{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T02:03:38Z","timestamp":1780020218901,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023TQ07A264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TQ07A264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFA0909100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFA0909100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Future Generation Computer Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:55:36Z","timestamp":1774486536000},"page":"108499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["MTC-SBC: Reputation-based service provision for multi-tier computing-enabled sharded blockchain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1753-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Monjurul","family":"Karim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5814-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashif","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8817-1629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Muzammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujit","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0001","unstructured":"<sep>Mobile Data Traffic Forecast: Ericsson Mobility Report, Accessed 27 August 2025."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3430368","article-title":"A survey on intelligent internet of things: applications, security, privacy, and future directions","volume":"27","author":"Aouedi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3227102","article-title":"Task offloading with multi-Tier computing resources in next generation wireless networks","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0004","article-title":"ReMEC: reliability-aware scheduling of mixed-Criticality IoT tasks in DVFS-enabled multi-Tier edge computing","author":"Islam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2022.3180831","article-title":"Intelligent and collaborative orchestration of network slices","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2023.3345634","article-title":"A blockchain system for QoS monitoring in decentralized edge computing","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0007","article-title":"Bitcoin reimagined: a comprehensive study of ordinals and inscriptions protocols for web3 asset innovation","author":"Karim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blockchain: Res. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0008","series-title":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain","first-page":"237","article-title":"Repshard: reputation-based sharding scheme achieves linearly scaling efficiency and security simultaneously","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3179875","article-title":"A trust and reputation system for IoT service interactions","volume":"19","author":"Battah","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0010","series-title":"ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security","first-page":"931","article-title":"Rapidchain: scaling blockchain via full sharding","author":"Zamani","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3583898","article-title":"Blockchain assisted secure embedding of virtual networks in multi-Domain elastic optical network","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3028449","article-title":"Repchain: a reputation-Based secure, fast, and high incentive blockchain system via sharding","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25706","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3380850","article-title":"Lightweight trust management scheme based on blockchain in resource-Constrained intelligent IoT systems","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0014","first-page":"2241","article-title":"Time-constrained service handoff for mobile edge computing in 5g","volume":"16","author":"Sharghivand","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0015","article-title":"A function-as-a-Service middleware for decentralized collaborative edge computing","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2024.3355937","article-title":"Hierarchical deep reinforcement learning for joint service caching and computation offloading in mobile edge-Cloud computing","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0017","article-title":"Zero-Trust blockchain-Enabled framework for scalable and secure IoT networks","author":"Salim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2025.107756","article-title":"Research on transaction allocation strategy in blockchain state sharding","volume":"168","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0019","article-title":"TRADE-5G: A blockchain-based transparent and secure resource exchange for 5G network slicing","volume":"6","author":"Diallo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blockchain: Res. Appl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2025.3562874","article-title":"Blockchain-Based cross-Operator network slice authentication protocol for 5G communication","volume":"22","author":"Yadav","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0021","series-title":"Database Systems for Advanced Applications","first-page":"666","article-title":"Proof of reputation: a reputation-based consensus protocol for peer-to-peer network","author":"Gai","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0022","series-title":"ACM on Access Control Models and Technologies, New York, NY, USA","first-page":"77","article-title":"A blockchain-Based trust system for the internet of things","author":"Di Pietro","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2894944","article-title":"Toward secure blockchain-Enabled internet of vehicles: optimizing consensus management using reputation and contract theory","volume":"68","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3131388","article-title":"Design of a two layered blockchain-Based reputation system in vehicular networks","volume":"71","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2024.07.007","article-title":"DBPBFT: A hierarchical PBFT consensus algorithm with dual blockchain for IoT","volume":"162","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.08.005","article-title":"Porx: a reputation incentive scheme for blockchain consensus of IIot","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2024.107705","article-title":"Secure blockchain-based reputation system for IIoT-enabled retail industry with resistance to sybil attack","volume":"166","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2019.2900648","article-title":"Repucoin: your reputation is your power","volume":"68","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0029","article-title":"Efficient complex task offloading in blockchain-secured edge computing using a many-objective evolutionary algorithm","volume":"174","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36807","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3566952","article-title":"Optimizing resource allocation and energy efficiency in vehicle mobile edge computing with blockchain integration","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15853","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3529723","article-title":"TRBFT: An efficient blockchain consensus for edge computing-Enabled IoT systems","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0032","series-title":"IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy","first-page":"583","article-title":"Omniledger: a secure, scale-Out, decentralized ledger via