{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T20:16:37Z","timestamp":1778876197200,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024370","name":"Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNC0000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNC0000002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T16:29:14Z","timestamp":1774110554000},"page":"105022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Challenges of health data standard adoption and usage: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Marfoglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerio Antonio","family":"Arcobelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Moscato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonino Amedeo","family":"La Mattina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabato","family":"Mellone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Carbonaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glohj.2024.02.003","article-title":"Data, digital worlds, and the avatarization of health care","volume":"8","author":"Thomason","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0010","unstructured":"M.B. Leavy, A. Swenson, Data Sources. in Tools and Technologies for Registry Interoperability, Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User\u2019s Guide, 3rd Edition, Addendum 2 [Internet] (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US), 2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Wang, D. Ferrari, G. Haddon-Hill, V. Curcin, Electronic Health Records as Source of Research Data. in Machine Learning for Brain Disorders (ed. Colliot, O.) (Humana, New York, NY, 2023).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3195-9_11"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.4212\/cjhp.v68i3.1457","article-title":"An introduction to health care administrative data","volume":"68","author":"Cadarette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1108\/09526860810910159","article-title":"The role of laboratory information systems in healthcare quality improvement","volume":"21","author":"Harrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Care Qual. Assur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0030","series-title":"An Introductory Guide","author":"Medical Imaging Systems","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5831","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155831","article-title":"Wrist photoplethysmography signal quality assessment for reliable heart rate estimate and morphological analysis","volume":"22","author":"Moscato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0040","series-title":"2024 10th IEEE RAS\/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","first-page":"1263","article-title":"Enhancing TWIN lower-limb exoskeleton functionalities through sensorized crutches and a trunk inertial measurement unit","author":"Arcobelli","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.3390\/s23084151","article-title":"mCrutch: a novel m-health approach supporting continuity of care","volume":"23","author":"Arcobelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001953","article-title":"The rise of consumer health wearables: promises and barriers","volume":"13","author":"Piwek","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.03.115","article-title":"Interoperability of clinical data through FHIR: a review","volume":"220","author":"Pimenta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-023-02115-5","article-title":"Interoperability of heterogeneous health information systems: a systematic literature review","volume":"23","author":"Torab-Miandoab","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02361-2","article-title":"What prevents us from reusing medical real-world data in research","volume":"10","author":"Gehrmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-018-0295-z","article-title":"The implementation of health in all policies initiatives: a systems framework for government action","volume":"16","author":"Shankardass","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0075","unstructured":"Health in All Policies: Prospects and Potentials. (Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Finland, 2006)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9S","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918788880","article-title":"The importance of policy change for addressing public health problems","volume":"133","author":"Pollack Porter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2025.109745","article-title":"Towards real-world clinical data standardization: a modular FHIR-driven transformation pipeline to enhance semantic interoperability in healthcare","volume":"187","author":"Marfoglia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0090","series-title":"In 2023 IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on Data Science and Engineering in Healthcare, Medicine and Biology 81\u201382","article-title":"MOTU on FHIR: a preliminary strategy to enable interoperability for retrospective dataset standardization","author":"Arcobelli","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocad002","article-title":"MIMIC-IV on FHIR: converting a decade of in-patient data into an exchangeable, interoperable format","volume":"30","author":"Bennett","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/43847","article-title":"A standardized clinical data harmonization pipeline for scalable AI application deployment (FHIR-DHP): validation and usability study","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0105","unstructured":"European Health Data Space - European Commission. https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/ehealth-digital-health-and-care\/european-health-data-space_en (2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0110","unstructured":"Index \u2013 FHIR v4.0.1. https:\/\/hl7.org\/fhir\/R4\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03593-6","article-title":"FHIR-standardized data collection on the clinical rehabilitation pathway of trans-femoral amputation patients","volume":"11","author":"Arcobelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0120","first-page":"95","article-title":"The usage of OHDSI OMOP \u2013 a scoping review","volume":"283","author":"Reinecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0125","first-page":"153","article-title":"The openEHR foundation","volume":"115","author":"Kalra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0130","article-title":"A computable biomedical knowledge object for calculating in-hospital mortality for patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Sadsad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Learn. Health. