{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:55:50Z","timestamp":1783090550121,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["High-Confidence Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T12:01:27Z","timestamp":1648382487000},"page":"100059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["When blockchain meets smart grids: A comprehensive survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3266-6002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0546-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0001","series-title":"2019 Sixth International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IOTSMS)","first-page":"412","article-title":"An architecture for blockchain based peer to peer energy trading","author":"Abdella","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37428","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2975233","article-title":"Blockchain enabled distributed demand side management in community energy system with smart homes","volume":"8","author":"Afzal","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0003","series-title":"2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia)","first-page":"2842","article-title":"Blockchain based domestic appliances scheduling in community microgrids","author":"Afzal","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0004","series-title":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM MobiHoc Workshop on Networking and Cybersecurity for Smart Cities","first-page":"1","article-title":"Energychain: Enabling energy trading for smart homes using blockchains in smart grid ecosystem","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0005","series-title":"2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards blockchain-based electricity trading system and cyber resilient microgrids","author":"Alam","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2020.05.012","article-title":"Blockchain-assisted access for federated smart grid domains: coupling and features","author":"Alcaraz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parallel Distribut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0007","article-title":"Smarter city: Smart energy grid based on blockchain technology","volume":"8","author":"Alessandra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Sci.Eng. Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4862","DOI":"10.3390\/s19224862","article-title":"Blockchain in smart grids: a review on different use cases","volume":"19","author":"Alladi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0009","series-title":"2019 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Decentralized optimal power flow in distribution networks using blockchain","author":"AlSkaif","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2018.10.014","article-title":"Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities","volume":"100","author":"Andoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0011","article-title":"A review of blockchain-based smart grid: applications, opportunities, and future directions","author":"Arjomand","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.05650"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0012","series-title":"2019 SoutheastCon","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain for power grids","author":"Banks","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0013","series-title":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Smartchain: a smart and scalable blockchain consortium for smart grid systems","author":"Bansal","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0014","series-title":"Blockchain-based Smart Grids","first-page":"195","article-title":"Blockchain-based protection schemes of dc microgrids","author":"Bayati","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5744","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3030308","article-title":"Designing blockchain-based access control protocol in iot-enabled smart-grid system","volume":"8","author":"Bera","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.05.006","article-title":"Best: Blockchain-based secure energy trading in sdn-enabled intelligent transportation system","volume":"85","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput.Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0017","series-title":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics (SOLI)","first-page":"219","article-title":"A framework of decentralized electricity market based on the collaborative mechanism of blockchain and edge computing","author":"Chen","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0018","series-title":"Blockchain-Based Smart Grids","first-page":"169","article-title":"Blockchain for decentralized optimization of energy sources: Ev charging coordination via blockchain-based charging power quota trading","author":"Chen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0019","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 The 2nd International Conference on Blockchain Technology","first-page":"120","article-title":"A blockchain-based privacy-preserving scheme for smart grids","author":"Chen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0020","series-title":"2019 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Networked microgrid security and privacy enhancement by the blockchain-enabled internet of things approach","author":"Dabbaghjamanesh","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6426","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2904629","article-title":"Demand side load management for big industrial energy users under blockchain-based peer-to-peer electricity market","volume":"10","author":"Dang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0022","series-title":"2017 IEEE International Conference on SmartGridComm","first-page":"45","article-title":"Distributed proportional-fairness control in microgrids via blockchain smart contracts","author":"Danzi","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0023","series-title":"2018 IEEE international Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain-based and multi-layered electricity imbalance settlement architecture","author":"Danzi","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0024","series-title":"2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Real-time autonomous trading in the electricity-and-heat distribution market based on blockchain","author":"Deng","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0025","series-title":"EEEIC\/I&CPS Europe","first-page":"1","article-title":"An energy blockchain, a use case on tendermint","author":"Di Silvestre","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7310","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2909496","article-title":"Ancillary