{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T04:00:42Z","timestamp":1781064042789,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013804","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information and Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:08:28Z","timestamp":1778818108000},"page":"105472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spiking neural P systems incorporating winner-take-all mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9732-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bifan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4033-6102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6004-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1999.1693","article-title":"Computing with membranes","volume":"61","author":"P\u0103un","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ic.2025.105277","article-title":"The computational properties of p systems with mutative membrane structures","volume":"303","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inf. Comput."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3233\/FUN-2006-712-308","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems","volume":"71","author":"Ionescu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fundam. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ic.2024.105179","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with mute rules","volume":"299","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Comput."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6227","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3134792","article-title":"Gated spiking neural p systems for time series forecasting","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0006","article-title":"When multi-Focus image fusion meets nonlinear spiking neural p systems","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ic.2025.105281","article-title":"Homogeneous spiking neural p systems with synaptic failure","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inf. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2024.3399755","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with microglia","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2023.05.007","article-title":"Evolution-communication spiking neural p systems with energy request rules","volume":"164","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0010","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with non-gated channels","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inf. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1989.1.3.334","article-title":"A winner-take-all mechanism based on presynaptic inhibition feedback","volume":"1","author":"Yuille","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00319-4","article-title":"The basal ganglia: a vertebrate solution to the selection problem?","volume":"89","author":"Redgrave","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0013","first-page":"6001","article-title":"Resilient multiple choice learning: a learned scoring scheme with application to audio scene analysis","volume":"36","author":"Letzelter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"issue":"7714","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0289-6","article-title":"Scaling up molecular pattern recognition with DNA-based winner-take-all neural networks","volume":"559","author":"Cherry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.10.016","article-title":"Dynamic threshold neural p systems","volume":"163","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s41965-020-00060-0","article-title":"Sequential dynamic threshold neural p systems","volume":"2","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Membr. Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2017.2726119","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with polarizations","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s41965-023-00119-8","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with polarizations and astrocytes","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Membr. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2021.08.008","article-title":"Computational power of sequential dendrite p systems","volume":"893","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theor. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2023.126522","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with myelin and dendritic spines","volume":"552","author":"Garcia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ic.2021.104786","article-title":"Computational completeness of sequential spiking neural p systems with inhibitory rules","volume":"281","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2023.08.013","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with lateral inhibition","volume":"167","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0023","first-page":"1","article-title":"Computational completeness of sequential spiking neural p systems with autapses with partial synchronization","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Membr. Comput."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065720500082","article-title":"Nonlinear spiking neural p systems","volume":"30","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3005538","article-title":"Numerical spiking neural p systems","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0026","article-title":"A survey of learning spiking neural p systems and a novel instance","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Unconv. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2023.119082","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with long-term potentiation and depression","volume":"640","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.127351","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with neuron permeability","volume":"576","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2022.3228931","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with communication on request and mute rules","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2022.02.025","article-title":"Computational completeness of spiking neural p systems with inhibitory rules for generating string languages","volume":"920","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theor. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s41965-024-00153-0","article-title":"Solving the SAT problem using spiking neural p systems with coloured spikes and division rules","volume":"6","author":"Paul","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Membr. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2022.3199767","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with enzymes","volume":"21","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. NanoBioscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-008-9091-y","article-title":"Uniform solutions to SAT and subset sum by spiking neural p systems","volume":"8","author":"Leporati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-011-4303-y","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with neuron division and budding","volume":"54","author":"Pan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. China Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"A solution to SAT with virus machines with pre-computed resources","author":"Orellana-Mart\u00edn","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Membr. