{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T06:40:05Z","timestamp":1776580805376,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information and Software Technology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:00:34Z","timestamp":1773756034000},"page":"108124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Deciphering software outsourcing impeding factors (IFs) using multidimensional analytical techniques"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1452-0878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Saqib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ibrar Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ijazul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad Faisal","family":"Abrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sadaqat","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad Faisal","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2010.08.003","article-title":"Barriers in the selection of offshore software development outsourcing vendors: an exploratory study using a systematic literature review","volume":"53","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.U. Khan and M. Niazi, \u201cCritical challenges in offshore software development outsourcing: an empirical study,\u201d vol. 53, no. August 2015, pp. 75\u201388, 2012, doi: 10.2316\/p.2012.780-019.","DOI":"10.2316\/P.2012.780-019"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1080\/00343404.2010.509128","article-title":"Outsourcing and offshoring of business services: challenges to theory, management and geography of innovation","volume":"46","author":"Massini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reg. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0004","article-title":"Significance of strategic outsourcing in IT project management","author":"Ravi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Authorea Prepr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0005","series-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0110110","article-title":"Critical success factors for client proposal selection: a vendor perspective in offshore software maintenance outsourcing","author":"Ikram","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0006","first-page":"5035","article-title":"Offshore software maintenance outsourcing process model validation: a case study approach","volume":"74","author":"Ikram","year":"2023","journal-title":"C. Mater. Contin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0007","unstructured":"S. Kumar, \u201cAnalysis of factors affecting successful outsourcing through subsidiaries in IT consulting companies,\u201d 2023."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.19026\/rjaset.6.3554","article-title":"Communication risks and best practices in global software development during requirements change management: a systematic literature review protocol","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emj.2013.04.009","article-title":"Outsourcing relationships: changes in power and dependency","volume":"31","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Manag. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lrp.2013.08.005","article-title":"Outsourcing failure and reintegration: the influence of contractual and external factors","volume":"47","author":"Cabral","year":"2014","journal-title":"Long Range Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0011","series-title":"Proc. Annu. Hawaii Int. Conf. Syst. Sci","first-page":"275","article-title":"Comparing business process and IT outsourcing risks - an exploratory study in Germany and Australasia","author":"Gewald","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0012","series-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"IT workforce outsourcing benefits, challenges and success factors-systematic mapping study","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63199","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3182393","article-title":"Model to cope with requirements engineering issues for software development outsourcing","volume":"10","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2024.107475","article-title":"A systematic literature review on software maintenance offshoring decisions","author":"Rahman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Taylor, T. Herath, and R. Kishore, \u201cOffshore outsourcing : risks, challenges, and potential solutions,\u201d no. December 2014, pp. 37\u201341, 2009, doi: 10.1080\/10580530903245549.","DOI":"10.1080\/10580530903245549"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0016","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Global Software Engineering, in ICGSE \u201917","first-page":"106","article-title":"An exploratory study on strategic software development outsourcing","author":"Nie","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1177\/0972150915591427","article-title":"Risk factors in IT outsourcing partnerships: vendors\u2019 perspective","volume":"16","author":"Alexandrova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Bus. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1108\/02635571011020359","article-title":"Information systems outsourcing reasons and risks: a new assessment","volume":"110","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ind. Manag. Data Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540903175160","article-title":"A value and risk analysis of offshore outsourcing business models: an exploratory study","volume":"48","author":"Weerakkody","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2013.06.005","article-title":"Risks and risk mitigation in global software development: a tertiary study","volume":"56","author":"Verner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0021","series-title":"18th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2012, AMCIS 2012","first-page":"2634","article-title":"Relationship and contract issues of IT outsourcing - an empirical study in China","author":"Qi","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Image Processing","first-page":"161","article-title":"A comparative study of critical challenges of outsourcing contract management identified through SLR and empirical study","author":"Khan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.J. Ren, E.W.T. Ngai, and V. Cho, \u201cManaging software outsourcing relationships in emerging economies : an empirical study of the Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises,\u201d vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 730\u2013742, 2011.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2010.2100400"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0024","series-title":"10th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trust in software outsourcing relationships: an analysis of Vietnamese practitioners\u2019 views","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2010.21","article-title":"A review of the IT outsourcing empirical literature and future research directions","volume":"25","author":"Lacity","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0026","series-title":"International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE2007)","first-page":"71","article-title":"On coordination mechanisms in global software development","author":"Cataldo","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2015.08.001","article-title":"Strategic innovation through outsourcing: the role of relational and contractual governance","volume":"24","author":"Oshri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Strateg. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0028","series-title":"2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)","first-page":"973","article-title":"Is time-zone proximity an advantage for software development? The case of the Brazilian IT industry","author":"Prikladnicki","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCAT.2016.075523","article-title":"The effect of time zone difference on asynchronous communications in global software development","volume":"53","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1108\/17538291111185449","article-title":"Understanding transition performance during offshore IT outsourcing","volume":"4","author":"Beulen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strateg. Outsourcing Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0031","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops","first-page":"125","article-title":"Strategies for crowdworkers to overcome barriers in competition-based software crowdsourcing development","author":"Zanatta","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0032","first-page":"347","article-title":"Global software development: commitment, trust and cultural sensitivity in strategic partnerships","volume":"19","author":"S\u00f8derberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Int. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Kitchenham and S. Charters, \u201cGuidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in SE,\u201d pp. 1\u201344, 2007, doi: 10.1145\/1134285.1134500.","DOI":"10.1145\/1134285.1134500"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.09.009","article-title":"Systematic literature reviews in software engineering\u2013a systematic literature review","volume":"51","author":"Kitchenham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0035","series-title":"2017 43rd Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA)","first-page":"202","article-title":"Defining protocols of systematic literature reviews in software engineering: a survey","author":"Felizardo","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2004","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Procedures for performing systematic reviews","volume":"33","author":"Kitchenham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Keele UK Keele Univ."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.12.005","article-title":"A systematic review of search-based testing for non-functional system properties","volume":"51","author":"Afzal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0038","series-title":"2018 5th Int. Multi-Topic ICT Conf","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic Literature review of critical barriers to software outsourcing partnership","author":"Ali","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.06.002","article-title":"The impact of global dispersion on coordination, team performance and software quality\u2013A systematic literature review","volume":"57","author":"Nguyen-Duc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2010.2096821","article-title":"Coordination and performance in global software service delivery: the vendor\u2019s perspective","volume":"58","author":"Gopal","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1145\/1646353.1646393","article-title":"It takes two to tango: how relational investments improve IT outsourcing partnerships","volume":"53","author":"Mehta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.05.018","article-title":"Relationship, contract and IT outsourcing success: evidence from two descriptive case studies","volume":"53","author":"Qi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2011.07.003","article-title":"The dark side of logistics outsourcing\u2013Unraveling the potential risks leading to failed relationships","volume":"48","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2015.3","article-title":"Vendor opportunism in IT outsourcing: a TCE and social capital perspective","volume":"30","author":"Lioliou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2011.06.001","article-title":"The influence of exchange hazards and power on opportunism in outsourcing relationships","volume":"30","author":"Handley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0046","series-title":"Road to Outsourcing 4.0 Next-Generation Supply Chain","first-page":"1","article-title":"Embarking on outsourcing: an introductory overview","author":"Akbari","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0047","series-title":"2019 Joint International Conference on Perspectives in Business Informatics Research Workshops and Doctoral Consortium, BIR-WS 2019; Centre for New Information Technologies (CNTI), University of Economics in Katowice, Poland","first-page":"140","article-title":"Offshore outsourcing: an IT-manager perspective on cultural differences","author":"Johansson","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3300836","article-title":"The impact of mitigation strategies for socio-cultural distance issues in GSD: an empirical study","author":"Javed","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Ramingwong, \u201cInfluence of culture on risks in offshore outsourcing of software projects : a quantitative study on mum effect,\u201d 2010.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIME.2010.5478107"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0050","series-title":"2018 5th International Multi-Topic ICT Conference (IMTIC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systematic literature review of critical barriers to software outsourcing partnership","author":"Ali","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0051","first-page":"15","article-title":"Relationship and contract issues of IT outsourcing-descriptive case studies in China regions","author":"Cong","year":"2010","journal-title":"PACIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.12.004","article-title":"Systematic literature review on agile practices in global software development","volume":"96","author":"Vallon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0053","first-page":"276","article-title":"Outsourcing strategies. How to formalize and negotiate the outsourcing contract","volume":"20","author":"Michela","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Univ. Oradea Econ. Sci. Ser."