services in the energy blockchain for microgrids","volume":"55","author":"Di Silvestre","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2806357","article-title":"A technical approach to the energy blockchain in microgrids","volume":"14","author":"Di Silvestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0028","series-title":"2020 IEEE Power & ISGT","first-page":"1","article-title":"A transactive grid with microgrids using blockchain for the energy internet","author":"Dimobi","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49206","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068730","article-title":"Peer-to-peer energy trading in smart grid through blockchain: A double auction-based game theoretic approach","volume":"9","author":"Doan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0030","series-title":"2020 IEEE KPEC","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain-enabled transactive home energy management systems in distribution networks","author":"Edmonds","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0031","series-title":"Blockchain-Based Smart Grids","first-page":"103","article-title":"Blockchain and its application fields in both power economy and demand side management","author":"Ereno\u011flu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35929","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2905298","article-title":"Consortium blockchain based data aggregation and regulation mechanism for smart grid","volume":"7","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2019.2922936","article-title":"Deepcoin: A novel deep learning and blockchain-based energy exchange framework for smart grids","volume":"67","author":"Ferrag","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0034","series-title":"2019 17th International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust (PST)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evchain: a blockchain-based credit sharing in electric vehicles charging","author":"Firoozjaei","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2893433","article-title":"Privacy-preserving energy trading using consortium blockchain in smart grid","volume":"15","author":"Gai","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7992","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2904303","article-title":"Permissioned blockchain and edge computing empowered privacy-preserving smart grid networks","volume":"6","author":"Gai","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9917","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2806303","article-title":"Gridmonitoring: Secured sovereign blockchain based monitoring on smart grid","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0038","series-title":"2019 IEEE ICC Workshops","first-page":"1","article-title":"An efficient blockchain-based hierarchical authentication mechanism for energy trading in v2g environment","author":"Garg","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0039","series-title":"Blockchain-based Smart Grids","first-page":"181","article-title":"Islanded microgrid management based on blockchain communication","author":"Gazafroudi","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0040","series-title":"IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","first-page":"6153","article-title":"Blockchain applications in microgrids an overview of current projects and concepts","author":"Goranovi\u0107","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2020.08.012","article-title":"Achieving efficient and privacy-preserving energy trading based on blockchain and abe in smart grid","volume":"147","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Parallel Distribut. Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700401","article-title":"Privacy-preserving and efficient aggregation based on blockchain for power grid communications in smart communities","volume":"56","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0043","article-title":"A blockchain based dual side privacy preserving multi party computation scheme for edge enabled smart grid","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/486\/1\/012046","article-title":"Distributed electric vehicle control model based on blockchain","volume":"486","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0045","article-title":"An architecture for distributed energies trading in byzantine-based blockchain","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.07341"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0046","article-title":"Combined cooling, heating, and power system in blockchain-enabled energy management","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.13416"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0047","series-title":"2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference","first-page":"1","article-title":"Smart contract-based campus demonstration of decentralized transactive energy auctions","author":"Hahn","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0048","series-title":"Blockchain-Based Smart Grids","first-page":"145","article-title":"Blockchain in decentralized demand-side control of microgrids","author":"Hajizadeh","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0049","article-title":"Optimizing blockchain based smart grid auctions: A green revolution","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.02583"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5799","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2967052","article-title":"A blockchain-based framework for lightweight data sharing and energy trading in v2g network","volume":"69","author":"Hassija","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66116","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2985577","article-title":"Joint operation mechanism of distributed photovoltaic power generation market and carbon market based on cross-chain trading technology","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0052","series-title":"2020 Asia Energy and Electrical Engineering Symposium (AEEES)","first-page":"919","article-title":"Blockchain-based distributed energy trading scheme","author":"He","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0054","series-title":"2017 13Th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (Icnc-Fskd)","first-page":"3004","article-title":"A resolution of sharing private charging piles based on smart contract","author":"Hou","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0055","series-title":"2019 International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A blockchain-based peer-to-peer trading scheme coupling energy and carbon markets","author":"Hua","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13565","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2812176","article-title":"Lnsc: