{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T04:26:45Z","timestamp":1793680005351,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Korea Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:58:21Z","timestamp":1785772701000},"page":"133872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Automated generation of city-scale BIM models from street view images with deep learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"333","author":[{"given":"Joonho","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9127-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwangbok","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8036-4204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaewook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0005","unstructured":"Adobe. (2024). Adobe Lightroom. https:\/\/lightroom.adobe.com\/."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7100413","article-title":"Three-dimensional rule-based city modelling to support urban redevelopment process","volume":"7","author":"Agius","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"},{"issue":"2 PART2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12041","article-title":"Interactive facades analysis and synthesis of semi-regular facades","volume":"32","author":"Alhalawani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computer Graphics Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2021.111073","article-title":"Review of urban building energy modeling (UBEM) approaches, methods and tools using qualitative and quantitative analysis","volume":"246","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2025.111906","article-title":"BIM-GIS integrated hydrodynamic modeling for road flood risk assessment: A case study in Algeria\u2019s Chiffa Wadi","volume":"267","author":"Allalou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0030","unstructured":"Baligodugula, V. V., & Amsaad, F. (2025). Unsupervised Learning: Comparative Analysis of Clustering Techniques on High-Dimensional Data. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2503.23215. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2503.23215v2."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00087041.2021.1889450","article-title":"The third dimension in noise visualization\u2013a design of new methods for continuous phenomenon visualization","volume":"59","author":"Beran","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Cartographic Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0040","first-page":"132","article-title":"Design and deployment of Photo2Building: A cloud-based procedural modeling tool as a service","author":"Bhatt","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2017.01.001","article-title":"Generating 3D city models without elevation data","volume":"64","author":"Biljecki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi4042842","article-title":"Applications of 3D city models: State of the art review","volume":"4","author":"Biljecki","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12132128","article-title":"Reconstruction and efficient visualization of heterogeneous 3D city models","volume":"12","author":"Buyukdemircioglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6568-7_8","article-title":"ArchiGAN: Artificial intelligence x architecture","author":"Chaillou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Architectural Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.05.010","article-title":"Proactive 2D model-based scan planning for existing buildings","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/pala.12518","article-title":"Comparing surface digitization techniques in palaeontology using visual perceptual metrics and distance computations between 3D meshes","volume":"64","author":"D\u00edez D\u00edaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0075","unstructured":"Ester, M., Kriegel, H. -P., Sander, J., & Xu, X. (1996). A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-96), 226\u2013231."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci4040047","article-title":"On the reliable generation of 3D city models from Open data","volume":"4","author":"Girindran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1145\/3422622","article-title":"Generative adversarial networks","volume":"63","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0090","unstructured":"GOV.UK. (2023). National Digital Twin Programme. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/collections\/the-national-digital-twin-programme-ndtp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0095","unstructured":"GOV. (2024). National Research Foundation. https:\/\/www.nrf.gov.sg\/."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.3390\/app12157570","article-title":"Method for constructing a fa\u00e7ade dataset through deep learning-based automatic image labeling","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3661832","article-title":"ELEV-VISION: Automated lowest floor elevation estimation from segmenting street view images","volume":"2","author":"Ho","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2022.104107","article-title":"Using social media images for building function classification","volume":"133","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0115","first-page":"24","article-title":"BIM and OpenAI-based model for supporting initial construction planning of bridges and tunnels","volume":"25","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J. Constr. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113236","article-title":"CityGML urban model generation using national public datasets for flood damage simulations: A case study in Korea","volume":"297","author":"Jang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-5844-3_36","article-title":"A multi-style interior floor plan design approach based ongenerative adversarial networks","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13030603","article-title":"Effect of interior space and window geometry on daylighting performance for terrace classrooms of universities in severe cold regions: A case study of shenyang, China","volume":"13","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2023.104888","article-title":"Building layout generation using site-embedded GAN model","volume":"151","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2014.02.021","article-title":"Productive modeling for development of as-built BIM of existing indoor structures","volume":"42","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0145","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)","article-title":"CubiCasa5K: A dataset and an improved multi-task model for floorplan image analysis","author":"Kalervo","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0150","first-page":"37","article-title":"Integrated information framework based on facilities and urban services for ensuring data interoperability of smart city","volume":"26","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1061\/JMENEA.MEENG-5143","article-title":"Deep learning \u2013 based automated generation of material data with object \u2013 space relationships for scan to BIM","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Management in Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122932","article-title":"Automated door placement in architectural plans through combined deep-learning networks of ResNet-50 and Pix2Pix-GAN","volume":"244","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116401","article-title":"BIM-IGL: A BIM-based framework for automated conceptual design integrating generative design and life cycle assessment","volume":"347","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-8983-6_34","article-title":"Semantic 3D city modeling and BIM","author":"Kolbe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban Book Series"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2012.12.003","article-title":"Multi-image 3D reconstruction data evaluation","volume":"15","author":"Koutsoudis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cultural Heritage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latha, H., Patil, S., & Kini, P. G. (2023). Influence of architectural space layout and building perimeter on the energy performance of buildings: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 14(3 (September 2023)), 431\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40095-022-00522-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40095-022-00522-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0185","article-title":"Semi-supervised learning from street-view images and OpenStreetMap for automatic building height estimation","volume":"277","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1080\/15583058.2024.2330942","article-title":"Streamlining FE and BIM modeling for historic buildings with point cloud transformation","volume":"19","author":"Lo Presti","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Architectural Heritage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0195","unstructured":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (2022). Smart Construction Promotion Plan (S-Construction 2030). https:\/\/www.molit.go.kr\/portal.do."