{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T05:04:27Z","timestamp":1779858267912,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004519","name":"Tian Yuan Mathematical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004519","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Computational Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:41:07Z","timestamp":1777045267000},"page":"114972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A modified ensemble Kalman filter method with an adaptive ensemble strategy for multiphase flow systems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"561","author":[{"given":"Zihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junseok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4847-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yibao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.05.102","article-title":"Numerical simulation of underground hydrogen storage converted from a depleted low-permeability oil reservoir","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2024.104780","article-title":"Pore-scale insights into CO2-water two-phase flow and implications for benefits of geological carbon storage","volume":"191","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2020.124917","article-title":"Research of double emulsion formation and shell-thickness influence factors in a novel six-way junction microfluidic device","volume":"601","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2022.117874","article-title":"Numerical simulation of droplet formation in a microfluidic T-junction using a dynamic contact angle model","volume":"261","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114404","article-title":"On the unconditionally stable phase field model of ternary components system considering liquid-solid phase transition","volume":"543","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2025.109071","article-title":"Phase field modeling of fiber-based thermal diffusion and phase transitions in the fused deposition modeling process","volume":"151","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5116035","article-title":"An interface-compressed diffuse interface method and its application for multiphase flows","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40314-025-03490-7","article-title":"Numerical analysis of the Allen-Cahn equation on non-uniform cell sizes","volume":"45","author":"Xia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2014.08.002","article-title":"An efficient algorithm for incompressible N-phase flows","volume":"276","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2025.118338","article-title":"A dual-energy physics-informed multi-material topology optimization method within the phase-field framework","volume":"447","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enganabound.2025.106618","article-title":"Efficient phase field structural design algorithm for reliability-based topology optimization with material uncertainties","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2022.106782","article-title":"Thermal-fluid topology optimization with unconditional energy stability and second-order accuracy via phase-field model","volume":"116","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2016.07.017","article-title":"Multi-component Cahn-Hilliard system with different boundary conditions in complex domains","volume":"323","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0135490","article-title":"On the conservative phase-field method with the N-component incompressible flows","volume":"35","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2025.116784","article-title":"Structure-preserving, weighted implicit\u2013explicit schemes for multi-phase incompressible Navier-Stokes\/Darcy coupled nonlocal Allen\u2013Cahn model","volume":"472","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2013.01.051","article-title":"Inflow and initial conditions for direct numerical simulation based on adjoint data assimilation","volume":"242","author":"Gronskis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0017","series-title":"Atmospheric Data Analysis","author":"Daley","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0018","series-title":"Data Assimilation: the Ensemble Kalman Filter","author":"Evensen","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0019","series-title":"Data Assimilation: Methods, Algorithms, and Applications","author":"Asch","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2019.02.004","article-title":"Search for common minima in joint optimization of multiple cost functions","volume":"241","author":"Adachi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-021-1088-9","article-title":"Satellite all-sky infrared radiance assimilation: recent progress and future perspectives","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-23-0057.1","article-title":"Assimilation of GOES-16 ABI all-sky radiance observations in RRFS using EnVar: methodology, system development, and impacts for a severe convective event","volume":"151","author":"Degelia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mon. Wea. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0023","article-title":"Verification of eddy properties in operational oceanographic analysis systems","volume":"164","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocean Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-13-1267-2020","article-title":"Data assimilation of in situ and satellite remote sensing data to 3D hydrodynamic lake models: a case study using Delft3D-FLOW v4.03 and OpenDA v2.4","volume":"13","author":"Baracchini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10143","DOI":"10.1029\/94JC00572","article-title":"Sequential data assimilation with a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic model using Monte Carlo methods to forecast error statistics","volume":"99","author":"Evensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-003-0036-9","article-title":"The ensemble Kalman filter: theoretical formulation and practical implementation","volume":"53","author":"Evensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2021.110481","article-title":"A multigrid\/ensemble Kalman filter strategy for assimilation of unsteady flows","volume":"443","author":"Moldovan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2022.111621","article-title":"Optimized parametric inference for the inner loop of the multigrid ensemble Kalman filter","volume":"471","author":"Moldovan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3662552","article-title":"A new approach to linear filtering and prediction problems","volume":"82","author":"Kalman","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Basic Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2022.111776","article-title":"Data assimilation with phase-field lattice Boltzmann method for dendrite growth with liquid flow and solid motion","volume":"215","author":"Yamamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2017.05.014","article-title":"Data-assimilated computational fluid dynamics modeling of convection-diffusion-reaction problems","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0032","article-title":"An innovative three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics-iterative ensemble Kalman filter model for the prediction of heavy gas leakage and dispersion in enclosed workplaces: case study for hydrogen sulfide leakage","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1134","DOI":"10.1137\/20M1349965","article-title":"A multifidelity ensemble Kalman filter with reduced order control variates","volume":"43","author":"Popov","year":"2021","journal-title":"SIAM J. Sci. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0034","article-title":"Phase-field modeling of solid-state sintering with interfacial anisotropy","volume":"35","author":"Ishii","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(02)00133-6","article-title":"Visual contour tracking based on particle filters","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10596-010-9202-6","article-title":"Relation between two common localisation methods for the EnKF","volume":"15","author":"Sakov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1998)126<0796:DAUAEK>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Data assimilation using an ensemble Kalman filter technique","volume":"126","author":"Houtekamer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2001)129<2776:DDFOBE>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Distance-dependent filtering of background error covariance estimates in an ensemble Kalman filter","volume":"129","author":"Hamill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0039","first-page":"423","article-title":"Assessing a local ensemble Kalman filter: perfect model experiments with the NCEP global model","volume":"56A","author":"Szunyogh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1615\/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.2019029059","article-title":"An adaptive multifidelity PC-based ensemble Kalman inversion for inverse problems","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Uncertain. Quantificat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2025.109544","article-title":"Deep learning-enhanced reduced-order ensemble Kalman filter for efficient Bayesian data assimilation of parametric PDEs","volume":"311","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2025.114442","article-title":"Data-driven operator inference for parameter estimation in nonlinear partial differential equations","volume":"544","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2025.12.024","article-title":"Efficient prediction of phase-field crystal dynamics via \u03b2-variational autoencoders and time-series transformers on coupled physical fields","volume":"204","author":"Lv","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2024.107822","article-title":"An efficient and fast adaptive numerical method for a novel phase-field model of crystal growth","volume":"131","author":"Ham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2018.10.020","article-title":"Fast and accurate adaptive finite difference method for dendritic growth","volume":"236","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2021.103561","article-title":"A fast and practical adaptive finite difference method for the conservative Allen\u2013Cahn model in two-phase flow system","volume":"137","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiph. Flow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2024.113711","article-title":"A novel ensemble Kalman filter based data assimilation method with an adaptive strategy for dendritic crystal growth","volume":"524","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11079-y","article-title":"Dendrite fragmentation induced by massive-like \u03b4-\u03b3 transformation in Fe-C alloys","volume":"10","author":"Yasuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.23.010191.001401","article-title":"Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics","volume":"23","author":"Adrian","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1002\/wrcr.20084","article-title":"A new technique for obtaining high-resolution pore pressure records in thick claystone aquitards and its use to determine in situ compressibility","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021999126003256?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0021999126003256?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T04:45:04Z","timestamp":1779857104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0021999126003256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0021999126003256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9991","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A modified ensemble Kalman filter method with an adaptive ensemble strategy for multiphase flow systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Computational Physics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2026.114972","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114972"}}