{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T03:57:20Z","timestamp":1776139040502,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFE0116900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0116900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010023","name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22KJB520037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22KJB520037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010023","name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K20231003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K20231003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42475151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42475151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42175157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42175157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T08:16:22Z","timestamp":1769501782000},"page":"104645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Positive and negative neighbor dual-flexible nonnegative representation method for image classification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4694-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0015-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhilin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5796-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3011-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5741-9318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9015-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000016","article-title":"Distributed optimization and statistical learning via the alternating direction method of multipliers","volume":"3","author":"Boyd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foundations and Trends\u00ae in Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0002","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"2950","article-title":"A probabilistic collaborative representation based approach for pattern classification","author":"Cai","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103934","article-title":"A hybrid feature fusion deep learning framework for multi-source medical image analysis","volume":"62","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0004","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision","first-page":"321","article-title":"Symbiotic segmentation and part localization for fine-grained categorization","author":"Chai","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104106","article-title":"MDA-HTD: Mask-driven dual autoencoders meet hyperspectral target detection","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.236","article-title":"Classification and boosting with multiple collaborative representations","volume":"36","author":"Chi","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","article-title":"Nearest neighbor pattern classification","volume":"13","author":"Cover","year":"1967","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0008","first-page":"1871","article-title":"LibLinear: A library for large linear classification","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0009","series-title":"Proceedings of the computer vision and pattern recognition conference","first-page":"3563","article-title":"Bhvit: Binarized hybrid vision transformer","author":"Gao","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2014.06.011","article-title":"Revisiting the fisher vector for fine-grained classification","volume":"49","author":"Gosselin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103931","article-title":"Heuristic personality recognition based on fusing multiple conversations and utterance-level affection","volume":"62","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0012","series-title":"Accuracy and stability of numerical algorithms","author":"Higham","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.110257","article-title":"Superpixel-based multi-scale multi-instance learning for hyperspectral image classification","volume":"149","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0014","first-page":"84","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"25","author":"Krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0015","first-page":"556","article-title":"Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0016","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"16889","article-title":"Rethinking vision transformers for MobileNet size and speed","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-024-11573-5","article-title":"Density-based discriminative nonnegative representation model for imbalanced classification","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Processing Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/math12010052","article-title":"Locality-constraint discriminative nonnegative representation for pattern classification","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0019","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision","first-page":"1449","article-title":"Bilinear CNN models for fine-grained visual recognition","author":"Lin","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0020","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"11976","article-title":"A ConvNet for the 2020s","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0021","series-title":"International conference on learning representations","article-title":"MobileVit: Light-weight, general-purpose, and mobile-friendly vision transformer","author":"Mehta","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.03.013","article-title":"Learning locality-constrained collaborative representation for robust face recognition","volume":"47","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0023","unstructured":"Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2014). Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv: 1409.1556."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0024","first-page":"3004","article-title":"Non-negative least squares for high-dimensional linear models: Consistency and sparse recovery without regularization","volume":"3","author":"Slawski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10158","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3397803","article-title":"Mean-weighted collaborative representation-based spatial-spectral joint classification for hyperspectral images","volume":"17","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0026","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"15909","article-title":"RepVit: Revisiting mobile cnn from vit perspective","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.3021712","article-title":"Generalized and discriminative collaborative representation for multiclass classification","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.79","article-title":"Robust face recognition via sparse representation","volume":"31","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.12.023","article-title":"Sparse, collaborative, or nonnegative representation: Which helps pattern classification?","volume":"88","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Double discriminative constraint-based affine nonnegative representation for few-shot remote sensing scene classification","volume":"20","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103922","article-title":"Triple sparse denoising discriminantive least squares regression for image classification","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0032","series-title":"2011 International conference on computer vision","first-page":"471","article-title":"Sparse representation or collaborative representation: Which helps face recognition?","author":"Zhang","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2023.11.034","article-title":"CT-Net: Asymmetric compound branch transformer for medical image segmentation","volume":"170","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Networks"}],"container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326000373?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326000373?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T03:17:13Z","timestamp":1776136633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306457326000373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306457326000373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Positive and negative neighbor dual-flexible nonnegative representation method for image classification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information Processing & Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104645","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104645"}}