{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T17:57:16Z","timestamp":1781459836057,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008868","name":"Jiangsu Province Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:44:53Z","timestamp":1779291893000},"page":"104907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["DADSA: Dual-Side Adaptive Deep Safety Alignment for Large Language Models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Kunlin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yabin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7456-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b1","series-title":"The thirteenth international conference on learning representations","article-title":"Jailbreaking leading safety-aligned LLMs with simple adaptive attacks","author":"Andriushchenko","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b2","series-title":"Constitutional ai: Harmlessness from ai feedback","author":"Bai","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104337","article-title":"Custom training data: Aligning model distribution via prefix-guided preference data synthesis","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-025-01049-z","article-title":"Human-like object concept representations emerge naturally in multimodal large language models","volume":"7","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b5","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on new frontiers in summarization","first-page":"70","article-title":"SAMSum corpus: A human-annotated dialogue dataset for abstractive summarization","author":"Gliwa","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b6","series-title":"Network and distributed system security symposium","article-title":"Safety misalignment against large language models","author":"Gong","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b7","series-title":"The llama 3 herd of models","author":"Grattafiori","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b8","series-title":"ICML","article-title":"COLD-attack: Jailbreaking LLMs with stealthiness and controllability","author":"Guo","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b9","first-page":"65072","article-title":"Safe LoRA: The silver lining of reducing safety risks when finetuning large language models","volume":"vol. 37","author":"Hsu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b10","series-title":"The twelfth international conference on learning representations","article-title":"Catastrophic jailbreak of open-source LLMs via exploiting generation","author":"Huang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b11","series-title":"Qwen2. 5-coder technical report","author":"Hui","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b12","series-title":"Thirty-seventh conference on neural information processing systems datasets and benchmarks track","article-title":"BeaverTails: Towards improved safety alignment of LLM via a human-preference dataset","author":"Ji","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b13","series-title":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"6523","article-title":"Grounding and evaluation for large language models: Practical challenges and lessons learned (survey)","author":"Kenthapadi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b14","first-page":"1","article-title":"LN3DIFF++: Scalable latent neural fields diffusion for speedy 3D generation","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b15","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","first-page":"2757","article-title":"From generation to judgment: Opportunities and challenges of LLM-as-a-judge","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b16","series-title":"The twelfth international conference on learning representations","article-title":"The unlocking spell on base LLMs: Rethinking alignment via in-context learning","author":"Lin","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104544","article-title":"SEAttack: A self-evolving jailbreak attack to induce toxic responses for non-toxic queries in large language models","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10806","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2025.3615412","article-title":"Targeted vaccine: Safety alignment for large language models against harmful fine-tuning via layer-wise perturbation","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3704999","article-title":"Understanding before recommendation: Semantic aspect-aware review exploitation via large language models","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b20","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics","first-page":"7108","article-title":"SoFA: Shielded on-the-fly alignment via priority rule following","author":"Lu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2025.113566","article-title":"Aligning large language models with human preferences using historical text edits","volume":"322","author":"Majkutewicz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032603","article-title":"Electric vehicle charging system in the smart grid using different machine learning methods","volume":"15","author":"Mazhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15020513","article-title":"Quality of service (QoS) performance analysis in a traffic engineering model for next-generation wireless sensor networks","volume":"15","author":"Mazhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b24","series-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","article-title":"Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback","author":"Ouyang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b25","series-title":"Proceedings of the 36th international conference on neural information processing systems","article-title":"Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback","author":"Ouyang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b26","article-title":"Multi-step reasoning with large language models, a survey","author":"Plaat","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b27","series-title":"Proceedings of the thirty-eighth AAAI conference on artificial intelligence and thirty-sixth conference on innovative applications of artificial intelligence and fourteenth symposium on educational advances in artificial intelligence","article-title":"Visual adversarial examples jailbreak aligned large language models","author":"Qi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b28","series-title":"The thirteenth international conference on learning representations","article-title":"Safety alignment should be made more than just a few tokens deep","author":"Qi","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b29","series-title":"The twelfth international conference on learning representations","article-title":"Fine-tuning aligned language models compromises safety, even when users do not intend to!","author":"Qi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b30","series-title":"Thirty-seventh conference on neural information processing systems","article-title":"Direct preference optimization: Your language model is secretly a reward model","author":"Rafailov","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b31","series-title":"Stanford Alpaca: An instruction-following LLaMA model","author":"Taori","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b32","series-title":"Gemma 2: Improving open language models at a practical size","author":"Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b33","series-title":"Thirty-seventh conference on neural information processing systems datasets and benchmarks track","article-title":"DecodingTrust: A comprehensive assessment of trustworthiness in GPT models","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b34","first-page":"116743","article-title":"Uncovering safety risks of large language models through concept activation vector","volume":"Vol. 37","author":"Xu","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2025.3553363","article-title":"FlexFL: Flexible and effective fault localization with open-source large language models","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3456364","article-title":"KNowNEt:Guided health information seeking from LLMs via knowledge graph integration","volume":"31","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b37","first-page":"25706","article-title":"NLSR: Neuron-level safety realignment of large language models against harmful fine-tuning","volume":"Vol. 39","author":"Yi","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112701","article-title":"A safety realignment framework via subspace-oriented model fusion for large language models","volume":"306","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b39","series-title":"Proceedings of the 63rd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: long papers)","first-page":"3149","article-title":"Refuse whenever you feel unsafe: Improving safety in LLMs via decoupled refusal training","author":"Yuan","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b40","series-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: long papers)","first-page":"14322","article-title":"How johnny can persuade LLMs to jailbreak them: Rethinking persuasion to challenge AI safety by humanizing LLMs","author":"Zeng","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2025.104548","article-title":"Uncertainty-penalized reinforcement learning from human feedback with diversified reward LoRA ensembles","volume":"63","author":"Zhai","year":"2026","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b42","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies (volume 2: short papers)","first-page":"681","article-title":"Removing RLHF protections in GPT-4 via fine-tuning","author":"Zhan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b43","series-title":"Proceedings of the 31st international conference on computational linguistics","first-page":"2947","article-title":"Intention analysis makes LLMs a good jailbreak defender","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b44","series-title":"Findings of the association for computational linguistics: EMNLP 2025","first-page":"12189","article-title":"AMIA: Automatic masking and joint intention analysis makes LVLMs robust jailbreak defenders","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2024.103808","article-title":"BB-GeoGPT: A framework for learning a large language model for geographic information science","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b46","series-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: long papers)","first-page":"15202","article-title":"PsySafe: A comprehensive framework for psychological-based attack, defense, and evaluation of multi-agent system safety","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b47","series-title":"Forty-second international conference on machine learning","article-title":"Improving LLM safety alignment with dual-objective optimization","author":"Zhao","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b48","series-title":"Forty-second international conference on machine learning","article-title":"Weak-to-strong jailbreaking on large language models","author":"Zhao","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b49","series-title":"Thirty-seventh conference on neural information processing systems","article-title":"LIMA: Less is more for alignment","author":"Zhou","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907_b50","series-title":"Universal and transferable adversarial attacks on aligned language models","author":"Zou","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326002980?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306457326002980?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T17:09:48Z","timestamp":1781456988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306457326002980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306457326002980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"DADSA: Dual-Side Adaptive Deep Safety Alignment for Large Language Models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information Processing & Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2026.104907","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104907"}}