{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T11:55:00Z","timestamp":1782129300271,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016544","name":"Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Processing &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T01:33:43Z","timestamp":1775784823000},"page":"104579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Digital pulse of development: Leveraging social media discourse for poverty analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9179-2573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woojin","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1408-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7298-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0795-5064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Chear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4593-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vatsal","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1920-1625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tawfiq","family":"Ammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.3390\/e23060780","article-title":"Socioeconomic patterns of twitter user activity","volume":"23","author":"Abitbol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20140044","article-title":"State capacity and economic development: A network approach","volume":"105","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0004","series-title":"Multidimensional poverty measurement and analysis","author":"Alkire","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multidimensional poverty index","author":"Alkire","year":"2010","journal-title":"OPHI Research Brief"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/dap.2023.2","article-title":"Explainable machine learning for public policy: Use cases, gaps, and research directions","volume":"5","author":"Amarasinghe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Data and Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3710985","article-title":"Finding understanding and support: Navigating online communities to share and connect at the intersection of abuse and foster care experiences","volume":"9","author":"Ammari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0009","unstructured":"Angelov, D. (2020). Top2Vec: Distributed representations of topics. 10.48550\/arXiv.2008.09470."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0010","series-title":"2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","first-page":"760","article-title":"Pclass: An effective classifier for streaming examples","author":"Angelov","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0011","series-title":"2021 8th International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concepts, theory and applications (ICAICTA)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving the performance of HDBSCAN on short text clustering by using word embedding and UMAP","author":"Asyaky","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0012","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Exploring fairness in machine learning for international development","author":"Awwad","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0013","series-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"4410-4416","article-title":"Generating interpretable poverty maps using object detection in satellite images","author":"Ayush","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18926-8","article-title":"Exploring food poverty experiences in the German Twitter-Sphere","volume":"24","author":"Bartelme\u00df","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"State capacity, conflict, and development","volume":"78","author":"Besley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0016","series-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","article-title":"Twitter democracy: Policy versus identity politics in three emerging african democracies","author":"Best","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jum.2022.04.001","article-title":"Smart cities and citizen engagement: Evidence from Twitter data analysis on italian municipalities","volume":"11","author":"Blasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0018","series-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"113","article-title":"Dynamic topic models","author":"Blei","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6264","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac4420","article-title":"Predicting poverty and wealth from mobile phone metadata","volume":"350","author":"Blumenstock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/21978","article-title":"Public perception of the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter: Sentiment analysis and topic modeling study","volume":"6","author":"Boon-Itt","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health And Surveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1257\/pandp.20241007","article-title":"Beyond the stats: Realities, perception, and social media discourse on poverty","volume":"114","author":"Bose","year":"2024","journal-title":"AEA Papers and Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0022","series-title":"A networked self","first-page":"47","article-title":"Social network sites as networked publics: affordances, dynamics, and implications","author":"Boyd","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0023","series-title":"Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","article-title":"Twitter discourse as a lens into politicians\u2019 interest in technology and development","author":"Bozarth","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0024","series-title":"Classification and regression trees","author":"Breiman","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies","first-page":"100-114","article-title":"Satdash: An interactive dashboard for assessing land damage in Nigeria and Mali","author":"Briggs","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021316409277","article-title":"Studying the amateur artist: A perspective on disguising data collected in human subjects research on the internet","volume":"4","author":"Bruckman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0027","series-title":"Proceedings of the 6th European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) General Conference 2011","first-page":"1","article-title":"The use of twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics","author":"Bruns","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0028","series-title":"Asian conference on machine learning","first-page":"51","article-title":"Estimating likelihoods for topic models","author":"Buntine","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0029","series-title":"Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"160","article-title":"Density-based clustering based on hierarchical density