{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T04:17:02Z","timestamp":1783138622595,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007480","name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025-GRIN-38441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-GRIN-38441"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Medical Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T06:45:04Z","timestamp":1780382704000},"page":"106517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A VR obstetric simulator based on the Novint Falcon haptic device: development and evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Ordo\u00f1o L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6832-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Pascual","family":"Molina Mass\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Garc\u00eda Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-324X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo S.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.142343","article-title":"Probing the multitargeted potency of theodrenaline and its comparative evaluation with crizotinib against transferase, hydrolase, signalling, and apoptosis-related proteins to overcome lung cancer drug resistance","volume":"308","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adts.202501550","article-title":"DrLungker: a deep ensemble learning framework for predicting anti-lung cancer compound activity and validating multitarget potency through watermap, DFT, MD simulations, and MM-GBSA analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ahmad","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Theory Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2025.104130","article-title":"Security and privacy of industrial big data: motivation, opportunities, and challenges","volume":"237","author":"Anjum","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0b013e3181e369bf","article-title":"Evaluating an automated haptic simulator designed for veterinary students to learn bovine rectal palpation","volume":"5","author":"Baillie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Simul. Healthc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0030","first-page":"101","article-title":"Preliminary development and evaluation of a bovine rectal palpation simulator for training veterinary students","volume":"11","author":"Baillie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cattle Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.32.1.79","article-title":"Integrating a bovine rectal palpation simulator into an undergraduate veterinary curriculum","volume":"32","author":"Baillie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-023-02864-5","article-title":"Fast soft-tissue deformations coupled with mixed reality toward the next-generation childbirth training simulator","volume":"61","author":"Ballit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1109\/10.790503","article-title":"Virtual reality-based training for the diagnosis of prostate cancer","volume":"46","author":"Burdea","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2010.19","article-title":"The role of haptics in medical training simulators: a survey of the state of the art","volume":"4","author":"Coles","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Haptics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0055","series-title":"Comparison of Simulated Ovary Palpation Training Over Different Skill Levels","author":"Crossan","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0060","series-title":"People and Computers XVI-Memorable yet Invisible: Proceedings of HCI 2002","first-page":"213","article-title":"Multi-session VR medical training: the HOPS simulator","author":"Crossan","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0065","series-title":"Obstetric Interventions","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0070","first-page":"111","article-title":"Modeling biologic soft tissues for haptic feedback with an hybrid multiresolution method","author":"Frisoli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2023.105139","article-title":"Early labour app: developing a practice-based mobile health application for digital early labour support","volume":"177","author":"Iwaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0090","first-page":"5","article-title":"Modern techniques of teaching bovine rectal palpation: opportunities, benefits and disadvantages of new educational devices","volume":"76","author":"Ja\u015bkowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Weter."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0933-3657(94)90036-1","article-title":"Dynamic force feedback in a virtual knee palpation","volume":"6","author":"Langrana","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0100","series-title":"The Future of Midwife Training: Towards a Virtual Reality Haptic Obstetric Simulator with Two Points of Contact","first-page":"187","author":"Luj\u00e1n Mill\u00e1n","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0105","series-title":"Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation (ACRA), Citeseer","first-page":"291","article-title":"Characterisation of the novint Falcon haptic device for application as a robot manipulator","author":"Martin","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0110","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","first-page":"216","article-title":"The development of glove-based interfaces with the TRES-D methodology","author":"Molina","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0115","series-title":"2006 7th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training","first-page":"786","article-title":"A virtual reality based simulator for gynecologic exam training","author":"Moraes","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0120","series-title":"Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 12","first-page":"281","article-title":"The delivery simulator: a new application of medical VR","author":"Obst","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0125","unstructured":"Oxford medical simulation, 2025, https:\/\/oxfordmedicalsimulation.com\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2962723","article-title":"Techniques and devices used in palpation simulation with haptic feedback","volume":"49","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0135","series-title":"IEEE Multimedia","first-page":"24","article-title":"The importance of the sense of touch in virtual and real environments","volume":"vol. 13","author":"Robles-De-La-Torre","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0140","series-title":"International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence","first-page":"97","article-title":"VR-based simulation for the learning of gynaecological examination","author":"dos Santos Machado","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-023-02031-3","article-title":"Comparative genomic assessment of members of genus tenacibaculum: an exploratory study","volume":"298","author":"Satyam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2787601","article-title":"Pneumatic actuation in haptic-enabled medical simulators: a review","volume":"6","author":"Talhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0155","unstructured":"UbiSim, 2025, https:\/\/www.ubisimvr.com\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.46","article-title":"Haptic palpation for medical simulation in virtual environments","volume":"18","author":"Ullrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0170","unstructured":"University of Bradford, Midwifery students benefit from newhigh-tech simulation equipment, 2023, https:\/\/www.bradford.ac.uk\/news\/archive\/2023\/midwifery-students-benefit-from-new-high-tech-simulation-equipment.php"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0180","unstructured":"Virtual medical coaching, 2025, https:\/\/www.virtualmedicalcoaching.com\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0185","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Association for Computing Machinery","article-title":"Using pseudo-stiffness to enrich the haptic experience in virtual reality","author":"Weiss","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517_bib0190","series-title":"2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)","first-page":"557","article-title":"A physics-based virtual reality simulation framework for neonatal endotracheal intubation","author":"Xiao","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Medical Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386505626002571?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1386505626002571?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:29:02Z","timestamp":1783135742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1386505626002571"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S1386505626002571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-5056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-5056","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A VR obstetric simulator based on the Novint Falcon haptic device: development and evaluation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Medical Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2026.106517","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106517"}}