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0036","article-title":"Autonomous spiking neural p systems with coupled neurons","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065725500352","article-title":"On the computational complexity of spiking neural membrane systems with colored spikes","author":"Grillo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0038","article-title":"A fault analysis method for three-phase induction motors based on spiking neural p systems","volume":"2021","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2025.111572","article-title":"A novel fault diagnosis method of smart grids based on artificial immune spiking neural p systems considering false data injection attacks","volume":"244","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065720500501","article-title":"Medical image fusion method based on coupled neural p systems in nonsubsampled shearlet transform domain","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106603","article-title":"Multi-focus image fusion with parameter adaptive dual channel dynamic threshold neural p systems","volume":"179","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0042","unstructured":"B. Li, Y. Lei, T. Bao, Y. Wang, L. Zhang, J. Liu, Neurodynamics-Driven Coupled Neural P Systems for Multi-Focus Image Fusion, (2025a). arXiv: 2509.17704."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0043","article-title":"When multi-focus image fusion meets nonlinear spiking neural p systems","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2023.3240174","article-title":"Hypergraph-based numerical neural-like p systems for medical image segmentation","volume":"34","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065724500217","article-title":"Modular spiking neural membrane systems for image classification","volume":"34","author":"Ermini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0046","series-title":"Spiking Neural P Systems: Theory, applications and implementations","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065722500551","article-title":"Enzymatic numerical spiking neural membrane systems and their application in designing membrane controllers","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065724500308","article-title":"Entropy-weighted numerical gradient optimization spiking neural system for biped robot control","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Neural Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0049","first-page":"1","article-title":"Applications of spiking neural p systems in cybersecurity","author":"Ple\u1e63a","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Membr. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2024.3377180","article-title":"New compact finite-Field arithmetic circuits over GF (p) based on spiking neural p systems with communication on request implemented in a low cost FPGA","volume":"16","author":"Rangel","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Embed. Syst. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0051","series-title":"2019IEEE International Fall Meeting on Communications and Computing (ROC&C)","first-page":"51","article-title":"Efficient FPGA implementation of circuits based on spiking neural p systems","author":"Pe\u00f1a","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0052","first-page":"279","article-title":"FPGA Implementation of numerical p systems","volume":"16","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Unconv. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.06.094","article-title":"GPU Implementation of evolving spiking neural p systems","volume":"503","author":"Gungon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-022-09914-1","article-title":"Gpu simulations of spiking neural p systems on modern web browsers","volume":"22","author":"Valdez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0055","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of hardware implementation of membrane computing models","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0056","series-title":"Membrane Computing: 12th International Conference, CMC 2011","first-page":"257","article-title":"A P\u2013Lingua based simulator for spiking neural p systems","author":"Mac\u00edas-Ramos","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0057","series-title":"Membrane computing models: implementations","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-022-09897-z","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems and their semantics in haskell","volume":"22","author":"Ciobanu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106913","article-title":"Arithmetic abilities of SNP systems with astrocytes producing calcium","volume":"183","author":"Aman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0060","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"3971","article-title":"Unsupervised salient object detection with spectral cluster voting","author":"Shin","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36728-1","article-title":"Spintronic leaky-integrate-fire spiking neurons with self-reset and winner-takes-all for neuromorphic computing","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0062","series-title":"NeurIPS Neural Information Processing Systems","article-title":"Neuronal competition groups with supervised STDP for spike-Based classification","author":"Goupy","year":"2024"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3511936","article-title":"Spiking variational policy gradient for brain inspired reinforcement learning","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0064","article-title":"Distributed dynamic task allocation for moving target tracking of networked mobile robots using k-WTA network","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3975(96)00080-1","article-title":"Small universal register machines","volume":"168","author":"Korec","year":"1996","journal-title":"Theor. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0066","unstructured":"M.R. Garey, D.S. Johnson, Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of NP-Completeness (1990)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2021.12.107","article-title":"Self-adapting spiking neural p systems with refractory period and propagation delay","volume":"589","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1162\/NECO_a_00022","article-title":"Spiking neural p systems with weights","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neural Comput."}],"container-title":["Information and Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890540126000696?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0890540126000696?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T03:20:14Z","timestamp":1781061614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890540126000696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S0890540126000696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-5401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-5401","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spiking neural P systems incorporating winner-take-all mechanism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information and Computation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ic.2026.105472","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105472"}}