{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T18:06:23Z","timestamp":1759601183964,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Finnish Cultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00160642\/Central Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00160642\/Central Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T15:00:55Z","timestamp":1498316455000},"page":"183-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["LiDAR-based TWI and terrain attributes in improving parametric predictor for tree growth in southeast Finland"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Cheikh","family":"Mohamedou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Tokola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Eerik\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"art148","DOI":"10.1890\/ES14-00296.1","article-title":"Topography alters tree growth-climate relationships in a semi-arid forested catchment","volume":"5","author":"Adams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dendro.2012.10.002","article-title":"Dendrochronological analysis of white oak growth patterns across a topographic moisture gradient in southern Ohio","volume":"31","author":"Anning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dendrochronologia"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.06.025","article-title":"Effects of catchment discretization on topographic index distributions","volume":"359","author":"Aryal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"B4","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0020","first-page":"110","article-title":"DEM generation from laser scanner data using adaptive TIN models","volume":"23","author":"Axelsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0025","first-page":"13","article-title":"Spatial prediction of soil attributes using terrain analysis and climate regionalisation","volume":"vol. 115","author":"B\u00f6hner","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0030","first-page":"213","article-title":"Soil regionalisation by means of terrain analysis and process parameterisation","author":"B\u00f6hner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Soil Bur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0035","first-page":"187","article-title":"The effect of different terrain representations and resolution on simulated watershed processes. Zeitschrift Fur Geomorphologie","volume":"101","author":"Band","year":"1995","journal-title":"Supplementband"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667909491834","article-title":"A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology","volume":"24","author":"Beven","year":"1979","journal-title":"Hydrol. Sci. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.3360090107","article-title":"Sensitivity to space and time resolution of a hydrological model using digital elevation data","volume":"9","author":"Bruneau","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hydrol. Processes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/jpe\/rtt001","article-title":"Radial growth response of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. to topographic and climatic factors in South Korea","volume":"6","author":"Byun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plant Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14214\/aff.7193","article-title":"The theory of forest types","volume":"29","author":"Cajander","year":"1926","journal-title":"Acta Forestalia Fennica"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-8-1991-2015","article-title":"System for automated geoscientific analyses (SAGA) v. 2.1.4","volume":"8","author":"Conrad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2007.01280.x","article-title":"Effects of size, competition and altitude on tree growth","volume":"95","author":"Coomes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0070","unstructured":"ESRI, (2014). ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10.3. Redlands, CA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2307\/1942448","article-title":"Relationships of ring widths in arid-site conifers to variations in monthly temperature and precipitation","volume":"44","author":"Fritts","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1654-1103.2012.01485.x","article-title":"Seedling emergence and growth of Quercus spp. following severe drought effects on a Pinus sylvestris canopy","volume":"24","author":"Galiano","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2009.03.031","article-title":"Modeling spatial patterns of saturated areas: a comparison of the topographic wetness index and a dynamic distributed model","volume":"373","author":"Grabs","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1139\/x88-223","article-title":"Postdrainage forest productivity of peatlands in Sweden","volume":"18","author":"H\u00e5nell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1139\/x99-032","article-title":"An individual-tree basal area growth model for black spruce in second-growth peatland stands","volume":"29","author":"H\u00f6kk\u00e4","year":"1999","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004WR003130","article-title":"A new topographic index to quantify downslope controls on local drainage","volume":"40","author":"Hjerdt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2006.09.012","article-title":"Automated classifications of topography from DEMs by an unsupervised nested-means algorithm and a three-part geometric signature","volume":"86","author":"Iwahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0110","first-page":"1593","article-title":"Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information system analysis","volume":"54","author":"Jenson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12225","article-title":"Extension of Nakagawa & Schielzeth\u2019s R 2 GLMM to random slopes models","volume":"5","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Digital Elevation Models (DEM) in Trafficability Analysis. ECOWOOD, Studies Made at the University of Helsinki","author":"Kokkila","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0120"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2015.10.013","article-title":"Evaluation of integrating topographic wetness index with backscattering coefficient of TerraSAR-X image for soil moisture estimation in a mountainous region","volume":"61","author":"Lei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056171","article-title":"Separating the effects of environment and space on tree species distribution: from population to community","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.10648","article-title":"Efficient hybrid breaching-filling sink removal\\rmethods for flow path enforcement in digital\\relevation models","volume":"30","author":"Lindsay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hydrol. Processes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2006.03.001","article-title":"Scale matters-A multi-resolution study of the determinants of patterned ground activity in subarctic Finland","volume":"80","author":"Luoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020288509837","article-title":"Prediction of total and rare plant species richness in agricultural landscapes from satellite images and topographic data","volume":"17","author":"Luoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Landscape Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1139\/x03-207","article-title":"A longitudinal height-diameter model for Norway spruce in Finland","volume":"34","author":"Meht\u00e4talo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.14214\/sf.a9159","article-title":"Spatial growth model for Scots pine on drained peatland","volume":"28","author":"Miina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Silva Fennica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.08.033","article-title":"Applying airborne\u03b3-ray and DEM-derived attributes to the local improvement of the existing individual-tree growth model for diameter increment","volume":"155","author":"Mohamedou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1993.03615995005700020026x","article-title":"Soil attribute prediction using terrain analysis","volume":"57","author":"Moore","year":"1993","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2011.01.003","article-title":"Modeling and mapping topographic variations in forest soils at high resolution: a case study","volume":"222","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Modell."