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-01763-3","article-title":"A configurable method for clinical quality measurement through electronic health records based on openEHR and CQL","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/49986","article-title":"A Nationwide Chronic Disease Management solution via Clinical Decision support Services: Software Development and Real-Life Implementation Report","volume":"12","author":"Ulgu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0145","unstructured":"A FHIR has been lit on gICS: facilitating the standardised exchange of informed consent in a large network of university medicine - PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36536405\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0150","article-title":"A methodology for cohort harmonisation in multicentre clinical research","volume":"27","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Med. Unlocked"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/35724","article-title":"Fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR) for interoperability in health research: systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Vorisek","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/66616","article-title":"Data interoperability in context: the importance of open-source implementations when choosing open standards","volume":"27","author":"Kapitan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0165","article-title":"The fast health interoperability resources (FHIR) standard: systematic literature review of implementations, applications, challenges and opportunities","volume":"9","author":"Ayaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11834","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911834","article-title":"OMOP CDM can facilitate data-driven studies for cancer prediction: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-024-02458-7","article-title":"Conceptual design of a generic data harmonization process for OMOP common data model","volume":"24","author":"Henke","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0180","first-page":"402","article-title":"From OpenEHR to FHIR and OMOP data model for microbiology findings","volume":"281","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0185","first-page":"667","article-title":"OMOP-on-FHIR: integrating the clinical data through FHIR bundle to OMOP CDM","volume":"327","author":"Jayathissa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0190","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.01.008","article-title":"A full systematic review was completed in 2 weeks using automation tools: a case study","volume":"121","author":"Clark","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02619-9","article-title":"Automation of duplicate record detection for systematic reviews: Deduplicator","volume":"13","author":"Forbes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/55779","article-title":"Converge or collide? making sense of a plethora of open data standards in health care","volume":"26","author":"Tsafnat","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0215","unstructured":"COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS REPowerEU Plan. (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0220","article-title":"Challenges of health data standard adoption and usage: a systematic review - data extraction","author":"Marfoglia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Zenodo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100391","article-title":"Advancing toward a common data model in ophthalmology: gap analysis of general eye examination concepts to standard observational medical outcomes partnership (OMOP) concepts","volume":"3","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0230","article-title":"Semi-automated mapping of german study data concepts to an english common data model","volume":"13","author":"Chechulina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Sciences (switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0235","article-title":"Sync for genes phase 5: computable artifacts for sharing dynamically annotated FHIR-formatted genomic variants","volume":"7","author":"Dolin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Learn. Health. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0240","article-title":"Development of an OpenMRS-OMOP ETL tool to support informatics research and collaboration in LMICs","volume":"4","author":"Espinoza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. Methods Progr. Biomed. Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21586","article-title":"Development and validation of the SickKids Enterprise-wide Data in Azure Repository (SEDAR)","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0250","article-title":"How to improve cancer patients ENrollment in Clinical Trials from rEal-life Databases using the observational medical outcomes partnership oncology extension: results of the PENELOPE initiative in urologic cancers","volume":"7","author":"Kempf","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCO Clin. Cancer Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-023-01993-6","article-title":"Implementation of a patient summary web application according to the international patient summary and validation in common use cases in Japan","volume":"47","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/41503","article-title":"Coronary artery computed tomography angiography for preventing cardio-cerebrovascular disease: observational cohort study using the observational health data sciences and informatics\u2019 common data model","volume":"10","author":"Bae","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17409","article-title":"Identification of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in electronic medical record data using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model","volume":"63","author":"Castano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/35104","article-title":"Patient-level