{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T11:51:33Z","timestamp":1781956293985,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Processing &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T08:26:26Z","timestamp":1775895986000},"page":"104783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Linguistic preference relations with weakened hedges embedded graph model for water resource conflict resolution"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8549-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7053-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyu","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2320-2495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Jun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3547-2908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeshui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-017-9279-7","article-title":"Interval fuzzy preferences in the graph model for conflict resolution","volume":"17","author":"Bashar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2012.2183603","article-title":"Fuzzy preferences in the graph model for conflict resolution","volume":"20","author":"Bashar","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2003.809361","article-title":"A decision support system for interactive decision making-part i: Model formulation","volume":"33","author":"Fang","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2003.809360","article-title":"A decision support system for interactive decision making-part II: Analysis and output interpretation","volume":"33","author":"Fang","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310131","article-title":"Solving complex conflicts","volume":"9","author":"Fraser","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/acbb8f","article-title":"Water-related conflicts: Definitions, data, and trends from the water conflict chronology","volume":"18","author":"Gleick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Research Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1023\/B:GRUP.0000045751.21207.35","article-title":"Strength of preference in the graph model for conflict resolution","volume":"13","author":"Hamouda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Group Decision and Negotiation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4573(02)00049-3","article-title":"Evaluating the informative quality of documents in SGML format from judgements by means of fuzzy linguistic techniques based on computing with words","volume":"39","author":"Herrera-Viedma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.3041462","article-title":"The graph model for conflict resolution and decision support","volume":"51","author":"Hipel","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0010","series-title":"Proceedings of IEEE international conference on systems, man, and cybernetics (SMC)","first-page":"153","article-title":"Environmental conflict resolution using the graph model","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Hipel","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1109\/17.946535","article-title":"Strategic decision support for the services industry","volume":"48","author":"Hipel","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01384354","article-title":"Drama theory and its relation to game theory. part 1: dramatic resolution vs. rational solution","volume":"3","author":"Howard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Group Decision and Negotiation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104095","article-title":"Concept cognition over knowledge graphs: A perspective from mining multi-granularity attribute characteristics of concepts","volume":"62","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5580","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3407836","article-title":"Inverse preference optimization in the graph model for conflict resolution with uncertain cost","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-024-09914-9","article-title":"A third-party conflict mediation model considering the differences in preference concessions within the GMCR paradigm","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Group Decision and Negotiation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(87)90117-8","article-title":"The graph model for conflicts","volume":"23","author":"Kilgour","year":"1987","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2014.2387096","article-title":"Grey-based preference in a graph model for conflict resolution with multiple decision makers","volume":"45","author":"Kuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2004.826282","article-title":"Preference uncertainty in the graph model for conflict resolution","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6486","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2024.3451159","article-title":"Graph model for conflict resolution for mixed-stability combinatorial foresight based on the combination of regret theory and VIKOR method","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.36.1.48","article-title":"Equilibrium points in n-person games","volume":"36","author":"Nash","year":"1950","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8511","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9511","article-title":"Loess plateau storage of northeastern tibetan plateau-derived yellow river sediment","volume":"6","author":"Nie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2014.2379626","article-title":"Probabilistic preferences in the graph model for conflict resolution","volume":"45","author":"R\u00eago","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2018.04.008","article-title":"Upper and lower probabilistic preferences in the graph model for conflict resolution","volume":"98","author":"R\u00eago","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2002.1009122","article-title":"The application of robustness analysis to the conflict with incomplete information","volume":"32","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103862","article-title":"Multi-stakeholder recommendation system through deep learning-based preference evaluation and aggregation model with multi-view information embedding","volume":"61","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2024.102902","article-title":"A novel bi-objective r-mathematical programming method for risk group decision making","volume":"118","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.103310","article-title":"A novel graph model for resolving power-asymmetric conflicts: Application in hierarchical diagnosis and treatment systems","volume":"123","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2025.122288","article-title":"Modeling linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy preference into the consensus and dissent framework of graph model for conflict resolution and its application","volume":"717","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10700-021-09373-w","article-title":"A graph model for conflict resolution with inconsistent preferences among large-scale participants","volume":"21","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2023.3244720","article-title":"Attitude-based intuitionistic fuzzy graph model for conflict resolution with soft consensus: Application to dam construction projects","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0031","series-title":"Kernel smoothing","author":"Wand","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110786","article-title":"Matrix representations of the inverse problem in the graph model for conflict resolution with fuzzy preference","volume":"147","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.12.036","article-title":"Linguistic terms with weakened hedges: A model for qualitative decision making under uncertainty","volume":"433","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2017.12.030","article-title":"Modeling complex linguistic expressions in qualitative decision making: An overview","volume":"144","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2018.2856107","article-title":"Consistency measures of linguistic preference relations with hedges","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3524795","article-title":"Graph model for conflict resolution considering heterogeneous behavior based on hesitant fuzzy preference and social network analysis","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fss.2018.11.012","article-title":"The graph model for conflict resolution with incomplete fuzzy reciprocal preference relations","volume":"377","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7889","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.2992272","article-title":"Composite decision makers in the graph model for conflict resolution: Hesitant fuzzy preference modeling","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2022.07.046","article-title":"The graph model for composite decision makers and its application to a water resource conflict","volume":"306","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124082","article-title":"The impact of water rights reform on economic development: Evidence from city-level panel data in china","volume":"374","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2009.2007994","article-title":"Matrix representation of solution concepts in multiple-decision-maker graph models","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dam.2009.06.032","article-title":"Multiple levels of preference in interactive strategic decisions","volume":"157","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Discrete Applied Mathematics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2004.04.008","article-title":"Deviation measures of linguistic preference relations in group decision making","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0044","first-page":"505","article-title":"Bibliometric analysis of the energy efficiency research","volume":"27","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Montanistica Slovaca"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110557","article-title":"A survey of consensus in group decision making under the CWW environment","volume":"144","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.127160","article-title":"Feature-driven hybrid attention learning for accurate water quality prediction","volume":"276","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0047","series-title":"2017\u202fIEEE International conference on systems, man, and cybernetics (SMC)","first-page":"3574","article-title":"Fuzzy strength of preference in the graph model for conflict resolution with two decision makers","author":"Yu","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2019.2905222","article-title":"Graph model under unknown and fuzzy preferences","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/01969727208542910","article-title":"A fuzzy-set-theoretic interpretation of linguistic hedges","volume":"2","author":"Zadeh","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Cybernetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(75)90036-5","article-title":"The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning-i","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104272","article-title":"A study on sensing opportunities for EV technology recombination based on consumer preference mining and multi-layer network construction","volume":"62","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"}],"container-title":["Information Processing &amp; Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326001743?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326001743?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T11:23:43Z","timestamp":1781954623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306457326001743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306457326001743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Linguistic preference relations with weakened hedges embedded graph model for water resource conflict resolution","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information Processing & Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104783","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104783"}}