sharding","author":"Kokoris-Kogias","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78100","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2884764","article-title":"A game-Theoretic analysis of shard-Based permissionless blockchains","volume":"6","author":"Manshaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0034","series-title":"USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","first-page":"95","article-title":"Monoxide: scale out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones","author":"Wang","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0035","series-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pyramid: a layered sharding blockchain system","author":"Hong","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2020.3009610","article-title":"Polyshard: coded sharding achieves linearly scaling efficiency and security simultaneously","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2022.3231619","article-title":"Service-aware dynamic sharding approach for scalable blockchain","volume":"16","author":"Set","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2025.107982","article-title":"A fault-Tolerant sharding mechanism for resilience and scalability in blockchain using backup pool","volume":"174","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8011","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2025.3554568","article-title":"Cloud-Edge-End collaborative computing-Enabled intelligent sharding blockchain for industrial IoT based on PPO approach","volume":"24","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0040","series-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference","first-page":"1194","article-title":"Moose: a scalable blockchain architecture for 5G enabled IoT with sharding and network slicing","author":"Bandara","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3110057","article-title":"Netchain: a blockchain-Enabled privacy-Preserving multi-Domain network slice orchestration architecture","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18079","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3161838","article-title":"Sliceblock: context-aware authentication handover and secure network slicing using DAG-blockchain in edge-assisted SDN\/NFV-6G environment","volume":"9","author":"Abdulqadder","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0043","article-title":"Poisoning-Resilient federated learning for MEC-Iot environments using blockchain","author":"Garcia-Saez","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Internet Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2025.3540159","article-title":"Trustworthy reputation for federated learning in o-ran using blockchain and smart contracts","volume":"6","author":"Javed","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0045","article-title":"Federated learning with privacy protection and incentive mechanisms based on edge computing","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Gen. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0046","series-title":"2014 44th Annual IEEE\/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks","first-page":"355","article-title":"State machine replication for the masses with BFT-SMART","author":"Bessani","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3240301","article-title":"Blockchain-based computing resource trading in autonomous multi-access edge network slicing: a dueling double deep Q-learning approach","volume":"20","author":"Kwantwi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4888","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3194078","article-title":"Blockchain-Based service orchestration for 5G vertical industries in multicloud environment","volume":"19","author":"Zeydan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3173928","article-title":"Blockchain-based network slice broker to facilitate factory-as-a-service","volume":"19","author":"Hewa","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3124046","article-title":"Blockchain-enabled resource trading and deep reinforcement learning-Based autonomous RAN slicing in 5G","volume":"19","author":"Boateng","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0051","first-page":"1","article-title":"Consortium blockchain-Based spectrum trading for network slicing in 5G RAN: a multi-Agent deep reinforcement learning approach","author":"Boateng","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0052","series-title":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning for edge computing resource allocation in blockchain network slicing broker framework","author":"Gong","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000489","article-title":"Network slicing for 5G with UE state based allocation and blockchain approach","volume":"35","author":"Gorla","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1109\/TSUSC.2023.3283615","article-title":"An enhanced cross-Network-Slice authentication protocol for 5G","volume":"8","author":"Yadav","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sustainable Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2200665","article-title":"Make rental reliable: blockchain-Based network slice management framework with SLA guarantee","volume":"61","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2024.3453709","article-title":"Dynamic fine-grained SLA management for 6G eMBB-plus slice using mDNN & smart contracts","volume":"17","author":"Bukhari","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3768149","article-title":"Lightweight consensus in blockchain: a systematic literature review","volume":"58","author":"Chacko","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19412","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3151150","article-title":"Distributed ledger technologies for network slicing: a survey","volume":"10","author":"Javed","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3241136","article-title":"Communitychain: toward a scalable blockchain in smart home","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0060","unstructured":"3GPP, Study on Management and Orchestration of Network Slicing for next Generation Network, 3GPP TR 28.801 V15.1.0, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2024.3414371","article-title":"Optifog: a framework for acquiring state information and predicting resource availability for task offloading in cooperative fog-Networks","author":"Alam","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499_bib0062","series-title":"Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA)","first-page":"13","article-title":"Power provisioning for a warehouse-sized computer","author":"Fan","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Future Generation Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167739X26001330?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167739X26001330?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T01:39:10Z","timestamp":1780018750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167739X26001330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0167739X26001330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-739X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-739X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MTC-SBC: Reputation-based service provision for multi-tier computing-enabled sharded blockchain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Future Generation Computer Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2026.108499","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108499"}}