A security model for electric vehicle and charging pile management based on blockchain ecosystem","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0057","series-title":"2019 16th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)","first-page":"126","article-title":"Development of reliable wireless communication system for secure blockchain-based energy trading","author":"Huang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0058","first-page":"5901","article-title":"Load balancing in decentralized smart grid trade system using blockchain","volume":"35","author":"Inayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0059","series-title":"2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC)","first-page":"628","article-title":"Blockchain-based energy transaction model for electric vehicles in v2g network","author":"Islam","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39193","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3060457","article-title":"Peer-to-peer energy trading mechanism based on blockchain and machine learning for sustainable electrical power supply in smart grid","volume":"9","author":"Jamil","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0061","series-title":"2019 20th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study on utilization of hybrid blockchain for energy sharing in micro-grid","author":"Jeon","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900008","article-title":"Blockchain empowered wireless power transfer for green and secure internet of things","volume":"33","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.02.002","article-title":"Survivor: A blockchain based edge-as-a-service framework for secure energy trading in SDN-enabled vehicle-to-grid environment","volume":"153","author":"Jindal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0064","series-title":"2018 3rd ICCCS","first-page":"472","article-title":"A blockchain-based energy trading platform for smart homes in a microgrid","author":"Kang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2709784","article-title":"Enabling localized peer-to-peer electricity trading among plug-in hybrid electric vehicles using consortium blockchains","volume":"13","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3068092","article-title":"Blockchain-based cyber-physical security for electrical vehicle aided smart grid ecosystem","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport.Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2021.107171","article-title":"An effective secured peer-to-peer energy market based on blockchain architecture for the interconnected microgrid and smart grid","volume":"132","author":"Kavousi-Fard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Electric. Power Energy Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2957140","article-title":"A privacy-preserving-framework-based blockchain and deep learning for protecting smart power networks","volume":"16","author":"Keshk","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0069","first-page":"1","article-title":"A blockchain-based solution to control power losses in pakistan","author":"Khalid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0070","article-title":"Lightweight blockchain framework for location-aware peer-to-peer energy trading","author":"Khorasany","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.14520"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0071","series-title":"Advances in Computers","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.adcom.2018.03.010","article-title":"Blockchain for a trust network among intelligent vehicles","volume":"volume 111","author":"Kim","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201926001001","article-title":"Security issues on smart grid and blockchain-based secure smart energy management system","volume":"260","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"MATEC Web of Conferences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0073","series-title":"Sustainable Cloud and Energy Services","first-page":"85","article-title":"Privacy-preserving smart grid tariff decisions with blockchain-based smart contracts","author":"Knirsch","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0074","series-title":"2017 International Conference in Energy and Sustainability in Small Developing Economies (ES2DE)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fostering consumers\u2019 energy market through smart contracts","author":"Kounelis","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900660","article-title":"When blockchain meets smart grid: Secure energy trading in demand response management","author":"Kumari","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0076","series-title":"IEEE INFOCOM WKSHPS","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Et-deal: A p2p smart contract-based secure energy trading scheme for smart grid systems","author":"Kumari","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0077","series-title":"2018 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM)","first-page":"550","article-title":"Blockchain and smart metering towards sustainable prosumers","author":"Lazaroiu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.114613","article-title":"An integrated blockchain-based energy management platform with bilateral trading for microgrid communities","volume":"263","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0079","series-title":"2018 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain-based microgrid market and trading mechanism","author":"Li","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0080","series-title":"2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A blockchain-based distributed non-cooperative transactive energy market","author":"Li","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2019.2917335","article-title":"Decentralized on-demand energy supply for blockchain in internet of things: a microgrids approach","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102189","article-title":"A lightweight privacy-preserving and sharing scheme with dual-blockchain for intelligent pricing system of smart grid","volume":"103","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput.Secur."