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12885","article-title":"Convolution network model based leaf disease detection using augmentation techniques","volume":"39","author":"Nagaraju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0205","unstructured":"Naver. (2024). Naver Maps. https:\/\/map.naver.com\/p?c=15.00,0,0,0,dh."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40327-018-0062-9","article-title":"Window detection in facade images for risk assessment in tunneling","volume":"6","author":"Neuhausen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Visualization in Engineering."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13372","article-title":"Procedural modeling of a building from a single image","volume":"37","author":"Nishida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computer Graphics Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2021.111385","article-title":"Optimisation of multi-residential building retrofit, cost-optimal and net-zero emission targets","volume":"252","author":"Panagiotidou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0001055","article-title":"Deep learning\u2013based automation of scan-to-BIM with modeling objects from occluded point clouds","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Management in Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103841","article-title":"Scan planning for existing buildings without BIM based on user-defined data quality requirements and genetic algorithm","volume":"130","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0235","first-page":"779","article-title":"You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection","author":"Redmon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2023.102114","article-title":"An ontology-based methodology to establish city information model of digital twin city by merging BIM, GIS and IoT","volume":"57","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Engineering Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0245","first-page":"807","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization model for urban road maintenance planning using BIM, GIS, and DCE","author":"Sining","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2019.101424","article-title":"Automated reconstruction of 3D input data for noise simulation","volume":"80","author":"Stoter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.105280","article-title":"Fa\u00e7ade feature extraction for urban performance assessments: Evaluating algorithm applicability across diverse building morphologies","volume":"105","author":"Tarkhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"issue":"380","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/00396265.2020.1838761","article-title":"Indoor space as the basis for modelling of buildings in a 3D Cadastre","volume":"53","author":"Tekavec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Survey Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0265","unstructured":"United Nations. (2022). World Cities Report 2022: Envisaging the Future of Cities. https:\/\/unhabitat.org\/world-cities-report-2022-envisaging-the-future-of-cities."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_bib336","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Transportation (2015). U.S. Department of Transportation launches Smart City Challenge to create a city of the future. https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/briefing-room\/us-department-transportation-launches-smart-city-challenge-create-city-future."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2013.10.023","article-title":"Building Information Modeling (BIM) for existing buildings \u2014 Literature review and future needs","volume":"38","author":"Volk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0285","first-page":"8798","article-title":"High-resolution image synthesis and semantic manipulation with conditional GANs","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103968","article-title":"Automatic detection of unreinforced masonry buildings from street view images using deep learning-based image segmentation","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103474","article-title":"Machine learning-based regional scale intelligent modeling of building information for natural hazard risk management","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-016-0279-x","article-title":"Free multi-floor indoor space extraction from complex 3D building models","volume":"10","author":"Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth Science Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.129180","article-title":"A WebGIS-based digital twin platform for intelligent operation and maintenance of rail transit infrastructure","volume":"296","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0300","first-page":"2021","article-title":"City information modeling: State of the art","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2020.101245","article-title":"Semantic enrichment of building and city information models: A ten-year review","volume":"47","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advanced Engineering Informatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10666-024-09986-6","article-title":"Urban Heat Island From A 3d modeling perspective\u2014A review","volume":"29","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Modeling & Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103082","article-title":"Automatic layer classification method-based elevation recognition in architectural drawings for reconstruction of 3D BIM models","volume":"113","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2020.11.011","article-title":"Automatic 3D building reconstruction from multi-view aerial images with deep learning","volume":"171","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.102539","article-title":"Generation of hospital emergency department layouts based on generative adversarial networks","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Building Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103750","article-title":"Reconstructing BIM from 2D structural drawings for existing buildings","volume":"128","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872_b0335","series-title":"2024 IEEE 5th International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning","article-title":"Research on generative design of pocket park layout based on machine learning","author":"Zhou","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426027806?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417426027806?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T03:52:01Z","timestamp":1793677921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0957417426027806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0957417426027806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Automated generation of city-scale BIM models from street view images with deep learning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2026.133872","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"133872"}}