fall risk prediction using the observational medical outcomes partnership\u2019s common data model: pilot feasibility study","volume":"10","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0275","unstructured":"J.E. McGuinness, et al., Extraction of electronic health record data using fast healthcare interoperability resources for automated breast cancer risk assessment, AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium, 2021, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108630","article-title":"Patient characteristics and antiseizure medication pathways in newly diagnosed epilepsy: feasibility and pilot results using the common data model in a single-center electronic medical record database","volume":"129","author":"Spotnitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2022.104002","article-title":"Developing an ETL tool for converting the PCORnet CDM into the OMOP CDM to facilitate the COVID-19 data integration","volume":"127","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0290","article-title":"Representation of diagnosis and nursing interventions in OpenEHR archetypes","volume":"12","author":"Gomes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Clin. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. De, M. Huang, T. Feng, X. Yue, L. Yao, Analyzing patient secure messages using a fast health care interoperability resources (FIHR)-based data model: development and topic modeling study. 23, (2021).","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.26770"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/25645","article-title":"A framework for criteria-based selection and processing of fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR) data for statistical analysis: design and implementation study","volume":"9","author":"Gruendner","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/25149","article-title":"Interoperable platform to report polymerase chain reaction SARS-CoV-2 tests from laboratories to the chilean government: development and implementation study","volume":"9","author":"Guinez-Molinos","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab201","article-title":"Interoperable genetic lab test reports: Mapping key data elements to HL7 FHIR specifications and professional reporting guidelines","volume":"28","author":"Khalifa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0315","article-title":"Transforming electronic health record polysomnographic data into the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership\u2019s Common Data Model: a pilot feasibility study","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab108","article-title":"Automated production of research data marts from a canonical fast healthcare interoperability resource data repository: applications to COVID-19 research","volume":"28","author":"Lenert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/33192","article-title":"A patient-screening tool for clinical research based on electronic health records using openEHR: development study","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/26388","article-title":"A modified public health automated case event reporting platform for enhancing electronic laboratory reports with clinical data: design and implementation study","volume":"23","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0335","article-title":"OpenEHR modeling: improving clinical records during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heal. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/30970","article-title":"Transformation and evaluation of the MIMIC database in the OMOP common data model: development and usability study","volume":"9","author":"Paris","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/26261","article-title":"Fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR)-based quality information exchange for clinical next-generation sequencing genomic testing: Implementation study","volume":"23","author":"Seong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab016","article-title":"Human-centered development of an electronic health record-embedded, interactive information visualization in the emergency department using fast healthcare interoperability resources","volume":"28","author":"Thayer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01481-2","article-title":"Application of openEHR archetypes to automate data quality rules for electronic health records: a case study","volume":"21","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106232","article-title":"Development of an application concerning fast healthcare interoperability resources based on standardized structured medical information exchange version 2 data","volume":"208","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104308","article-title":"Modeling cancer clinical trials using HL7 FHIR to support downstream applications: a case study with colorectal cancer data","volume":"145","author":"Zong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04339-7","article-title":"The sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of the late-life depression patients: results from the Beijing Anding Hospital mental health big data platform","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac180","article-title":"Integrating real-world data from Brazil and Pakistan into the OMOP common data model and standardized health analytics framework to characterize COVID-19 in the Global South","volume":"30","author":"Junior","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S419481","article-title":"Transforming the information system for research in primary care (SIDIAP) in Catalonia to the OMOP common data model and its use for COVID-19 research","volume":"15","author":"Ravent\u00f3s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Chukwu, L. Garg, N. Ob, e-Ogbuinya, V.K. Chattu, Standardizing Primary Health Care Referral Data Sets in Nigeria: Practitioners\u2019 Survey, Form Reviews, and Profiling of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) JMIR Formative Research, 6, 2022.","DOI":"10.2196\/28510"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2024.1329630","article-title":"INSPIRE datahub: a pan-african integrated suite of services for harmonising longitudinal population health data using OHDSI