{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T01:01:03Z","timestamp":1781053263450,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003077","name":"Knowledge Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100028466","name":"Power","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100028466","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003170","name":"Knowledge Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Future Generation Computer Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:12:03Z","timestamp":1779289923000},"page":"108599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A modular multi-agent pipeline framework for large-scale code translation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4370-5981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibo","family":"Bruneel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4572-7536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandu","family":"Crucerescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7565-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Welf","family":"L\u00f6we","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1173-5187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan","family":"Ericsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2736-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Perez-Palacin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0510-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Nordqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b1","series-title":"Evaluating Accuracy and Development Effort of Code Translated with Transpilers and LLMs: Focusing on Delphi to C#","author":"Crucerescu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b2","series-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","author":"Brown","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b3","series-title":"Finetuned language models are zero-shot learners","author":"Wei","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b4","series-title":"A prompt pattern catalog to enhance prompt engineering with ChatGPT","author":"White","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b5","series-title":"Chain-of-Thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models","author":"Wei","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b6","series-title":"Large language models are zero-shot reasoners","author":"Kojima","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b7","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","first-page":"68539","article-title":"Toolformer: Language models can teach themselves to use tools","volume":"Vol. 36","author":"Schick","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b8","series-title":"ToolLLM: Facilitating large language models to master 16000+ Real-world APIs","author":"Qin","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b9","series-title":"ReAct: Synergizing reasoning and acting in language models","author":"Yao","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b10","series-title":"Reflexion: Language agents with verbal reinforcement learning","author":"Shinn","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b11","series-title":"Evaluating large language models trained on code","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b12","series-title":"CodeBERT: A Pre-Trained model for programming and natural languages","author":"Feng","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b13","series-title":"Teaching large language models to Self-Debug","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b14","series-title":"Debug like a human: A large language model debugger via verifying runtime execution Step-by-step","author":"Zhong","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b15","series-title":"Self-Refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback","author":"Madaan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b16","series-title":"SWE-agent: Agent-Computer interfaces enable automated software engineering","author":"Yang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b17","series-title":"RepairAgent: An Autonomous, LLM-Based Agent for Program Repair","author":"Bouzenia","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3712003","article-title":"LLM-Based multi-agent systems for software engineering: Literature review, vision, and the road ahead","volume":"34","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b19","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","first-page":"51991","article-title":"CAMEL: Communicative agents for \u201cMind\u201d exploration of large language model society","volume":"Vol. 36","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b20","series-title":"AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviors","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b21","series-title":"ChatDev: Communicative Agents for Software Development","author":"Qian","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b22","series-title":"MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework","author":"Hong","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b23","series-title":"2025 IEEE\/ACM Second International Conference on AI Foundation Models and Software Engineering (Forge)","first-page":"156","article-title":"AgileCoder: Dynamic collaborative agents for software development based on agile methodology","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b24","series-title":"TRANSAGENT: An LLM-based multi-agent system for code translation","author":"Yuan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b25","series-title":"Exploring and Unleashing the Power of Large Language Models in Automated Code Translation","author":"Yang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b26","series-title":"AgentCoder: Multi-Agent-based Code Generation with Iterative Testing and Optimisation","author":"Huang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b27","series-title":"Self-Organized agents: A LLM multi-agent framework toward ultra large-scale code generation and optimization","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b28","series-title":"A Unified Debugging Approach via LLM-Based Multi-Agent Synergy","author":"Lee","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b29","series-title":"Unlocking LLM Repair Capabilities in Low-Resource Programming Languages Through Cross-Language Translation and Multi-Agent Refinement","author":"Luo","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b30","series-title":"LangChain: The agent engineering platform","author":"Chase","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b31","series-title":"Agno: Framework for building multi-modal agents and workflows","author":"Agno","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b32","series-title":"AutoGen: Enabling next-gen LLM applications via multi-agent conversation","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b33","series-title":"CrewAI: Framework for orchestrating role-playing, autonomous AI agents","author":"Moura","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b34","series-title":"Agent2Agent (A2A) Protocol","author":"Google","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b35","series-title":"Building A Secure Agentic AI Application Leveraging A2A Protocol","author":"Habler","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b36","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","first-page":"20601","article-title":"Unsupervised translation of programming languages","volume":"Vol. 33","author":"Roziere","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b37","series-title":"StructCoder: Structure-Aware transformer for code generation","author":"Tipirneni","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b38","series-title":"Code translation with compiler representations","author":"Szafraniec","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b39","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lost in translation: A study of bugs introduced by large language models while translating code","author":"Pan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b40","series-title":"Syzygy: Dual code-test C to (safe) rust translation using LLMs and dynamic analysis","author":"Shetty","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b41","series-title":"Rectifier: Code translation with corrector via LLMs","author":"Yin","year":"2024"},{"issue":"FSE","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1145\/3729379","article-title":"AlphaTrans: A Neuro-Symbolic compositional approach for repository-level code translation and validation","volume":"2","author":"Ibrahimzada","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b43","series-title":"Evolving triple knowledge-augmented LLMs for code translation in repository context","author":"Ou","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b44","series-title":"Workshop on Machine Learning Operations","first-page":"48","article-title":"Automated code translation using an engineering-driven pipeline approach of language models","volume":"Vol. 4109","author":"Bruneel","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b45","series-title":"GPT-4o Platform Docs","author":"OpenAI","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b46","series-title":"New Features for the Gemini API and Google AI Studio","author":"Google-DeepMind","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b47","series-title":"LLaMA 4 and the Scout Model","author":"MetaAI","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b48","series-title":"GPT-5.2 Platform Docs","author":"OpenAI","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b49","series-title":"Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contexts","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9947-1953-0053041-6","article-title":"Classes of recursively enumerable sets and their decision problems","volume":"74","author":"Rice","year":"1953","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. Math. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599_b51","series-title":"Correct System Design, Recent Insight and Advances, (To Hans Langmaack on the Occasion of His Retirement from His Professorship At the University of Kiel)","first-page":"201","article-title":"Verification of compilers","author":"Goos","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Future Generation Computer Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167739X26002335?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167739X26002335?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:39:44Z","timestamp":1781051984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167739X26002335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0167739X26002335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-739X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-739X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A modular multi-agent pipeline framework for large-scale code translation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Future Generation Computer Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2026.108599","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108599"}}