{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:11:54Z","timestamp":1784563914136,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017414","name":"Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25GJA010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25GJA010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017414","name":"Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BJSZ2025ZD03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJSZ2025ZD03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T19:49:43Z","timestamp":1777060183000},"page":"104812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["MFND-DCL: Multimodal fake news detection based on dual contrastive learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Minghui","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shulin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5684-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5079-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zirui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0001","series-title":"Proceedings of the web conference 2011","first-page":"675","article-title":"Information credibility on twitter","author":"Castillo","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0002","first-page":"354","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0003","series-title":"Proceedings of the International conference on machine learning","article-title":"A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations","author":"Chen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0004","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22th Pacific-Asia conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"40","article-title":"Call attention to rumors: Deep attention based recurrent neural networks for early rumor detection","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM web conference 2022","first-page":"2897","article-title":"Cross-modal ambiguity learning for multimodal fake news detection","author":"Chen","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0006","series-title":"Proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on information and knowledge management","first-page":"1993","article-title":"Joint estimation of user and publisher credibility for fake news detection","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0007","series-title":"Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"492","article-title":"Deterrent: Knowledge guided graph attention network for detecting healthcare misinformation","author":"Cui","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0008","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies","first-page":"4171","article-title":"Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","author":"Devlin","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0009","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"81","article-title":"Kan: Knowledge-aware attention network for fake news detection","author":"Dun","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102140","article-title":"Fake news detection: Taxonomy and comparative study","volume":"103","author":"Farhangian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-023-01065-0","article-title":"Fnr: A similarity and transformer-based approach to detect multi-modal fake news in social media","volume":"13","author":"Ghorbanpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Social Network Analysis and Mining"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0012","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 siam international conference on data mining (sdm)","first-page":"153","article-title":"Evaluating event credibility on twitter","author":"Gupta","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0013","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE international conference on control, electronics and computer technology","first-page":"974","article-title":"Cascading modular multimodal cross-attention network for rumor detection","author":"Han","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0014","first-page":"653","article-title":"Ec-fake: A fake news detection model based on external knowledge and contrast-driven feature augmentation","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"NEUROCOMPUTING"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0015","series-title":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Computational-Linguistics","first-page":"221","article-title":"An end-to-end model for question answering over knowledge base with cross-attention combining global knowledge","author":"Hao","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0016","series-title":"Proceedings of the 59th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics and the 11th international joint conference on natural language processing","first-page":"754","article-title":"Compare to the knowledge: Graph neural fake news detection with external knowledge","author":"Hu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1145\/3703155","article-title":"A survey on hallucination in large language models: Principles, taxonomy, challenges, and open questions","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0018","series-title":"Proceedings of the international joint conference on neural networks","article-title":"Deep structure learning for rumor detection on twitter","author":"Huang","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0019","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing-ICASSP-Annual","article-title":"Gated cross-attention network for depth completion","author":"Jia","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0020","series-title":"Proceedings of the SIAM international conference on data mining","first-page":"427","article-title":"Disinformation detection: An evolving challenge in the age of llms","author":"Jiang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0021","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 ACM multimedia conference","first-page":"795","article-title":"Multimodal fusion with recurrent neural networks for rumor detection on microblogs","author":"Jin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0022","article-title":"Multimodal fake news detection via progressive fusion networks","volume":"60","author":"Jing","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0023","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th international conference on ubiquitous information management and communication","article-title":"Multi-modal component embedding for fake news detection","author":"Kang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0024","series-title":"Proceedings of the world wide web conference","first-page":"2915","article-title":"Mvae: Multimodal variational autoencoder for fake news detection","author":"Khattar","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 34th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","article-title":"Supervised contrastive learning","author":"Khosla","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-025-00534-0","article-title":"Weakly supervised veracity classification with llm-predicted credibility signals","volume":"14","author":"Leite","year":"2025","journal-title":"EPJ DATA SCIENCE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0027","series-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics","first-page":"11116","article-title":"Fundamental capabilities of large language models and their applications in domain scenarios: A survey","author":"Li","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2020.2980007","article-title":"Characterizing the propagation of situational information in social media during covid-19 epidemic: A case study on weibo","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2025.122353","article-title":"Fake news detection with external entity expanding and multi-modal dynamic fusion","volume":"718","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0030","series-title":"Proceedings of the 58th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics","first-page":"505","article-title":"Gcan: Graph-aware co-attention networks for explainable fake news detection on social media","author":"Lu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.127930","article-title":"An adaptive auto fusion with hierarchical attention for multimodal fake news detection","volume":"285","author":"Luvembe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s13278-021-00738-y","article-title":"A transformer-based architecture for fake news classification","volume":"11","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Network Analysis and Mining"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0033","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing","first-page":"126","article-title":"A parsimonious language model of social media credibility across disparate events","author":"Mitra","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdab028","article-title":"Acceptance of a covid-19 vaccine is associated with ability to detect fake news and health literacy","volume":"43","author":"Montagni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0035","series-title":"Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on computer vision","first-page":"5716","article-title":"Unified deep supervised domain adaptation and generalization","author":"Motiian","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0036","series-title":"Information Processing & Management, 61","article-title":"Not all fake news is semantically similar: Contextual