{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T20:16:03Z","timestamp":1783196163603,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202208210120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202208210120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012841","name":"Shenyang Ligong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1010147001004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1010147001004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003816","name":"Huawei Technologies Co Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003816","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013099","name":"Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Fusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T16:20:49Z","timestamp":1779466849000},"page":"104492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["PhraseEx: Enhancing back-translation data augmentation with phrase-level extraction for neural machine translation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9813-217X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2866-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianrong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3312-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingfeng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0981-6677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5842-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4106-1099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadahiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3665244","article-title":"Neural machine translation for low-resource languages from a chinese-centric perspective: a survey","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Asian Low Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.106443","article-title":"A machine learning-based investigation utilizing the in-text features for the identification of dominant emotion in an email","volume":"208","author":"Halim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3480968","article-title":"Non-acted text and keystrokes database and learning methods to recognize emotions","volume":"18","author":"Tahir","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multim. Comput. Commun. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0004","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2017, December 4\u20139, 2017, Long Beach, CA, USA","first-page":"5998","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2019, 9\u201315 June 2019, Long Beach, California, USA","first-page":"5926","article-title":"MASS: masked sequence to sequence pre-training for language generation","volume":"97","author":"Song","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0006","first-page":"107:1","article-title":"Beyond english-centric multilingual machine translation","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179353","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3487352","article-title":"Recent advances in interactive machine translation with large language models","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0008","series-title":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2016, August 7\u201312, 2016, Berlin, Germany, Volume 1: Long Papers","article-title":"Improving neural machine translation models with monolingual data","author":"Sennrich","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1162\/089120103321337421","article-title":"A systematic comparison of various statistical alignment models","volume":"29","author":"Och","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Linguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0010","series-title":"Language models are unsupervised multitask learners","author":"Radford","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0011","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2020, NeurIPS 2020, December 6\u201312, 2020, Virtual","article-title":"Language models are few-shot learners","author":"Brown","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0012","first-page":"240:1","article-title":"PaLM: scaling language modeling with pathways","volume":"24","author":"Chowdhery","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0013","article-title":"GPT-4 Technical Report","volume":"abs\/2303.08774","year":"2023","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13245040","article-title":"A review of large language models: fundamental architectures, key technological evolutions, interdisciplinary technologies integration, optimization and compression techniques, applications, and challenges","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0015","unstructured":"DeepSeek-AI, et al., DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model, CoRR abs\/2405.04434(2024a). 2405.0443410.48550\/ARXIV.2405.04434."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0016","unstructured":"DeepSeek-AI, et al., DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report, CoRR abs\/2412.19437(2024b). 2412.1943710.48550\/ARXIV.2412.19437."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0017","series-title":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, July 6\u201312, 2002, Philadelphia, PA, USA","first-page":"311","article-title":"Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation","author":"Papineni","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0018","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT@EMNLP 2015, 17\u201318 September 2015, Lisbon, Portugal","first-page":"392","article-title":"ChrF: character n-gram F-score for automatic MT evaluation","author":"Popovic","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0019","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Machine Translation, WMT 2019, Florence, Italy, August 1\u20132, 2019 - Volume 1: Research Papers","first-page":"53","article-title":"Tagged back-translation","author":"Caswell","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0020","series-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2020, Barcelona, Spain (Online), December 8\u201313, 2020","first-page":"4334","article-title":"Filtering back-translated data in unsupervised neural machine translation","author":"Khatri","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0021","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2020, Online, November 16\u201320, 2020","first-page":"5884","article-title":"Iterative domain-repaired back-translation","author":"Wei","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0022","first-page":"1478","article-title":"A hybrid approach for improved low resource neural machine translation using monolingual data","volume":"29","author":"Abdulmumin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engineering Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0023","series-title":"9th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2021, Virtual Event, Austria, May 3\u20137, 2021","article-title":"Meta back-translation","author":"Pham","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0024","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL-HLT 2019, Minneapolis, MN, USA, June 2\u20137, 2019, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)","first-page":"1916","article-title":"Improving robustness of machine translation with synthetic noise","author":"Singh","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation, IWSLT 2017, Tokyo, Japan, December 14\u201315, 2017","first-page":"82","article-title":"Synthetic data for neural machine translation of spoken-Dialects","author":"Hassan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0026","series-title":"Proceedings of the 57Th Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2019, Florence, Italy, July 28- August 2, 2019, Volume 1: Long Papers","first-page":"1800","article-title":"Neural fuzzy repair: integrating fuzzy matches into neural machine translation","author":"Bult\u00e9","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0027","article-title":"Dictionary-based data augmentation for cross-domain neural machine translation","volume":"abs\/2004.02577","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0028","series-title":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2021, Toronto, on, Canada, June 6\u201311, 2021","first-page":"7553","article-title":"Sentence boundary augmentation for neural machine