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2014.0523","article-title":"Project managers\u2019 practical intelligence and project performance in software offshore outsourcing: a field study","volume":"25","author":"Langer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0055","series-title":"2013 Science and Information Conference","first-page":"202","article-title":"Challenges of project management in Global Software Development: initial results","author":"Niazi","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2016.08.002","article-title":"Challenges of project management in global software development: a client-vendor analysis","volume":"80","author":"Niazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0057","first-page":"215","article-title":"Global software development geographical distance communication challenges","volume":"14","author":"Al-Zaidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1109\/TPC.2021.3110396","article-title":"The critical communication challenges between geographically distributed agile development teams: empirical findings","volume":"64","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Prof. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0059","series-title":"2015 International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering (ENASE)","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effects of geographical, socio-cultural and temporal distances on communication in global software development during requirements change management: a pilot study","author":"Khan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0060","series-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"669","article-title":"Cultural difference and adaptation of communication styles in computer-mediated group brainstorming","author":"Wang","year":"2009"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2017.2730870","article-title":"Coordination challenges in large-scale software development: a case study of planning misalignment in hybrid settings","volume":"44","author":"Bick","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0062","series-title":"International Conference on Agile Software Development","first-page":"75","article-title":"Organizational debt in large-scale hybrid agile software development: a case study on coordination mechanisms","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0063","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","first-page":"53","article-title":"Automatic detection of nocuous coordination ambiguities in natural language requirements","author":"Yang","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110717","article-title":"Understanding coordination in global software engineering: a mixed-methods study on the use of meetings and Slack","volume":"170","author":"Stray","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164556","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2949919","article-title":"Barriers to software outsourcing partnership formation: an exploratory analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2017.03.006","article-title":"Systematic literature review and empirical investigation of barriers to process improvement in global software development: client\u2013vendor perspective","volume":"87","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2243","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.2243","article-title":"A framework for modelling structural association amongst barriers to software outsourcing partnership formation: an interpretive structural modelling approach","volume":"32","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Softw. Evol. Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1145\/1835428.1835445","article-title":"Global software development and collaboration: barriers and solutions","volume":"1","author":"Noll","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Inroads"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2233","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.2233","article-title":"Practitioner\u2019s view of barriers to software outsourcing partnership formation: an empirical exploration","volume":"32","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Softw. Evol. Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0070","unstructured":"R. Jabangwe and I. Nurdiani, \u201cGlobal software development challenges and mitigation strategies: a systematic review and survey results,\u201d 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0071","series-title":"2020 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Sciences and Informatics (EECSI)","first-page":"222","article-title":"Human-related challenges in agile software development of government outsourcing project","author":"Nisyak","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2014.12.014","article-title":"Indian IT outsourcing industry: future threats and challenges\u2013a reassessment","volume":"67","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2013.10.011","article-title":"Indian IT outsourcing industry: future threats and challenges","volume":"56","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.110887","article-title":"Global software engineering: challenges and solutions","volume":"174","author":"Calefato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2013.11.002","article-title":"Security and compliance challenges in complex IT outsourcing arrangements: a multi-stakeholder perspective","volume":"40","author":"Bachlechner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4018\/jgim.2006070104","article-title":"Risks, benefits, and challenges in global IT outsourcing: perspectives and practices","volume":"14","author":"Dhar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Glob. Inf. Manag."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen.2013.0204","article-title":"Analysis of risks faced by information technology offshore outsourcing service providers","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"IET Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.11.135","article-title":"IT\/IS outsourcing in large companies\u2013motivations and risks","volume":"121","author":"Varaj\u00e3o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0079","series-title":"2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering","first-page":"401","article-title":"Influence of culture on risks in offshore outsourcing of software projects: a quantitative study on mum effect","author":"Ramingwong","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2308\/jmar-50847","article-title":"Outsourcing the information system: determinants, risks, and implications for management control systems","volume":"27","author":"Christ","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Manag. Account. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.01.020","article-title":"Effects of process and outcome controls on business process outsourcing performance: moderating roles of vendor and client capability risks","volume":"260","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2307\/41703467","article-title":"The asymmetric benefits of relational flexibility: evidence from software development outsourcing","author":"Gopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mis Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-010-9292-7","article-title":"Determinants of relationship quality for IS\/IT outsourcing success in public sector","volume":"14","author":"Swar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2011.11.004","article-title":"Mediated power and outsourcing relationships","volume":"30","author":"Handley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1111\/poms.12026","article-title":"The role of contract negotiation and industry structure in production outsourcing","volume":"22","author":"Feng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prod. Oper. Manag."