tools","volume":"6","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Digital Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/47959","article-title":"Assessing the use of German claims data vocabularies for research in the observational medical outcomes partnership common data model: development and evaluation study","volume":"11","author":"Henke","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae040","article-title":"Real world performance of the 21st Century Cures Act population-level application programming interface","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1116682","article-title":"Enabling data sharing and utilization for african population health data using OHDSI tools with an OMOP-common data model","volume":"11","author":"Kiwuwa-Muyingo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2023.104437","article-title":"Eos and OMOCL: Towards a seamless integration of openEHR records into the OMOP Common Data Model","volume":"144","author":"Kohler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2023.104502","article-title":"Introducing the BlendedICU dataset, the first harmonized, international intensive care dataset","volume":"146","author":"Oliver","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338221149262","article-title":"Cancer research line (CAREL): development of expanded distributed research networks for prostate cancer and lung cancer","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treatment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45654-7","article-title":"Effect of statin use on head and neck cancer prognosis in a multicenter study using a Common Data Model","volume":"13","author":"Seol","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/42822","article-title":"A Data transformation methodology to create findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable health data: software design, development, and evaluation study","volume":"25","author":"Sinaci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooac108","article-title":"Integrating real-world data to assess cardiac ablation device outcomes in a multicenter study using the OMOP common data model for regulatory decisions: implementation and evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMIA OPEN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0440","article-title":"BIcenter-AD: Harmonising Alzheimer\u2019s Disease cohorts using a common ETL tool","volume":"35","author":"Almeida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Med. Unlocked"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102016","article-title":"Opportunities of digital infrastructures for disease management\u2014exemplified on COVID-19-related change in diagnosis counts for diabetes-related eye diseases","volume":"14","author":"Bathelt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac028","article-title":"GARDE: a standards-based clinical decision support platform for identifying population health management cohorts","volume":"29","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08595-1","article-title":"Analysis of treatment pattern of anti-dementia medications in newly diagnosed Alzheimer\u2019s dementia using OMOP CDM","volume":"12","author":"Byun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-02081-4","article-title":"A FHIR has been lit on gICS: facilitating the standardised exchange of informed consent in a large network of university medicine","volume":"22","author":"Bialke","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0465","article-title":"Conversion of automated 12-lead electrocardiogram interpretations to OMOP CDM vocabulary","volume":"13","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Clin. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics9020047","article-title":"An interoperable electronic health record system for clinical cardiology","volume":"9","author":"Lazarova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0475","article-title":"Transforming and evaluating the UK Biobank to the OMOP Common Data Model for COVID-19 research and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Papez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0480","unstructured":"J. Phuong, et al., Extracting Patient-level Social Determinants of Health into the OMOP Common Data Model, AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium, 2021, 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/27990","article-title":"A personalized ontology-based decision support system for complex chronic patients: retrospective observational study","volume":"6","author":"Rom\u00e1n-Villar\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life12050749","article-title":"Structured, harmonized, and interoperable integration of clinical routine data to compute heart failure risk scores","volume":"12","author":"Sommer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0495","article-title":"Applying the OMOP common data model to facilitate benefit-risk assessments of medicinal products using real-world data from Singapore and South Korea","volume":"28","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare Inf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0500","article-title":"Transforming thyroid cancer diagnosis and staging information from unstructured reports to the observational medical outcome partnership common data model","volume":"13","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Clin. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0505","article-title":"A methodology for cohort harmonisation in multicentre clinical research","volume":"27","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Med. Unlocked"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2021.103849","article-title":"A two-stage workflow to extract and harmonize drug mentions from clinical notes into observational databases","volume":"120","author":"Almeida","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01434-3","article-title":"Standardizing registry data to the OMOP Common Data Model: experience from three pulmonary hypertension databases","volume":"21","author":"Biedermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Method."