{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:14:13Z","timestamp":1783696453960,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015749","name":"Communication University of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62372129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62372129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2436208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2436208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025LZ020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025LZ020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62402459"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62402459"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62302467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62302467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YQKFYB202501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YQKFYB202501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFF0902401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF0902401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:08:46Z","timestamp":1777525726000},"page":"104852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Wavelet transform-based versatile watermarking for facial manipulation source tracing and detection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2418-3883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9425-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiguo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2369-4268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanshan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yikun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b1","series-title":"2010 2nd international conference on image processing theory, tools and applications","first-page":"215","article-title":"Stego image quality and the reliability of psnr","author":"Almohammad","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b2","series-title":"2025 IEEE\/CVF winter conference on applications of computer vision workshops","first-page":"1576","article-title":"Wavelet-driven generalizable framework for deepfake face forgery detection","author":"Baru","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b3","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"7115","article-title":"Hyperreenact: One-shot reenactment via jointly learning to refine and retarget faces","author":"Bounareli","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b4","series-title":"2022 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"4103","article-title":"End-to-end reconstruction-classification learning for face forgery detection","author":"Cao","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b5","series-title":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM international conference on multimedia","first-page":"2003","article-title":"Simswap: An efficient framework for high fidelity face swapping","author":"Chen","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b6","series-title":"2018 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"8789","article-title":"Stargan: Unified generative adversarial networks for multi-domain image-to-image translation","author":"Choi","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b7","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"3994","article-title":"Implicit identity leakage: The stumbling block to improving deepfake detection generalization","author":"Dong","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b8","series-title":"2021 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"3403","article-title":"Information bottleneck disentanglement for identity swapping","author":"Gao","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1145\/3422622","article-title":"Generative adversarial networks","volume":"63","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51998-z","article-title":"Human detection of political speech deepfakes across transcripts, audio, and video","volume":"15","author":"Groh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b11","series-title":"Proceedings of the thirty-eighth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence and thirty-sixth conference on innovative applications of artificial intelligence and fourteenth symposium on educational advances in artificial intelligence","article-title":"Adversarial robust safeguard for evading deep facial manipulation","author":"Guan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3152247","article-title":"A survey on vision transformer","volume":"45","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b13","article-title":"Kad-net: Kolmogorov-Arnold and differential-aware networks for robust and sensitive proactive deepfake forensics","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5464","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2916751","article-title":"Attgan: Facial attribute editing by only changing what you want","volume":"28","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. Img. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b15","series-title":"2018 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"7132","article-title":"Squeeze-and-excitation networks","author":"Hu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Arwgan: Attention-guided robust image watermarking model based on gan","volume":"72","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b17","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"989","article-title":"Cmua-watermark: A cross-model universal adversarial watermark for combating deepfakes","author":"Huang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b18","series-title":"2017 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"5967","article-title":"Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks","author":"Isola","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b19","series-title":"Mbrs: Enhancing robustness of dnn-based watermarking by mini-batch of real and simulated jpeg compression","first-page":"41","author":"Jia","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b20","series-title":"Perceptual losses for real-time style transfer and super-resolution","author":"Johnson","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2970919","article-title":"A style-based generator architecture for generative adversarial networks","volume":"43","author":"Karras","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b22","series-title":"3rd international conference on learning representations, ICLR 2015, san diego, CA, USA, May 7-9, 2015, conference track proceedings","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.71129\/ijaci.v2i1.pp41-52","article-title":"Robust digital image watermarking using dwt, hessenberg, and svd for copyright protection","volume":"2","author":"Kusuma","year":"2026","journal-title":"IJACI: International Journal of Advanced Computing and Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b24","series-title":"2020 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"5548","article-title":"Maskgan: Towards diverse and interactive facial image manipulation","author":"Lee","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b25","series-title":"2021 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"8635","article-title":"Image-to-image translation via hierarchical style disentanglement","author":"Li","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b26","series-title":"2015 3rd IAPR Asian conference on pattern recognition","first-page":"730","article-title":"Very deep convolutional neural network based image classification using small training sample size","author":"Liu","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b27","series-title":"Deep learning face attributes in the wild","first-page":"3730","author":"Liu","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b28","series-title":"Proceedings of the international conference on learning representations","article-title":"Kan: Kolmogorov-arnold networks","author":"Liu","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b29","series-title":"Towards blind watermarking: Combining invertible and non-invertible mechanisms","first-page":"1532","author":"Ma","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b30","series-title":"Towards deep learning models resistant to adversarial attacks","author":"Madry","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b31","series-title":"A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: The wavelet representation","first-page":"674","author":"Mallat","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2872043","article-title":"On the effectiveness of least squares generative adversarial networks","volume":"41","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3640466","article-title":"Facesigns: Semi-fragile watermarks for media authentication","volume":"20","author":"Neekhara","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b34","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"24480","article-title":"Towards universal fake image detectors that generalize across generative models","author":"Ojha","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2024.3372803","article-title":"Df-rap: A robust adversarial perturbation for defending against deepfakes in real-world social network scenarios","volume":"19","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Info. for. Sec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b36","series-title":"International conference on machine learning","article-title":"Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision","author":"Radford","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b37","series-title":"Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention\u2013MICCAI 2015: 18th international conference, munich, Germany, October 5-9, 2015, proceedings, part III 18","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b38","series-title":"2022 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"18699","article-title":"Detecting deepfakes with self-blended images","author":"Shiohara","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.103801","article-title":"Diffmark: Diffusion-based robust watermark against deepfakes","volume":"127","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b40","series-title":"Frequency-aware deepfake detection: Improving generalizability through frequency space domain learning","author":"Tan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.71129\/ijaci.v1.i2.pp89-98","article-title":"Robust image watermarking based on hybrid iwt-dct-svd","volume":"1","author":"Wahyudi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJACI: International Journal of Advanced Computing and Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","article-title":"Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b43","series-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM international conference on multimedia","first-page":"10515","article-title":"Lampmark: Proactive deepfake detection via training-free landmark perceptual watermarks","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b44","series-title":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM international conference on multimedia","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Sepmark: Deep separable watermarking for unified source tracing and deepfake detection","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b45","series-title":"Designing one unified framework for high-fidelity face reenactment and swapping","first-page":"54","author":"Xu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b46","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"14448","article-title":"Artificial fingerprinting for generative models: Rooting deepfake attribution in training data","author":"Yu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b47","series-title":"2018 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"586","article-title":"The unreasonable effectiveness of deep features as a perceptual metric","author":"Zhang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b48","series-title":"2024 IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"11964","article-title":"Editguard: Versatile image watermarking for tamper localization and copyright protection","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b49","first-page":"1","article-title":"Robust and unstigmatized imperceptible perturbations for rendering face manipulation ineffective","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b50","article-title":"Joint audio-visual attention with contrastive learning for more general deepfake detection","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852_b51","article-title":"Mlpn: Multi-scale laplacian pyramid network for deepfake detection and localization","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur. Appl."}],"container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326002438?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326002438?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:34:13Z","timestamp":1783694053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306457326002438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306457326002438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Wavelet transform-based versatile watermarking for facial manipulation source tracing and detection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information Processing & Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104852","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104852"}}