estimates","author":"Campello","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.122741","article-title":"Interpretable domain-informed and domain-agnostic features for supervised and unsupervised learning on building energy demand data","volume":"360","author":"Canaydin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2012.12.017","article-title":"Missing millions and measuring development progress","volume":"46","author":"Carr-Hill","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0032","first-page":"2191","article-title":"Feature extraction and selection for parsimonious classifiers with multiobjective genetic programming","volume":"49","author":"Castelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0033","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","first-page":"288","article-title":"Reading tea leaves: How humans interpret topic models","author":"Chang","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0034","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (EMNLP)","first-page":"8635","article-title":"KGPT: Knowledge-grounded pre-training for data-to-text generation","author":"Chen","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051211035694","article-title":"Naming the ghost: Self-naming, pseudonyms, and identities of phantoms on zimbabwean twitter","volume":"7","author":"Chibuwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Media + Society"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5325\/jdevepers.2.1-2.0088","article-title":"The role of state capacity in development studies","volume":"2","author":"Cingolani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Development Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0037","series-title":"2013 7th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST)","first-page":"108","article-title":"Closing the loop - from citizen sensing to citizen actuation","author":"Crowley","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2022.103219","article-title":"The state of human-centered NLP technology for fact-checking","volume":"60","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0039","series-title":"2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","first-page":"2182","article-title":"Spatial morphing kernel regression for feature interpolation","author":"Deng","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0040","series-title":"State capacity and economic development: Present and past","author":"Dincecco","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104061","article-title":"Linguistic patterns in social media content from crisis and non-crisis zones: A case study of hurricane ian","volume":"62","author":"Dinh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2022.886498","article-title":"A topic modeling comparison between LDA, NMF, top2vec, and BERTopic to demystify Twitter posts","volume":"7","author":"Egger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sociology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2864769","article-title":"Visual analytics for topic model optimization based on user-steerable speculative execution","volume":"25","author":"El-Assady","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0044","series-title":"Poverty from space: Using high resolution satellite imagery for estimating economic well-being","author":"Engstrom","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2017.01.001","article-title":"Citizens as planners: Harnessing information and values from the bottom-up","volume":"37","author":"Erti\u00f6","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0046","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM web Conference 2023","first-page":"4029","article-title":"Interpreting wealth distribution via poverty map inference using multimodal data","author":"Esp\u00edn-Noboa","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0047","series-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction","article-title":"Steerable neural topic modeling","author":"Fan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0048","series-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","first-page":"934","article-title":"The relative value of facebook advertising data for poverty mapping","volume":"vol. 14","author":"Fatehkia","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-020-00235-w","article-title":"Mapping socioeconomic indicators using social media advertising data","volume":"9","author":"Fatehkia","year":"2020","journal-title":"EPJ Data Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1608241","article-title":"Bertopic_teen: A multi-module optimization approach for short text topic modeling in adolescent health","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0051","unstructured":"National Food and Nutrition Commission (NFNC), (2024). National Food and Nutrition Commission (NFNC) Official Website. https:\/\/nfnc.org.zm\/. Accessed: 25 October 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0052a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatehkia, M., Tingzon, I., Orden, A., Sy, S., Sekara, V., Garcia-Herranz, M., & Weber, I. (2020b). Mapping socioeconomic indicators using social media advertising data. EPJ Data Science, 9(1), 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-020-00235-w.","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-020-00235-w"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2018.1477506","article-title":"Computational research in the post-API age","volume":"35","author":"Freelon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Political Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0053","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Greedy function approximation: A gradient boosting machine","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0054","series-title":"Mapping Subnational Poverty in Zambia","author":"Murr","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2019.05.002","article-title":"Computational socioeconomics","volume":"817","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physics Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0056","series-title":"Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media","article-title":"Whatapp doc? A first look at WhatsApp public group data","volume":"vol. 12","author":"Garimella","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0057","series-title":"Social media usage trends in Africa: Geopoll report","author":"Geopoll","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0058","article-title":"Filling in the white space: Spatial interpolation with Gaussian processes and social media data","volume":"5","author":"Giorgi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health And Surveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-007-9111-y","article-title":"Citizens as sensors: The world of volunteered geography","volume":"69","author":"Goodchild","year":"2007","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-4-31","article-title":"Geostatistical analysis of disease data: Estimation of cancer mortality risk from empirical frequencies using poisson kriging","volume":"4","author":"Goovaerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0061","series-title":"Surrogates: Gaussian process modeling, design and optimization for the applied sciences","author":"Gramacy","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths, T. L., Steyvers, M., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2007). Topics in semantic representation, Psychological Review 114(2), 211\u2013244. 