformer using shifted windows","author":"Liu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0035","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"8242","article-title":"Cross-X learning for fine-grained visual categorization","author":"Luo","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0036","series-title":"2008 Sixth indian conference on computer vision, graphics & image processing","first-page":"722","article-title":"Automated flower classification over a large number of classes","author":"Nilsback","year":"2008"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8918","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3415387","article-title":"CC4S: Encouraging certainty and consistency in scribble-supervised semantic segmentation","volume":"46","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2024.3364500","article-title":"Fine-grained recognition with learnable semantic data augmentation","volume":"33","author":"Pu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0039","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"17773","article-title":"TransNext: Robust foveal visual perception for vision transformers","author":"Shi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.111224","article-title":"LDH-ViT: Fine-grained visual classification through local concealment and feature selection","volume":"161","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7006","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2996736","article-title":"Bi-modal progressive mask attention for fine-grained recognition","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0042","first-page":"3554","article-title":"On the eigenvalues of global covariance pooling for fine-grained visual recognition","volume":"45","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2977553","article-title":"Few-shot learning for domain-specific fine-grained image classification","volume":"68","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0044","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"595","article-title":"Building a bird recognition app and large scale dataset with citizen scientists: The fine print in fine-grained dataset collection","author":"Van Horn","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0045","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"8769","article-title":"The inaturalist species classification and detection dataset","author":"Van Horn","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0046","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"The Caltech-UCSD Birds-200-2011 Dataset","author":"Wah","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2024.3441813","article-title":"Multi-granularity part sampling attention for fine-grained visual classification","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109547","article-title":"AA-Trans: Core attention aggregating transformer with information entropy selector for fine-grained visual classification","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0049","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"4148","article-title":"Learning a discriminative filter bank within a CNN for fine-grained recognition","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3291819","article-title":"Improving fine-grained image classification with multimodal information","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2025.112033","article-title":"Context-semantic quality awareness network for fine-grained visual categorization","volume":"170","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9015","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3244340","article-title":"Fine-grained visual classification via internal ensemble learning transformer","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0053","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"7399","article-title":"Fine-grained object classification via self-supervised pose alignment","author":"Yang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toward robust and efficient musculoskeletal modeling using distributed physics-informed deep learning","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0055","first-page":"1","article-title":"Boosting personalized musculoskeletal modeling with physics-informed knowledge transfer","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0056","series-title":"Icassp 2022-2022 ieee international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (icassp)","first-page":"3234","article-title":"A free lunch from ViT: Adaptive attention multi-scale fusion transformer for fine-grained visual recognition","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109979","article-title":"A vision transformer for fine-grained classification by reducing noise and enhancing discriminative information","volume":"145","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9470","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3126490","article-title":"Part-guided relational transformers for fine-grained visual recognition","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0059","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"15079","article-title":"Graph-based high-order relation discovery for fine-grained recognition","author":"Zhao","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2921876","article-title":"Learning rich part hierarchies with progressive attention networks for fine-grained image recognition","volume":"29","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0061","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"1621","article-title":"Learning gabor texture features for fine-grained recognition","author":"Zhu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0062","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"13130","article-title":"Learning attentive pairwise interaction for fine-grained classification","volume":"vol. 34","author":"Zhuang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444_bib0063","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"13130","article-title":"Learning attentive pairwise interaction for fine-grained classification","volume":"vol. 34","author":"Zhuang","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426023535?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426023535?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:17:38Z","timestamp":1790698658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0957417426023535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0957417426023535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fine-grained visual classification based on auxiliary dynamic classification signals and shallow-deep feature interaction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133444","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"133444"}}