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0175","first-page":"172","article-title":"Spatial occurrence of drought-associated damages in Finnish boreal forests: results from forest condition monitoring and GIS analysis","volume":"20","author":"Muukkonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Boreal Environ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x","article-title":"A general and simple method for obtaining R 2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models","volume":"4","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0185","first-page":"19","article-title":"Climate-tree-growth relationships of Scots pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed to soil dryness","volume":"13","author":"Oberhuber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trees"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1139\/x73-057","article-title":"Analyses of a forest drainage experiment in northern Ontario. I: Growth analysis","volume":"3","author":"Payandeh","year":"1973","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-013-0869-x","article-title":"Ecological behavior of Quercus suber and Quercus ilex inferred by topographic wetness index (TWI)","volume":"27","author":"Petroselli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trees"},{"year":"2006","series-title":"Mixed-effects Models in S and S-PLUS","author":"Pinheiro","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0200"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01570.x","article-title":"Drought-driven growth reduction in old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests of the central Apennines, Italy","volume":"14","author":"Piovesan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Global Change Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/10549811.2013.770766","article-title":"Species interactions in the dynamics of even- and uneven-aged boreal forests","volume":"32","author":"Pukkala","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sustaina. For."},{"year":"2016","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0215"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10342-006-0147-1","article-title":"Localizing general models based on local indices of spatial association","volume":"126","author":"R\u00e4ty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. For. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14214\/sf.155","article-title":"Segmentation of model localization sub-areas by getis statistics","volume":"44","author":"R\u00e4ty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Silva Fennica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(99)00104-5","article-title":"Wetland occurrence in relation to topography: a test of topographic indices as moisture indicators","volume":"98\u201399","author":"Rodhe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Agric. Forest Meteorol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2007.09.001","article-title":"Effects of DEM resolution on the calculation of topographical indices: TWI and its components","volume":"347","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-10-101-2006","article-title":"On the calculation of the topographic wetness index: evaluation of different methods based on field observations","volume":"10","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024509322709","article-title":"Comparison of DEM data capture and topographic wetness indices","volume":"4","author":"Schmidt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Precis. Agric."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2010.11.008","article-title":"Linking spatial patterns of soil organic carbon to topography \u2212 a case study from south-eastern Spain","volume":"126","author":"Schwanghart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2007.05.013","article-title":"Topographical influences on soil properties in boreal forests","volume":"141","author":"Seibert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"volume":"vol. 94","year":"2009","author":"Sironen","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0260"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2006.07.002","article-title":"The effects of DEM resolution and neighborhood size on digital soil survey","volume":"137","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.3360050107","article-title":"On the extraction of channel networks from digital elevation data","volume":"5","author":"Tarboton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hydrol. Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0275","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combining geodiversity with climate and topography to account for threatened species richness","author":"Tukiainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"year":"1994","series-title":"Modeling Forest Growth and Yield: Applications to Mixed Tropical Forests","author":"Vanclay","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0280"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.2307\/1937468","article-title":"Climatic influences on the growth of subalpine trees in the Colorado Front Range","volume":"75","author":"Villalba","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-014-0453-9","article-title":"Disentangling the effects of topography and space on the distributions of dominant species in a subtropical forest","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2004.09.007","article-title":"A terrain and data-based method for generating the spatial distribution of soil moisture","volume":"28","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2015.08.010","article-title":"Topographic and biotic factors determine forest biomass spatial distribution in a subtropical mountain moist forest","volume":"357","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manage."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-003-0125-0","article-title":"Plant species numbers predicted by a topography-based groundwater flow index","volume":"8","author":"Zinko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecosystems"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303243417301307?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303243417301307?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T13:31:12Z","timestamp":1759584672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303243417301307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0303243417301307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1569-8432"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1569-8432"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"LiDAR-based TWI and terrain attributes in improving parametric predictor for tree growth in southeast Finland","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2017.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}