10.1037\/0033-295X.114.2.211.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.2.211"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0063","unstructured":"Grootendorst, M. (2022). BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.05794."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s101010100039","article-title":"Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty?","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Economics of Governance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/02666669251328040","article-title":"Digital discourses: Exploring city-citizen engagement through city twitter handles in South Africa","author":"Gwaka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2009.11.021","article-title":"Reverse engineered flood hazard mapping in Afghanistan: A parsimonious flood map model for developing countries","volume":"226","author":"Hagen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103924","article-title":"Mechanism of online public opinion formation in major risk events in China: A qualitative comparative analysis","volume":"62","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439318788322","article-title":"Potential biases in big data: Omitted voices on social media","volume":"38","author":"Hargittai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Friedman, J.. (2009). The elements of statistical learning: Data mining, inference, and prediction. 10.1111\/j.1751-5823.2009.0009518.x.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0070","series-title":"The cultural contradictions of motherhood","author":"Hays","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0071","series-title":"Managing knowledge in organizations: A critical pragmatic perspective","first-page":"109","article-title":"Knowledge and power across the material-discursive practice of agential realism","author":"Holford","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2022.102694","article-title":"Village-level poverty identification using machine learning, high-resolution images, and geospatial data","volume":"107","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281922","article-title":"Increasing transparency in machine learning through bootstrap simulation and shapely additive explanations","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-005-2454-3","article-title":"Global optimization of stochastic black-box systems via sequential kriging meta-models","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2022.102967","article-title":"Social media mining under the COVID-19 context: Progress, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"113","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103591","article-title":"From Twitter to GDP: Estimating economic activity from social media","volume":"85","author":"Indaco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regional Science and Urban Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0077","article-title":"It can\u2019t get no worse: Using Twitter data to improve GDP estimates for developing countries","volume":"39","author":"Indaco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Engineering Proceedings"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12252","article-title":"Amartya sen\u2019s capabilities approach and communication for development and social change","volume":"66","author":"Jacobson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0079","series-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","article-title":"The 2014\u202fIndian general election on twitter: An analysis of changing political traditions","author":"Jaidka","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.09.005","article-title":"Social media data and post-disaster recovery","volume":"44","author":"Jamali","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"6301","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7894","article-title":"Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty","volume":"353","author":"Jean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/15230406.2018.1434834","article-title":"Understanding demographic and socioeconomic biases of geotagged Twitter users at the county level","volume":"46","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cartography and Geographic Information Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008306431147","article-title":"Efficient global optimization of expensive black-box functions","volume":"13","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi4042246","article-title":"Early flood detection for rapid humanitarian response: Harnessing near real-time satellite and Twitter signals","volume":"4","author":"Jongman","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2022.106124","article-title":"Mapping community development aid: Spatial analysis in Myanmar","volume":"164","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2025.106429","article-title":"Contextualized poverty targeting with multimodal spatial data and Machine Learning in Brazzaville, Congo","volume":"170","author":"Jung","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"2210-6707","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0087","article-title":"Targeting urban poverty and food insecurity: A community-informed spatial analysis and machine learning approach","volume":"134","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2024.102139","article-title":"Using artificial intelligence\/machine learning to evaluate the distribution of community development aid across myanmar","volume":"98","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Socio-Economic Planning Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3724422","article-title":"The last mile in remote sensing poverty prediction","volume":"3","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0090","series-title":"NeurIPS Machine Learning for the Developing World Workshop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combining twitter and earth observation data for local poverty mapping","author":"Kondmann","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0091","series-title":"Cartography: Visualization of geospatial data","author":"Kraak","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11070403","article-title":"The missing millions in maps: Exploring causes of uncertainties in global gridded population datasets","volume":"11","author":"Kuffer","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0093","series-title":"Proceedings