{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:17:45Z","timestamp":1768288665926,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012449","name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Computational Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:54:14Z","timestamp":1759514054000},"page":"114428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fast-convergence and asymptotic-preserving simulation of neutral particle flows in the plasma edge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"544","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yanbing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-5041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10894-021-00290-9","article-title":"Progress of divertor heat and particle flux control in EAST for advanced steady-state operation in the last 10 years","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Fusion Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0002","series-title":"The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices","author":"Stangeby","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0003","article-title":"Physics basis for the first ITER tungsten divertor","volume":"20","author":"Pitts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nuclear Mater. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/ctpp.200810024","article-title":"Benchmarking kinetic and fluid neutral models with drift effects","volume":"48","author":"Hoshino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contrib. Plasma Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0005","series-title":"Optimal Plasma Edge Configurations for Next-Step Fusion Reactors","author":"Dekeyser","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/ctpp.2150380148","article-title":"Modeling of neutral plasma in a divertor in the fluid-kinetic transition","volume":"38","author":"Karney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contrib. Plasma Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0007","series-title":"Molecular Gas Dynamics and the Direct Simulation of Gas Flows","author":"Bird","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s42774-024-00188-y","article-title":"Multiscale simulation of rarefied gas dynamics via direct intermittent GSIS-DSMC coupling","volume":"6","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Aerodyn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.172","DOI":"10.13182\/FST47-172","article-title":"THE EIRENE AND B2-EIRENE CODES","volume":"47","author":"Reiter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fusion Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0010","series-title":"Direct Methods for Solving the Boltzmann Equation and Study of Nonequilibrium Flows","author":"Aristov","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2017.11.006","article-title":"A comparative study of discrete velocity methods for low-speed rarefied gas flows","volume":"161","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2017.03.002","article-title":"A fast iterative scheme for the linearized Boltzmann equation","volume":"338","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2017.10.010","article-title":"An efficient numerical method for solving the Boltzmann equation in multidimensions","volume":"353","author":"Dimarco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2020.109245","article-title":"Can we find steady-state solutions to multiscale rarefied gas flows within dozens of iterations?","volume":"407","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2023.112128","article-title":"A time-relaxed Monte Carlo method preserving the Navier-Stokes asymptotics","volume":"486","author":"Fei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.113959","article-title":"Boosting the convergence of DSMC by GSIS","volume":"532","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2010.06.032","article-title":"A unified gas-kinetic scheme for continuum and rarefied flows","volume":"229","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.88.033305","article-title":"Discrete unified gas kinetic scheme for all Knudsen number flows: low-speed isothermal case","volume":"88","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physical Review E"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2013.12.046","article-title":"An efficient particle Fokker\u2013Planck algorithm for rarefied gas flows","volume":"262","author":"Gorji","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2019.108972","article-title":"A unified stochastic particle Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook method for multiscale gas flows","volume":"400","author":"Fei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2019.108977","article-title":"Unified gas-kinetic wave-particle methods I: continuum and rarefied gas flow","volume":"401","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2024.106374","article-title":"Efficient parallel solver for rarefied gas flow using GSIS","volume":"281","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B1517","DOI":"10.1137\/20M132691X","article-title":"Fast convergence and asymptotic preserving of the general synthetic iterative scheme","volume":"42","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"SIAM J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2020.109308","article-title":"A hybrid fluid-kinetic model for hydrogenic atoms in the plasma edge of Tokamaks based on a micro-macro decomposition of the kinetic equation","volume":"409","author":"Horsten","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2024.113366","article-title":"A design optimization method for rarefied and continuum gas flows","volume":"517","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114102","article-title":"Adjoint shape optimization from the continuum to free-molecular gas flows","volume":"537","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/aa8009","article-title":"Development and assessment of 2D fluid neutral models that include atomic databases and a microscopic reflection model","volume":"57","author":"Horsten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0028","article-title":"Extended fluid transport theory in the Tokamak plasma edge","volume":"57","author":"Stacey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0029","series-title":"The Mathematical Theory of Non-uniform Gases","author":"Chapman","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0030","series-title":"31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting","first-page":"880","article-title":"On the accuracy of limiters and convergence to steady state solutions","author":"Venkatakrishnan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.2514\/3.9724","article-title":"Lower-upper implicit schemes with multiple grids for the Euler equations","volume":"25","author":"Jameson","year":"1987","journal-title":"AIAA Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.2514\/3.10007","article-title":"Lower-upper symmetric-Gauss-Seidel method for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations","volume":"26","author":"Yoon","year":"1988","journal-title":"AIAA Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2021.07.014","article-title":"The modified Rusanov scheme for solving the ultra-relativistic Euler equations","volume":"90","author":"Mohamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mechan.-B\/Fluids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1006\/jcph.1998.6076","article-title":"A fast, matrix-free implicit method for compressible flows on unstructured grids","volume":"146","author":"Luo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2024.112830","article-title":"Further acceleration of multiscale simulation of rarefied gas flow via a generalized boundary treatment","volume":"503","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4940309","article-title":"Comparison of fluid neutral models for one-dimensional plasma edge modeling with a finite volume solution of the Boltzmann equation","volume":"23","author":"Horsten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Plasmas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2024.1047","article-title":"Kinetic modelling of rarefied gas mixtures with disparate mass in strong non-equilibrium flows","volume":"1001","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Fluid. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2024.113420","article-title":"General synthetic iterative scheme for rarefied gas mixture flows","volume":"519","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021999125007107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021999125007107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:09:49Z","timestamp":1761844189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021999125007107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0021999125007107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9991","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fast-convergence and asymptotic-preserving simulation of neutral particle flows in the plasma edge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Computational Physics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114428","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114428"}}