translation robustness","author":"Li","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0029","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second Conference on Machine Translation, WMT 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 7\u20138, 2017","first-page":"138","article-title":"Adapting neural machine translation with parallel synthetic data","author":"Chinea-Rios","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0030","first-page":"255","article-title":"A diverse data augmentation strategy for low-resource neural machine translation","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3464427","article-title":"Improving data augmentation for low-resource NMT guided by POS-tagging and paraphrase embedding","volume":"20","author":"Maimaiti","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Asian Low Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-022-01682-9","article-title":"Recurrent graph encoder for syntax-aware neural machine translation","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3477536","article-title":"Improving Chinese-Vietnamese neural machine translation with linguistic differences","volume":"21","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Asian Low Resour. Lang. Inf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0034","series-title":"Machine Translation","first-page":"58","article-title":"Phrase-based Chinese-Vietnamese pseudo-parallel sentence pair generation","author":"Zhai","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31449\/inf.v47i3.4761","article-title":"Low-resource neural machine translation improvement using data augmentation strategies","volume":"47","author":"Quoc","year":"2023","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app9102036","article-title":"Corpus augmentation for neural machine translation with Chinese-Japanese parallel corpora","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112123","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3323756","article-title":"An enhanced method for neural machine translation via data augmentation based on the self-constructed english-Chinese corpus, WCC-EC","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2025.130832","article-title":"PhraseBT: a phrase-level back-translation data augmentation method for neural machine translation","volume":"652","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0039","unstructured":"OpenAI, GPT-5 System Card, 2025, https:\/\/cdn.openai.com\/gpt-5-system-card.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0040","article-title":"Gemini 2.5: pushing the frontier with advanced reasoning, multimodality, long context, and next generation agentic capabilities","volume":"abs\/2507.06261","author":"Comanici","year":"2025","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0041","article-title":"LLaMA: open and efficient foundation language models","volume":"abs\/2302.13971","author":"Touvron","year":"2023","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0042","article-title":"Llama 2: open foundation and fine-tuned chat models","volume":"abs\/2307.09288","author":"Touvron","year":"2023","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0043","article-title":"Introducing meta llama 3: the most capable openly available llm to date","year":"2024","journal-title":"Meta AI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0044","article-title":"Qwen2.5 technical report","volume":"abs\/2412.15115","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0045","article-title":"Qwen3 technical report","volume":"abs\/2505.09388","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0046","series-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2025, Vienna, Austria, July 27\u2013August 1, 2025","first-page":"16886","article-title":"LLM-based translation inference with iterative bilingual understanding","author":"Chen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0047","series-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), ACL 2024, Bangkok, Thailand, August 11\u201316, 2024","first-page":"693","article-title":"DUAL-REFLECT: enhancing large language models for reflective translation through dual learning feedback mechanisms","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0048","series-title":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025, Abu Dhabi, UAE, January 19\u201324, 2025","first-page":"8955","article-title":"Understanding the roPE extensions of long-context LLMs: an attention perspective","author":"Zhong","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLPRO.2025.3577318","article-title":"Source-side context predictive completion for simultaneous machine translation","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0050","series-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2020, Online, July 5\u201310, 2020","first-page":"8440","article-title":"Unsupervised cross-lingual representation learning at scale","author":"Conneau","year":"2020"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app12126002","article-title":"WCC-JC: a web-crawled corpus for Japanese-Chinese neural machine translation","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12051140","article-title":"WCC-JC 2.0: a web-crawled and manually aligned parallel corpus for Japanese-Chinese neural machine translation","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0053","series-title":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2016, August 7\u201312, 2016, Berlin, Germany, Volume 1: Long Papers","article-title":"Neural machine translation of rare words with subword units","author":"Sennrich","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0054","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL-HLT 2019, Minneapolis, MN, USA, June 2\u20137, 2019, Demonstrations","first-page":"48","article-title":"FairSeq: a fast, extensible toolkit for sequence modeling","author":"Ott","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0055","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","first-page":"3278","article-title":"Improving neural machine translation by bidirectional training","author":"Ding","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0056","series-title":"International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2023, Gold Coast, Australia, June 18\u201323, 2023","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relaxed attention for transformer models","author":"Lohrenz","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0057","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL 2022, Seattle, WA, United States, July 10\u201315, 2022","first-page":"3938","article-title":"Bi-SimCut: a simple strategy for boosting neural machine translation","author":"Gao","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0058","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34: Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2021, NeurIPS 2021, December 6\u201314, 2021, virtual","first-page":"10890","article-title":"R-Drop: Regularized dropout for neural networks","author":"Liang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492_bib0059","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2021, Virtual Event \/ Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, 7\u201311 November, 2021","first-page":"6663","article-title":"BERT, mBERT, or BiBERT? a study on contextualized embeddings for neural machine translation","author":"Xu","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Information Fusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1566253526003714?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1566253526003714?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T19:25:19Z","timestamp":1783193119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1566253526003714"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S1566253526003714"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492","relation":{},"ISSN":["1566-2535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1566-2535","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"PhraseEx: Enhancing back-translation data augmentation with phrase-level extraction for neural machine translation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information Fusion","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104492","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104492"}}