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6564","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2974537","article-title":"Blockchain-enabled secure energy trading with verifiable fairness in industrial internet of things","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2958971","article-title":"An iterative two-layer optimization charging and discharging trading scheme for electric vehicle using consortium blockchain","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2990732","article-title":"A consortium blockchain-enabled secure and privacy-preserving optimized charging and discharging trading scheme for electric vehicles","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.04.132","article-title":"Design and management of a distributed hybrid energy system through smart contract and blockchain","volume":"248","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0087","first-page":"3690","article-title":"Consortium blockchain for secure energy trading in industrial internet of things","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2018.2819663","article-title":"Distributed blockchain-based data protection framework for modern power systems against cyber attacks","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0089","series-title":"International Conference on Smart Grid Inspired Future Technologies","first-page":"64","article-title":"Blockchain based energy trading model for electric vehicle charging schemes","author":"Liu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0090","first-page":"1","article-title":"Peer-to-peer electricity trading system: smart contracts based proof-of-benefit consensus protocol","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0091","series-title":"2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Proof-of-benefit: a blockchain-enabled ev charging scheme","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25657","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2835309","article-title":"Adaptive blockchain-based electric vehicle participation scheme in smart grid platform","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160546","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951057","article-title":"Electric vehicle power trading mechanism based on blockchain and smart contract in v2g network","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0094","series-title":"E3S Web of Conferences","first-page":"01014","article-title":"Application of blockchain in integrated energy system transactions","volume":"volume 165","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0095","series-title":"2013 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Denial-of-service (dos) attacks on load frequency control in smart grids","author":"Liu","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0096","series-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","first-page":"022129","article-title":"Privacy protection of the smart grid system based on blockchain","volume":"volume 1744","author":"Liu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0097","series-title":"Blockchain-based Smart Grids","first-page":"43","article-title":"Transition toward blockchain-based electricity trading markets","author":"Lotfi","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2020.3048822","article-title":"Edge blockchain assisted lightweight privacy-preserving data aggregation for smart grid","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv.Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0099","series-title":"HPCC\/SmartCity\/DSS","first-page":"1839","article-title":"A secure and efficient renewable energy trading scheme based on blockchain in smart grid","author":"Lu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173817","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957211","article-title":"Blockchain-based distributed energy trading in energy internet: an SDN approach","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4097","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2018.2876612","article-title":"A distributed electricity trading system in active distribution networks based on multi-agent coalition and blockchain","volume":"34","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0102","series-title":"2017 AEIT International Annual Conference","first-page":"1","article-title":"Crypto-trading: blockchain-oriented energy market","author":"Mannaro","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0103","series-title":"Workshops of the International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications","first-page":"766","article-title":"An enhanced blockchain-based data management scheme for microgrids","author":"Mbarek","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0104","series-title":"2019 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Decentralized electricity transaction mechanism in distribution network based on blockchain technology","author":"Meng","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0105","article-title":"Blockchain for future smart grid: a comprehensive survey","author":"Mollah","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0106","series-title":"2017 IEEE conference on control technology and applications (CCTA)","first-page":"2164","article-title":"Blockchains for decentralized optimization of energy resources in microgrid networks","author":"M\u00fcnsing","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86746","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2920682","article-title":"Blockchain applications in smart grid-review and frameworks","volume":"7","author":"Musleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2021.103074","article-title":"A trustworthy and incentivized smart grid energy trading framework using distributed ledger and smart contracts","volume":"183","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0109","series-title":"2017 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain: a path to grid modernization and cyber resiliency","author":"Mylrea","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0110","series-title":"2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transactive energy management with blockchain smart contracts for p2p multi-settlement markets","author":"Nakayama","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143777","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3012389","article-title":"A blockchain-enhanced transaction model for microgrid energy trading","volume":"8","author":"Okoye","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0112","unstructured":"Online, The brooklyn microgrid: blockchain-enabled community power, ([Online]a), Available: https:\/\/www.brooklyn.energy\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0113","unstructured":"Online, Btl and interbit, ([Online]b), Available: http:\/\/btl.co\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0114","unstructured":"Online, A cloud-based platform for EV load management and optimization, ([Online]c), Available: https:\/\/evcharging.enelx.com\/products\/juicenet-software\/juicenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0115","unstructured":"Online, Dao ipci: Blockchain technology for carbon markets, environmental assets and liabilities, ([Online]d), Available: https:\/\/ipci.io\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0116","unstructured":"Online, Electron, ([Online]e), Available: https:\/\/www.electron.org.uk\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0117","unstructured":"Online, Eneco, ([Online]f), Available: https:\/\/www.eneco.nl\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0118","unstructured":"Online, Energo boost clean energy prod via qtum blockchain implementation in philippines, ([Online]g), Available: https:\/\/www.saurenergy.com\/solar-energy-news\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0119","unstructured":"Online, Energy web foundation, ([Online]h), Available: https:\/\/www.energyweb.