semantic representation learning for multimodal fake news detection","author":"Peng","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0037","series-title":"Proceedings of the 44th international ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in information retrieval","first-page":"153","article-title":"Hierarchical multi-modal contextual attention network for fake news detection","author":"Qian","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0038","series-title":"Proceedings of the International conference on machine learning","article-title":"Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision","author":"Radford","year":"2021"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0039","article-title":"Semantic space aligned multimodal fake news detection","volume":"125","author":"Shang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2020.3014135","article-title":"Defensive modeling of fake news through online social networks","volume":"7","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0041","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"395","article-title":"Defend: Explainable fake news detection","author":"Shu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2020.0062","article-title":"Fakenewsnet: A data repository with news content, social context, and spatiotemporal information for studying fake news on social media","volume":"8","author":"Shu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Big Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0043","author":"Shu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06086-4","article-title":"Predicting image credibility in fake news over social media using multi-modal approach","volume":"34","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Computing & Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0045","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"13915","article-title":"Spotfake plus: A multimodal framework for fake news detection via transfer learning (student abstract)","author":"Singhal","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0046","series-title":"Proceedings of the web conference 2022","first-page":"726","article-title":"Leveraging intra and inter modality relationship for multimodal fake news detection","author":"Singhal","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0047","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 5th international conference on multimedia big data","first-page":"39","article-title":"Spotfake: A multi-modal framework for fake news detection","author":"Singhal","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102437","article-title":"A multimodal fake news detection model based on crossmodal attention residual and multichannel convolutional neural networks","volume":"58","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107654","article-title":"When falsehood wins? Varied effects of sensational elements on users' engagement with real and fake posts","volume":"142","author":"Sui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12736","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2023.3275586","article-title":"Inconsistent matters: A knowledge-guided dual-consistency network for multi-modal rumor detection","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0051","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM international conference on multimedia retrieval","first-page":"316","article-title":"Graph interactive network with adaptive gradient for multi-modal rumor detection","author":"Sun","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.20.094","article-title":"Impact of rumors and misinformation on covid-19 in social media","volume":"53","author":"Tasnim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0053","series-title":"Proceedings of the 18th IEEE international conference on intelligence and security informatics","first-page":"187","article-title":"Sentimental liar: Extended corpus and deep learning models for fake claim classification","author":"Upadhayay","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0054","series-title":"Proceedings of the conference on neural information processing systems","first-page":"5998","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap9559","article-title":"The spread of true and false news online","volume":"359","author":"Vosoughi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0056","series-title":"Proceedings of the 26th Pacific-Asia conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"510","article-title":"Instance-guided multi-modal fake news detection with dynamic intra- and inter-modality fusion","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0057","series-title":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM international conference on multimedia","first-page":"5696","article-title":"Cross-modal contrastive learning for multimodal fake news detection","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104089","article-title":"Dccma-net: Disentanglement-based cross-modal clues mining and aggregation network for explainable multimodal fake news detection","volume":"62","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0059","series-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM international conference on information and knowledge management","first-page":"2726","article-title":"Prompt-and-align: Prompt-based social alignment for few-shot fake news detection","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2023.3280555","article-title":"Human cognition-based consistency inference networks for multi-modal fake news detection","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions On Knowledge And Data Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0061","series-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the association for computational linguistics","first-page":"2560","article-title":"Multimodal fusion with co-attention networks for fake news detection","author":"Wu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0062","series-title":"Proceedings of the 20243rd international conference on cyber security, artificial intelligence and digital economy","first-page":"72","article-title":"Research on fake news detection based on clip multimodal mechanism","author":"Xu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0063","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE International Conference On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics","first-page":"559","article-title":"Multimodal fake news detection based on chain-of-thought prompting large language models","author":"Xu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2021.102610","article-title":"Detecting fake news by exploring the consistency of multimodal data","volume":"58","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2025.107625","article-title":"Collaborate large and small language models for multi-modal emergency rumor detection","volume":"190","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2025.122345","article-title":"Idie: Instruction-guided domain clustering and information-enhanced fusion model for multimodal fake news detection","volume":"718","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0067","series-title":"COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES, 89","article-title":"Mran: Multimodal relationship-aware attention network for fake news detection","author":"Yang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0068","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"7370","article-title":"Graph convolutional networks for text classification","author":"Yao","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0069","series-title":"Proceedings of the International joint conference on neural networks held as part of the IEEE world congress on computational intelligence","article-title":"Bdann: Bert-based domain adaptation neural network for multi-modal fake news detection","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0070","series-title":"Proceedings of the 24th Pacific-Asia conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"354","article-title":"Safe: Similarity-aware multi-modal fake news detection","author":"Zhou","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0071","series-title":"Proceedings of the 11th international conference on agents and artificial intelligence","first-page":"794","article-title":"Fake news detection via nlp is vulnerable to adversarial attacks","author":"Zhou","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812_bib0072","series-title":"Proceedings of the International conference on social informatics","first-page":"109","article-title":"Exploiting context for rumour detection in social media","author":"Zubiaga","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326002037?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326002037?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T13:28:12Z","timestamp":1783171692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306457326002037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306457326002037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"uri","id":"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/14vq7ewpifegzxp3xc2deehi-beisdinn\/view?usp=sharing","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MFND-DCL: Multimodal fake news detection based on dual contrastive learning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information Processing & Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104812","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104812"}}