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-sen.2013.0013","article-title":"Critical success factors for offshore software outsourcing contract management from vendors\u2019 perspective: an exploratory study using a systematic literature review","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"IET Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4018\/jgim.2000100102","article-title":"Contracts, control and presentation in IT outsourcing: research in 13 UK organizations","volume":"8","author":"Kern","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Glob. Inf. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2023.103776","article-title":"Time-and-materials or revenue-sharing? Implications of monitoring for software outsourcing contract","volume":"60","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1100.0310","article-title":"IT outsourcing contracts and performance measurement","volume":"23","author":"Fitoussi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0090","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 8th International Conference on Educational and Information Technology","first-page":"45","article-title":"Highlighting management issues affecting outsourcing in Pakistan\u2019s software industry","author":"Zahoor","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Nicholson and S. Sahay, \u201cSome political and cultural issues in the globalisation of software development : case experience from Britain and India,\u201d vol. 11, pp. 25\u201343, 2001.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8022(00)00008-4"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269607","article-title":"Towards dealing with commonly occurring requirements engineering process issues during software development outsourcing","volume":"17","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229785","article-title":"Requirements engineering issues causing software development outsourcing failure","volume":"15","author":"Iqbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-5805.2013.01070.x","article-title":"The outsourcing strategy of local and multinational firms: a supply base perspective","volume":"4","author":"Mol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Strateg. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0095","first-page":"113","article-title":"Risks and audit objectives for IT outsourcing","volume":"14","author":"Brandas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inform. Econ. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0096","first-page":"3","article-title":"How do critical success factors contribute to a successful IT outsourcing: a study of large multinational companies","volume":"14","author":"Hodosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol. Theory Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1108\/17538291211221951","article-title":"Prioritization of outsourcing risks from a systemic perspective","volume":"5","author":"Gandhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Strateg. Outsourc. Int. J."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2370","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.2370","article-title":"Risks and risk mitigation in global software development: an update","volume":"33","author":"Barros-Justo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Softw. Evol. Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0099","unstructured":"R. Gregory, \u201cReview of the IS offshoring literature: the role of cross-cultural differences and management practices,\u201d 2010."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2009.10.005","article-title":"Services cultural alignment in offshoring: the impact of cultural dimensions on offshoring location choices","volume":"28","author":"Hahn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Oper. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.09.202","article-title":"An investigation into how small companies in London and the South East UK engage in IT offshore outsourcing and the impact of culture on this phenomenon","volume":"100","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203070","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3035829","article-title":"Requirements change management challenges of global software development: an empirical investigation","volume":"8","author":"Akbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2017.09.007","article-title":"Cost and time project management success factors for information systems development projects","volume":"35","author":"Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Proj. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1080.0223","article-title":"Design and analysis of contracts for software outsourcing","volume":"21","author":"Dey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0105","first-page":"66","article-title":"Contract roles in outsourcing activities, evidence from operations outsourcing in real estate management","volume":"12","author":"Stefan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3138775","article-title":"Critical success factors of component-based software outsourcing development from vendors\u2019 perspective: a systematic literature review","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.2478\/orga-2013-0026","article-title":"A review of critical success factors for offshore software development projects","volume":"46","author":"Sudhakar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Organizacija"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1080.0205","article-title":"Research note\u2014The role of organizational controls and boundary spanning in software development outsourcing: implications for project performance","volume":"21","author":"Gopal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s12597-021-00546-0","article-title":"Study of project type and team structure in the Indian software outsourcing industry","volume":"59","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"OPSEARCH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0110","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 Special Interest Group on Management Information System\u2019s 48th annual conference on Computer personnel research on Computer personnel research","first-page":"83","article-title":"Outsourcing projects success: the role of competence and leadership of the vendors and clients project managers","author":"Zainuddin","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0111","series-title":"Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling","author":"Kerzner","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2010.2090730","article-title":"An empirical investigation of client managers\u2019 responsibilities in managing offshore outsourcing of software-testing projects","volume":"58","author":"Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-08-2014-0080","article-title":"A study of software development project cost, schedule, and quality by outsourcing to a low-cost destination","volume":"29","author":"Mishra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Enterp. Inf. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2003.12.007","article-title":"Understanding software project risk: a cluster analysis","volume":"42","author":"Wallace","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.02.040","article-title":"Analysis and application of an outsourcing risk framework","volume":"85","author":"Abdullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0116","first-page":"159","article-title":"Examining risks with outsourcing decisions: a case study","volume":"15","author":"Thakurta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Serv. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4304\/jsw.6.1.38-47","article-title":"Towards a framework for offshore outsource software development risk management model","volume":"6","author":"Islam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53374","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2979468","article-title":"A systematic study to improve the requirements engineering process in the domain of global software development","volume":"8","author":"Akbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0119","article-title":"ICT outsourcing information security risk factors: an exploratory analysis of threat risks factor for critical project characteristics","volume":"1","author":"Khidzir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ind. Intell. Inf. Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99680","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3096663","article-title":"Role of critical success factors in offshore quality requirement change management using SLR","volume":"9","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.J. Noll, S. Beecham, and I. Richardson, \u201cGlobal collaboration : software development solutions,\u201d vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 66\u201378, 2010.","DOI":"10.1145\/1835428.1835445"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2009.23","article-title":"A dynamic model of offshore software development","volume":"26","author":"Dedrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1108\/14725961211265756","article-title":"Analysis of risks associated with facilities management outsourcing: a multivariate approach","volume":"10","author":"Ikediashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Facil. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2010.04.003","article-title":"On risk and cost in global sourcing","volume":"131","author":"Holweg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93593","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3092679","article-title":"Empirical investigation of critical requirements engineering practices for global software development","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94089","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995238","article-title":"Organization type and size-based identification of requirements change management challenges in global software development","volume":"8","author":"Akbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1108\/JEIM-06-2015-0056","article-title":"Empirical comparison of traditional plan-based and agile methodologies: critical success factors for outsourced software development projects from vendors\u2019 perspective","volume":"30","author":"Ahimbisibwe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Enterp. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0128","series-title":"2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Software Outsourcing quality evaluation management model (SOQEMM)","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.03.069","article-title":"Software outsourcing partnership model: an evaluation framework for vendor organizations","volume":"117","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1108\/JFM-08-2020-0054","article-title":"A model for key success factors for outsourcing in project-based companies: integrating soft and dynamic approaches","volume":"19","author":"Hoseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Facil. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22274","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3055858","article-title":"Empirical investigation about the factors affecting the cost estimation in global software development context","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2013\/37.1.14","article-title":"Information technology outsourcing and non-IT operating costs: an empirical investigation","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mis Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0133","series-title":"2019 ACM\/IEEE 14th International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE)","first-page":"40","article-title":"Offshore outsourcing costs: known or still hidden?","author":"Smite","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.1110.1481","article-title":"The strategic perils of low cost outsourcing","volume":"58","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Manage. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0135","first-page":"49","article-title":"Differences between success factors of IS quasi-outsourcing and conventional outsourcing collaboration: a case study of two Finnish companies","volume":"22","author":"V\u00e4yrynen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electron: Mark"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0136","article-title":"Determinants of trust in computer-mediated offshore software-outsourcing collaboration","volume":"57","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124_bib0137","unstructured":"D. Trewin, \u201cSmall Business in Australia: 2001. Australian Bureau of Statistics report 1321.0. 2002.\u201d 2008."}],"container-title":["Information and Software Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0950584926001138?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0950584926001138?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T05:43:54Z","timestamp":1776577434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0950584926001138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":137,"alternative-id":["S0950584926001138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-5849"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-5849","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Deciphering software outsourcing impeding factors (IFs) using multidimensional analytical techniques","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information and Software Technology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.infsof.2026.108124","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108124"}}