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0120","unstructured":"Online, Final report summary - scanergy, ([Online]i), Available: https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/324321\/reporting."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0121","unstructured":"Online, Global grid launches blockchain technology for solar in mexico, ([Online]j), Available: https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2018\/05\/10\/global-grid-launches-blockchain-technology-for-solar-in-mexico\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0122","unstructured":"Online, Grid singularity, ([Online]k), Available: https:\/\/gridsingularity.com\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0123","unstructured":"Online, Iberdrola uses blockchain to track renewable energy, ([Online]l), Available: https:\/\/www.greentechmedia.com\/articles\/read\/iberdrola-uses-blockchain-to-authenticate-green-energy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0124","unstructured":"Online, Ideo colab solar panel, ([Online]m), Available: https:\/\/www.8btc.com\/article\/107633."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0125","unstructured":"Online, In the city of fremantle using the power ledger platform, ([Online]n), Available: https:\/\/www.zdnet.com\/article\/city-of-fremantle-readies-au8m-energy-and-water-blockchain-project\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0126","unstructured":"Online, Israel-u.s. clean energy projects, ([Online]o), Available: https:\/\/www.smart-energy.com\/industry-sectors\/new-technology\/6-million-investment-planned-for-israel-u-s-clean-energy-projects\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0127","unstructured":"Online, Lef in hoog dalem: Layered energy system applied, ([Online]p), Available: https:\/\/www.energy21.com\/portfolio-item\/layered-energy-system\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0128","unstructured":"Online, New tools for carbon asset development and management, energy chain technology and ibm use blockchain technology to help a low-carbon future, ([Online]q), Available: https:\/\/www.8btc.com\/article\/109710."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0129","unstructured":"Online, Oxygen-initiative, ([Online]r), Available: https:\/\/www.crunchbase.com\/organization\/oxygen-initiative."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0130","unstructured":"Online, Poseidon foundation, ([Online]s), Available: https:\/\/poseidon.eco\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0131","unstructured":"Online, Share & charge, ([Online]t), Available: https:\/\/shareandcharge.com\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0132","unstructured":"Online, Solarbankers, ([Online]u), Available: https:\/\/solarbankers.com\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0133","unstructured":"Online, Suncontract, ([Online]v), Available: https:\/\/suncontract.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0134","unstructured":"Online, Tennet, ([Online]w), Available: https:\/\/www.tennet.eu\/news\/detail\/tennet-continuing-with-blockchain-after-successful-pilots\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0135","unstructured":"Online, Tepco looks to the transformative potential of blockchain by investing in electron, a uk energy technology company, ([Online]x), Available: https:\/\/www.tepco.co.jp\/en\/hd\/newsroom\/announcements\/archives\/2018\/an180119-01-e.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0136","unstructured":"Online, We support the european wholesale market since the year 2004, ([Online]y), Available: https:\/\/www.ponton.de\/b2b-integration\/energy\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0137","unstructured":"Online, X-solar, ([Online]z), Available: https:\/\/xsolarsystems.com\/."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0138","first-page":"3672","article-title":"Preliminary applications of blockchain technique in large consumers direct power trading","volume":"37","author":"Ouyang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. CSEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0139","first-page":"4666","article-title":"Study of blockchain based smart grid for energy optimization","volume":"44","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0140","series-title":"2019 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC)","first-page":"322","article-title":"Blockchain based smart energy trading platform using smart contract","author":"Pee","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2019.000393","article-title":"Coordinating EV charging via blockchain","volume":"8","author":"Ping","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Modern Power Syst. Clean Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0142","series-title":"2018 international conference and utility exhibition on green energy for sustainable development (ICUE)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A blockchain-based platform for exchange of solar energy: Laboratory-scale implementation","author":"Pipattanasomporn","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0143","series-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2018 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC\/I&CPS Europe)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distributed solar self-consumption and blockchain solar energy exchanges on the public grid within an energy community","author":"Plaza","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119621201.ch14","article-title":"Trading energy as a digital asset: A blockchain-based energy market","author":"Pop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryptocurr. Blockchain Technol.Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010162","article-title":"Blockchain based decentralized management of demand response programs in smart energy grids","volume":"18","author":"Pop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0146","series-title":"2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","first-page":"3153","article-title":"False data injection attacks with incomplete information against smart power grids","author":"Rahman","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0147","series-title":"2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A blockchain model for fair data sharing in deregulated smart grids","author":"Samuel","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0148","series-title":"2021 IEEE 11th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)","first-page":"1066","article-title":"Towards a secured blockchain-based smart grid","author":"Samy","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2018.07.012","article-title":"Energy demand side management within micro-grid networks enhanced by blockchain","volume":"228","author":"Sana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.102481","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on attacks, security issues and blockchain solutions for IoT and IIoT","volume":"149","author":"Sengupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030843","article-title":"A cost analysis of implementing a blockchain architecture in a smart grid scenario using sidechains","volume":"20","author":"Sestrem Och\u00f4a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0153","series-title":"2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC)","first-page":"7500","article-title":"A grid connection mechanism of large-scale distributed energy resources based on blockchain","author":"Shao","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8554","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2963325","article-title":"Secured energy trading using byzantine-based blockchain consensus","volume":"8","author":"Sheikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0155","series-title":"2019 International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microgrid energy management system for reducing required power reserves","author":"Shishkov","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0156","series-title":"2018 5th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)","first-page":"622","article-title":"Using blockchains to secure distributed energy exchange","author":"Shuaib","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0157","series-title":"2020 IEEE 17th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A blockchain-based mechanism for secure data exchange in smart grid protection systems","author":"Sikeridis","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2021.107209","article-title":"Blockchain and homomorphic encryption-based privacy-preserving data aggregation model in smart grid","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Electric. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0159","series-title":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","first-page":"200","article-title":"On the applicability of the gridnet protocol to smart grid environments","author":"Skowronski","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/en13061321","article-title":"Privacy-preserving peer-to-peer energy trading in blockchain-enabled smart grids using functional encryption","volume":"13","author":"Son","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0161","series-title":"Smart Trends in Computing and Communications","first-page":"31","article-title":"Business-driven blockchain-mempool model for cooperative optimization in smart grids","author":"St\u00fcbs","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0162","series-title":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain-based multi-tier double auctions for smart energy distribution grids","author":"St\u00fcbs","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4601","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2869297","article-title":"A secure charging scheme for electric vehicles with smart communities in energy blockchain","volume":"6","author":"Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0164","series-title":"2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain applicability using smart power management: Sealedgrid architecture","author":"Suciu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2992994","article-title":"Blockchain enhanced high-confidence energy sharing in internet of electric vehicles","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0166","series-title":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)","first-page":"201","article-title":"Blockchain-based electricity trading with digitalgrid router","author":"Tanaka","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5566430","article-title":"Multiauthority traceable ring signature scheme for smart grid based on blockchain","volume":"2021","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.4547","article-title":"Electroblocks: A blockchain-based energy trading scheme for smart grid systems","author":"Tanwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40866-018-0044-y","article-title":"Peer to peer energy trade among microgrids using blockchain based distributed coalition formation method","volume":"3","author":"Thakur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technol. Econ. Smart Grids Sustain. Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1049\/oap-cired.2017.0987","article-title":"Automation of the supplier role in the gb power system using blockchain-based smart contracts","volume":"2017","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"CIRED-Open Access Proceed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0171","series-title":"2018 INISTA","first-page":"1","article-title":"A secured and trusted demand response system based on blockchain technologies","author":"Tsolakis","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2020.2988904","article-title":"Blockchain-based energy trading in electric vehicle enabled microgrids","author":"Umoren","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Consumer Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0173","series-title":"International Conference on Business Information Systems","first-page":"217","article-title":"Blockchain-based management of shared energy assets using a smart contract ecosystem","author":"Utz","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0174","article-title":"Cooperative energy management of a community of smart-buildings: a blockchain approach","volume":"117","author":"Van Cutsem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Electric. Power\u00a0 Energy Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7300","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2919820","article-title":"Cybersecurity enhancement of power trading within the networked microgrids based on blockchain and directed acyclic graph