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2021.103953","article-title":"CASIDE: a data model for interoperable cancer survivorship information based on FHIR","volume":"124","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Castro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/20470","article-title":"Prototypical clinical trial registry based on fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR): Design and implementation study","volume":"9","author":"Gulden","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooab041","article-title":"Establishing a multidisciplinary initiative for interoperable electronic health record innovations at an academic medical center","volume":"4","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10092044","article-title":"The risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture following the use of irritable bowel syndrome medical treatment: an analysis using the OMOP CDM database","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/29259","article-title":"Transforming anesthesia data into the observational medical outcomes partnership common data model: development and usability study","volume":"23","author":"Lamer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2021097","article-title":"Real-world incidence of endopthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in Korea: findings from the common data model in ophthalmology","volume":"43","author":"Mun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01760-6","article-title":"Predictors of diagnostic transition from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: a retrospective observational network study","volume":"11","author":"Nestsiarovich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooab001","article-title":"Transforming and evaluating electronic health record disease phenotyping algorithms using the OMOP common data model: a case study in heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Papez","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocab110","article-title":"A novel application of SMART on FHIR architecture for interoperable and scalable integration of patient-reported outcome data with electronic health records","volume":"28","author":"Wesley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106394","article-title":"A standardized analytics pipeline for reliable and rapid development and validation of prediction models using observational health data","volume":"211","author":"Khalid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89796-y","article-title":"Transformation of microbiology data into a standardised data representation using OpenEHR","volume":"11","author":"Wulff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1301660","article-title":"Health data space nodes for privacy-preserving linkage of medical data to support collaborative secondary analyses","volume":"11","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae013","article-title":"Beyond compliance with the 21st Century Cures Act Rule: a patient controlled electronic health information export application programming interface","volume":"31","author":"Phelan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae064","article-title":"The National Healthcare Safety Network\u2019s digital quality measures: CDC\u2019s automated measures for surveillance of patient safety","volume":"31","author":"Shehab","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301557","article-title":"The OMOP common data model in Australian primary care data: building a quality research ready harmonised dataset","volume":"19","author":"Ward","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15164059","article-title":"Mapping the oncological basis dataset to the standardized vocabularies of a common data model: a feasibility study","volume":"15","author":"Carus","year":"2023","journal-title":"cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283601","article-title":"Learning important common data elements from shared study data: the all of Us program analysis","volume":"18","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02580-7","article-title":"Scalable infrastructure supporting reproducible nationwide healthcare data analysis toward FAIR stewardship","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0610","article-title":"Conversion of CPRD AURUM data into the OMOP common data model","volume":"43","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Med. Unlocked"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooad100","article-title":"Transforming estonian health data to the observational medical outcomes partnership (OMOP) common data model: lessons learned","volume":"6","author":"Oja","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104925","article-title":"An ETL-process design for data harmonization to participate in international research with German real-world data based on FHIR and OMOP CDM","volume":"169","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0625","article-title":"Towards interoperability in infection control: a standard data model for microbiology","volume":"10","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocad061","article-title":"Creation of a structured molecular genomics report for Germany as a local adaption of HL7\u2019s Genomic Reporting Implementation Guide","volume":"30","author":"Stellmach","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582211071019","article-title":"Development of eClaim system for private indemnity health insurance in South Korea: Compatibility and interoperability","volume":"28","author":"Bae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Informatics J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0640","article-title":"Mapping cancer registry data to the episode domain of the observational medical outcomes partnership model (OMOP)","volume":"12","author":"Carus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci. (Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/37821","article-title":"Methodological issues in using a common data model of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and important adverse events of interest: feasibility study of data and connectivity COVID-19 vaccines pharmacovigilance in the United Kingdom","volume":"6","author":"Delanerolle","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Formative Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/36709","article-title":"The architecture of a feasibility query portal for distributed COVID-19 fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR) patient data