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In this study, using a semiquantitative trilineage immune repertoire sequencing approach as well as under rigorous bioinformatic conditions, we identify highly complex TCR\u03b2 transcriptomes in human circulating monocytes and neutrophils that separately encode repertoire diversities one and two orders of magnitude smaller than that of T cells. Intraindividual transcriptomic analyses reveal that neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells express distinct TCR\u03b2 repertoires with less than 0.1% overall trilineage repertoire sharing. Interindividual comparison shows that in all three leukocyte lineages, the vast majority of the expressed TCR\u03b2 variants are private. We also find that differentiation of monocytes into macrophages induces dramatic individual-specific repertoire shifts, revealing a surprising degree of immune repertoire plasticity in the monocyte lineage. These results uncover the remarkable complexity of the two phagocyte-based flexible immune systems which until now has been hidden in the shadow of T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2019.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T03:50:52Z","timestamp":1614657052000},"page":"926-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trilineage Sequencing Reveals Complex TCR\u03b2 Transcriptomes in Neutrophils and Monocytes Alongside T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty Mannheim , D-68167 Mannheim , 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