approach","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/en13020390","article-title":"Research on bidding mechanism for power grid with electric vehicles based on smart contract technology","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2890213","article-title":"Bbars: Blockchain-based anonymous rewarding scheme for v2g networks","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0178","series-title":"2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A decentralized electricity transaction mode of microgrid based on blockchain and continuous double auction","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/en10121971","article-title":"A novel electricity transaction mode of microgrids based on blockchain and continuous double auction","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0180","series-title":"2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain-assisted crowdsourced energy systems","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2916565","article-title":"Energy crowdsourcing and peer-to-peer energy trading in blockchain-enabled smart grids","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.02.028","article-title":"Blockchain-based smart contract for energy demand management","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0183","series-title":"2018 IEEE 16th Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing","first-page":"323","article-title":"Contract based energy blockchain for secure electric vehicles charging in smart community","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3620","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2908497","article-title":"Bsis: Blockchain-based secure incentive scheme for energy delivery in vehicular energy network","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0185","series-title":"2019 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Circuits, Systems and Devices (ICCSD)","first-page":"106","article-title":"Optimal energy transaction ledger model for microgrid energy trading","author":"Warutai","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0186","series-title":"2017 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)","first-page":"810","article-title":"M2m blockchain: The case of demand side management of smart grid","author":"Wu","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0187","series-title":"The 11th IET International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management (APSCOM 2018)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Game mechanism design of smart contract for thermal power plants participating in wind power heating","author":"Wu","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2899617","article-title":"A survey of blockchain technology applied to smart cities: Research issues and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0189","series-title":"2017 2nd International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE)","first-page":"704","article-title":"Blockchain technology for electricity market in microgrid","author":"Xue","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0190","series-title":"2020 5th ACPEE","first-page":"907","article-title":"Design of blockchain-based trading mechanism under sharing mode of electric vehicle under smart grid","author":"Xue","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su12083385","article-title":"Blockchain based sustainable local energy trading considering home energy management and demurrage mechanism","volume":"12","author":"Yahaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0192","article-title":"Blockchain for transactive energy management of distributed energy resources in smart grid","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.02529"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0193","series-title":"2018 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED)","first-page":"2790","article-title":"Distributed energy transaction mechanism design based on smart contract","author":"Yu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0194","series-title":"2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT Asia)","first-page":"1598","article-title":"Dynamic pricing for microgrids energy transaction in blockchain-based ecosystem","author":"Yue","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151746","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2946794","article-title":"A privacy protection scheme of microgrid direct electricity transaction based on consortium blockchain and continuous double auction","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0196","article-title":"A privacy protection scheme of smart meter for decentralized smart home environment based on consortium blockchain","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Electric. Power\u00a0 Energy Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2012.2227342","article-title":"Time synchronization attack in smart grid: Impact and analysis","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0198","series-title":"2019 IEEE 3rd International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC)","first-page":"526","article-title":"Design of energy block chain system supporting electric vehicle charge and discharge trading","author":"Zhou","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0199","series-title":"2018 2nd IEEE conference on energy internet and energy system integration (EI2)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain and edge computing based vehicle-to-grid energy trading in energy internet","author":"Zhou","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2896323","article-title":"Secure and efficient vehicle-to-grid energy trading in cyber physical systems: integration of blockchain and edge computing","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybern."}],"container-title":["High-Confidence Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667295222000113?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667295222000113?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T08:39:59Z","timestamp":1757407199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667295222000113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":198,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2667295222000113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-2952"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-2952","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"When blockchain meets smart grids: A comprehensive survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"High-Confidence Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hcc.2022.100059","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shandong University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100059"}}