repositories: design and implementation study","volume":"10","author":"Gruendner","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/40338","article-title":"Shared interoperable clinical decision support service for drug-allergy interaction checks: implementation study","volume":"10","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/35789","article-title":"Generation of a fast healthcare interoperability resources (FHIR)-based ontology for federated feasibility queries in the context of COVID-19: feasibility study","volume":"10","author":"Rosenau","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-021-04039-1","article-title":"vcf2fhir: a utility to convert VCF files into HL7 FHIR format for genomics-EHR integration","volume":"22","author":"Dolin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0670","article-title":"Transformation of electronic health records and questionnaire data to OMOP CDM: a feasibility study using SG_T2DM dataset","volume":"12","author":"Sathappan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Clin. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/29184","article-title":"A worker-centered personal health record app for workplace health promotion using national health care data sets: design and development study","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0680","article-title":"Incorporation of korean electronic data interchange vocabulary into observational medical outcomes partnership vocabulary","volume":"27","author":"Seong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare Inf. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2021.103790","article-title":"Building an OMOP common data model-compliant annotated corpus for COVID-19 clinical trials","volume":"118","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2022.106953","article-title":"Economic analysis of a single institutional review board data exchange standard in multisite clinical studies","volume":"122","author":"Eisenstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-021-00522-6","article-title":"Creating a MEDICAL IMAGING WORKFLOW BASED On FHIR, DICOMweb, and SVG","volume":"36","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Digit. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/49542","article-title":"Transforming primary care data into the observational medical outcomes partnership common data model: development and usability study","volume":"12","author":"Fruchart","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac203","article-title":"Transforming and evaluating the UK Biobank to the OMOP Common Data Model for COVID-19 research and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Papez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00981-9","article-title":"Common problems, common data model solutions: evidence generation for health technology assessment","volume":"39","author":"Kent","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0715","first-page":"634","article-title":"Reducing FHIR \u2018profiliferation\u2019: a data-driven approach","volume":"2022","author":"Kramer","year":"2022","journal-title":"AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0720","article-title":"BIcenter-AD: Harmonising Alzheimer\u2019s Disease cohorts using a common ETL tool","volume":"35","author":"Almeida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Med. Unlocked"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0725","unstructured":"Firely .NET SDK | The official .NET SDK for HL7 FHIR. Firely https:\/\/fire.ly\/products\/firely-net-sdk\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0730","unstructured":"Firely. The FHIR collaboration platform - SIMPLIFIER.NET. https:\/\/simplifier.net\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0735","first-page":"58","article-title":"The openEHR Java reference implementation project","volume":"129","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stud. Health Technol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2024.105591","article-title":"A survey of openEHR clinical data repositories","volume":"191","author":"Delussu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104757","article-title":"Performance of an openEHR based hospital information system","volume":"162","author":"Kryszyn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0750","unstructured":"Maturity Assessment Levels: Information Systems for Health - PAHO\/WHO | Pan American Health Organization. https:\/\/www.paho.org\/en\/documents\/maturity-assessment-levels-information-systems-health (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0755","unstructured":"Interoperability, F. under:, systems, I., Toolkit, Systems, H. I., & HIS. Health Information Systems Interoperability Maturity Toolkit \u2014 MEASURE Evaluation. https:\/\/www.measureevaluation.org\/tools\/health-information-systems-interoperability-toolkit.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0760","unstructured":"Maturity Model | HIMSS. https:\/\/www.himss.org\/maturity-models\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa255","article-title":"A digital health profile & maturity assessment toolkit: cocreation and testing in the Pacific Islands","volume":"28","author":"Liaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022_b0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smolik, W. T., Midura, M., Wr\u00f3blewski, P., Kryszyn, J., Wanta, D. Comparison of OpenEHR and HL7 FHIR Standards. Int. J. Electr. Telecommun.; 2023; vol. 69; No 1; 47-52 https:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/144330\/edition\/126538 (2023).","DOI":"10.24425\/ijet.2023.144330"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532046426000468?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1532046426000468?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:52:45Z","timestamp":1778874765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1532046426000468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":154,"alternative-id":["S1532046426000468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-0464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-0464","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Challenges of health data standard adoption and usage: a systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2026.105022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105022"}}