of the 26th international Conference on World Wide Web","first-page":"695-704","article-title":"Enhancing feature selection using word embeddings: the case of flu surveillance","author":"Lampos","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0094","series-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI conference on web and social media","first-page":"519","article-title":"Large-scale demographic inference of social media users in a low-resource scenario","volume":"Vol. 17","author":"Lasri","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0095","series-title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)","first-page":"6040","article-title":"Machine learning driven aid classification for sustainable development","author":"Lee","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2022.106028","article-title":"High-resolution poverty maps in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"159","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0097","article-title":"Mapping the global Twitter heartbeat: The geography of Twitter","volume":"18","author":"Leetaru","year":"2013","journal-title":"First Monday"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142076","article-title":"Quantifying and mapping global data poverty","volume":"10","author":"Leidig","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103670","article-title":"The voices of the displaced: Mobility and twitter conversations of migrants of Ukraine in 2022","volume":"61","author":"Lemoine-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0100","series-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW)","first-page":"1192-1199","article-title":"Location, occupation, and semantics based socioeconomic status inference on twitter","author":"Levy Abitbol","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0101","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","first-page":"9119","article-title":"On the sentence embeddings from pre-trained language models","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2021.102769","article-title":"Recognizing fake information through a developed feature scheme: A user study of health misinformation on social media in china","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102419","article-title":"Juxtaposed effect of social media overload on discontinuous usage intention: The perspective of stress coping strategies","volume":"58","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0104","article-title":"The imagined audience on social network sites","volume":"2","author":"Litt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Media+ Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0105","series-title":"Comparing Welch ANOVA, a Kruskal-Wallis test, and traditional ANOVA in case of heterogeneity of variance","author":"Liu","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/10875549.2022.2080030","article-title":"Organizational social media use and community social capital: Disparities by poverty and racial composition","volume":"27","author":"Livermore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0107","series-title":"Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","first-page":"4768-4777","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3390\/data2010005","article-title":"Learning parsimonious classification rules from gene expression data using bayesian networks with local structure","volume":"2","author":"Lustgarten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Data"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3390\/info11090435","article-title":"Calculated vs. ad hoc publics in the# Brexit discourse on Twitter and the role of business actors","volume":"11","author":"Lynn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2014.910087","article-title":"Uneven geographies of user-generated information: patterns of increasing informational poverty","volume":"104","author":"Graham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2011.641993","article-title":"Fabrication as ethical practice","volume":"15","author":"Markham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Information, Communication & Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0112","series-title":"Social determinants of health","author":"Marmot","year":"2005"},{"issue":"CSCW","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3359174","article-title":"Reliability and inter-rater reliability in qualitative research: Norms and guidelines for CSCW and HCI practice","volume":"3","author":"McDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0114","unstructured":"McInnes, L., Healy, J., & Melville, J., (2020). UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction, arXiv: 1802.03426 statML, arXiv:1802.03426."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0115","unstructured":"Midnight Sun Mining, C. (2025). Midnight Sun Mining Corp. - Discovering Copper & Cobalt in Zambia. https:\/\/midnightsunmining.com\/. Accessed: 25 October 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0116","unstructured":"Mikolov, T., Chen, K., Corrado, G., & Dean, J. (2013). Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv: 1301.3781 [cs], http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1301.3781."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0117","series-title":"Global inequality: A new approach for the age of globalization","author":"Milanovi\u0107","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0118","unstructured":"Minerals, F. Q. (2025). First Quantum Minerals Official Website. https:\/\/www.first-quantum.com\/. Accessed: 25 October 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0119","series-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","first-page":"554","article-title":"Understanding the demographics of Twitter users","volume":"vol. 5","author":"Mislove","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0120","first-page":"2280","article-title":"Explaining hyperparameter optimization via partial dependence plots","volume":"34","author":"Moosbauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0121","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Economic Growth, Inequality and Poverty in Zambia","author":"Mphuka","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci12050296","article-title":"Predicting multidimensional poverty with machine learning algorithms: An open data source approach using spatial data","volume":"12","author":"Mu\u00f1et\u00f3n-Santa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0123","article-title":"Equitable AI: Exploring the role of gender in poverty estimation models using geospatial data","volume":"20","author":"Nagle","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0124","unstructured":"Network, S. C. S. (2025). Zambia Civil Society Scaling Up Nutrition Alliance (CSOSUN). https:\/\/www.suncivilsociety.com\/alliances\/zambia-civil-society-scaling-up-nutrition-alliance-csosun\/. Accessed: 25 October 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0125","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development","article-title":"\u2019Asijiki\u2019 And the capacity to aspire through social media: The # feesmustfall movement as an anti-poverty activism in South Africa","author":"Ngidi","year":"2016"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272208","article-title":"A cross-country analysis of macroeconomic responses to COVID-19 pandemic using twitter sentiments","volume":"17","author":"Nia","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101934","article-title":"Understanding temporal and spatial patterns of urban activities across demographic groups through geotagged social media data","volume":"100","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022050700009451","article-title":"Constitutions and commitment: The evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth-century England","volume":"49","author":"North","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Economic History"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448231172967","article-title":"Twitter activism: Understanding the Twittersphere as the foremost community for activism and dragging in Nigeria","volume":"27","author":"Obia","year":"2025","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2023.2181319","article-title":"Digital trace data collection for social media effects research: APIs, data donation, and (screen) tracking","volume":"18","author":"Ohme","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communication Methods and Measures"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0131","unstructured":"Ordun, C., Purushotham, S., & Raff, E. (2020). Exploratory analysis of Covid-19 tweets using topic modeling, umap, and digraphs. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2005.03082."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1089\/HS.2020.0202","article-title":"Misinformation about COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey","volume":"19","author":"Osuagwu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0133","first-page":"269","article-title":"Patchwork kriging for large-scale gaussian process regression","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0134","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0135","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Guidelines on the Use of DHS GPS Data","author":"Perez-Heydrich","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0136","series-title":"Estimating and forecasting income poverty and inequality in Haiti using satellite imagery and mobile phone data","author":"Pokhriyal","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0137","first-page":"2","article-title":"Social media use continues to rise in developing countries but plateaus across developed ones","volume":"22","author":"Poushter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pew Research Center"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138717","article-title":"Studying user income through language, behaviour and affect in social media","volume":"10","author":"Preo\u0163iuc-Pietro","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11050293","article-title":"Predicting poverty using geospatial data in Thailand","volume":"11","author":"Puttanapong","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0140","series-title":"Mapping the digital divide in Africa: A mediated analysis","first-page":"27","article-title":"Conceptualising the digital divide","author":"Ragnedda","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randazzo, C., Kim, M., Kwestel, M., Doerfel, M. L., & Ammari, T. (2025). \u201dWe\u2019re losing our neighborhoods. We\u2019re losing our community\u201d: A comparative analysis of community discourse in online and offline public spheres. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2503.07892. 10.48550\/arXiv.2503.07892.","DOI":"10.1145\/3757446"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0142","series-title":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems","first-page":"379-388","article-title":"Creating full individual-level location timelines from sparse social media data","author":"Rehman","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reimers, N., & Gurevych, I. (2019). Sentence-BERT: Sentence embeddings using siamese BERT-networks. 10.18653\/v1\/d19-1410.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1410"},{"issue":"CSCW","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3274414","article-title":"Socio-spatial self-organizing maps: Using social media to assess relevant geographies for exposure to social processes","volume":"2","author":"Relia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0145","series-title":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Geocomputational Analysis of Socio-Economic Data","first-page":"12-19","article-title":"Wealth index estimation using machine learning with environmental, demographics, remote sensing, and points of interest data","author":"Reyes","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0146","series-title":"Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity and poverty","author":"Robinson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0147","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","first-page":"399","article-title":"Exploring the space of topic coherence measures","author":"R\u00f6der","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/0961452951000157074","article-title":"Empowerment examined","volume":"5","author":"Rowlands","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development in Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0149","series-title":"Questioning empowerment: Working with women in Honduras","author":"Rowlands","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0150","series-title":"Proceedings of the LREC 2010 workshop on new challenges for NLP frameworks","first-page":"45","article-title":"Software framework for topic modelling with large corpora","author":"\u0158eh\u016f\u0159ek","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0151","series-title":"The end of poverty: Economic possibilities for our time","author":"Sachs","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0152","series-title":"The age of sustainable development","author":"Sachs","year":"2015"},{"issue":"CSCW1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3512973","article-title":"Towards sustainable ICTD in Bangladesh: understanding the program and policy landscape and its implications for CSCW and HCI","volume":"6","author":"Saha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0034-6586.2003.00100.x","article-title":"Exploring alternative measures of welfare in the absence of expenditure data","volume":"49","author":"Sahn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Review of Income and Wealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0155","series-title":"The design and analysis of computer experiments (second edition)","author":"Santner","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/joes.12065","article-title":"Measurement, evolution, determinants, and consequences of state capacity: A review of recent research","volume":"29","author":"Savoia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Surveys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihv005","article-title":"Poverty, health and satellite-derived vegetation indices: Their inter-spatial relationship in west africa","volume":"7","author":"Sedda","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0158","series-title":"Development as freedom","author":"Sen","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/14649880500120491","article-title":"Human rights and capabilities","volume":"6","author":"Sen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Human Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0007","article-title":"Development as freedom (1999)","volume":"525","author":"Sen","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Globalization And Development Reader"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2009.77","article-title":"Citizen sensing, social signals, and enriching human experience","volume":"13","author":"Sheth","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Computing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0161","first-page":"22","article-title":"Comparison of post hoc tests for unequal variance","volume":"2","author":"Shingala","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.09.014","article-title":"Explaining the unseen: Leveraging XAI to enhance the trustworthiness of black-box models in performance testing","volume":"224","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142343","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3466834","article-title":"Extracting semantic topics about development in Africa from social media","volume":"12","author":"Sibitenda","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0164","series-title":"The SAGE handbook of social media research methods","author":"Sloan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0165","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","article-title":"Practical bayesian optimization of machine learning algorithms","author":"Snoek","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0166","series-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining","first-page":"3576-3584","article-title":"Dynamic social media monitoring for fast-evolving online discussions","author":"Srikanth","year":"2021"},{"issue":"127","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2016.0690","article-title":"Mapping poverty using mobile phone and satellite data","volume":"14","author":"Steele","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0168","series-title":"Interpolation of Spatial Data: Some Theory for Kriging","author":"Stein","year":"1999"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1177\/00936502231154146","article-title":"When the personal becomes political: unpacking the dynamics of sexual violence and gender justice discourses across four social media platforms","volume":"50","author":"Suk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0170","series-title":"Workshop on Modeling and Decision-Making in the Spatiotemporal Domain, 32nd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 2018)","article-title":"Dynamic poverty prediction with vegetation index","author":"Tang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/0267257X.2014.884621","article-title":"Teaching how to fish: Lessons from information and communication technologies for international development","volume":"30","author":"Toyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0172","series-title":"Geek heresy: Rescuing social change from the cult of technology","author":"Toyama","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104145","article-title":"Knowledge graph validation by integrating LLMs and human-in-the-loop","volume":"62","author":"Tsaneva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0174","series-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","first-page":"505","article-title":"Big questions for social media big data: Representativeness, validity and other methodological pitfalls","volume":"vol. 8","author":"Tufekci","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0175","article-title":"The economic and social impact of mining-resources exploitation in zambia","volume":"74","author":"Unceta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resources Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0176","unstructured":"United Nations (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/2030agenda."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0177","series-title":"Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Evaluation methods for topic models","author":"Wallach","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10661-7","article-title":"A survey on neural topic models: Methods, applications, and challenges","volume":"57","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0003","series-title":"Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2018","author":"Zambia Statistics AgencyMinistry of Health (MOH) Zambia, and ICF","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Phung, D., Huynh, V., Jin, Y., Du, L., & Buntine, W. (2021). Topic modelling meets deep neural networks: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.00498.","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/638"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11040375","article-title":"Estimation of poverty using random forest regression with multi-source data: A case study in Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579_bib0181","series-title":"Springer Optimization and Its Applications","article-title":"Stochastic Global Optimization","author":"Zhigljavsky","year":"2008"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104972","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000}}],"container-title":["Information Processing &amp; Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457325005205?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457325005205?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T11:25:50Z","timestamp":1781954750000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306457325005205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":182,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306457325005205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Digital pulse of development: Leveraging social media discourse for poverty analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information Processing & Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104579","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104579"}}