{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T12:11:24Z","timestamp":1781093484249,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Information Management Data Insights"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:00:13Z","timestamp":1773234013000},"page":"100404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benchmarking Large Language Models on Arabic parsing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5554-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Al-Sabahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer Fael Mohammed","family":"Balhaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Moheb Zagloul Al","family":"Shamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majjed","family":"Al-Qatf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Al-Badwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b1","series-title":"Proceedings of the 47th international ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in information retrieval","first-page":"2049","article-title":"Arabicaqa: A comprehensive dataset for arabic question answering","author":"Abdallah","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b2","series-title":"Proceedings of the second arabic natural language processing conference","first-page":"383","article-title":"Rematchka at arabicNLU2024: Evaluating large language models for arabic word sense and location sense disambiguation","author":"Abdel-Salam","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b3","series-title":"Proceedings of the 18th conference of the European chapter of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: long papers)","first-page":"487","article-title":"LArabench: Benchmarking arabic AI with large language models","author":"Abdelali","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b4","article-title":"Exploring the performance of tagging for the classical and the modern standard arabic","volume":"2019","author":"AbuZeina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Fuzzy Sys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b5","series-title":"2024 international joint conference on neural networks","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comprehensive framework and empirical analysis for evaluating large language models in arabic dialect identification","author":"Al-Azani","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app13074225","article-title":"Fine-tuning BERT-based pre-trained models for arabic dependency parsing","volume":"13","author":"Al-Ghamdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b7","series-title":"Assessing the arabic parsing capabilities of ChatGPT and cloude: An expert-based comparative study","first-page":"16","author":"Aljanabi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b8","series-title":"Proceedings of arabicNLP 2023","first-page":"244","article-title":"Alghafa evaluation benchmark for arabic language models","author":"Almazrouei","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b9","article-title":"An arabic grammar auditor based on dependency grammar","volume":"2020","author":"Alothman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app13095609","article-title":"Affect analysis in arabic text: Further pre-training language models for sentiment and emotion","volume":"13","author":"Alshehri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b11","series-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: long papers)","first-page":"12753","article-title":"Peacock: A family of arabic multimodal large language models and benchmarks","author":"Alwajih","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b12","series-title":"MorphBPE: A morpho-aware tokenizer bridging linguistic complexity for efficient LLM training across morphologies","author":"Asgari","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b13","series-title":"Proceedings of the ninth workshop on noisy and user-generated text (w-NUT 2024)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Correcting challenging finnish learner texts with claude, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 large language models","author":"Creutz","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b14","series-title":"Proceedings of arabicNLP 2023","first-page":"170","article-title":"CamelParser2.0: A state-of-the-art dependency parser for arabic","author":"Elshabrawy","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b15","series-title":"Proceedings of the 58th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics: system demonstrations","first-page":"70","article-title":"SyntaxGym: An online platform for targeted evaluation of language models","author":"Gauthier","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b16","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing: tutorial abstracts","first-page":"9","article-title":"Arabic natural language processing","author":"Habash","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b17","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 conference short papers","first-page":"221","article-title":"CATib: The columbia arabic treebank","author":"Habash","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b18","series-title":"Large language models: A comprehensive survey of its applications, challenges, limitations, and future prospects","author":"Hadi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b19","series-title":"Prague arabic dependency treebank 1.0","author":"Hajic","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b20","series-title":"Prague arabic dependency treebank 1.0","author":"Haji\u010d","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b21","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies (volume 1: long papers)","first-page":"8139","article-title":"AceGPT, localizing large language models in arabic","author":"Huang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b22","series-title":"Proceedings of the second arabic natural language processing conference","first-page":"283","article-title":"Benchmarking LLaMA-3 on arabic language generation tasks","author":"Khondaker","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b23","series-title":"Proceedings of the 36th international conference on neural information processing systems","first-page":"22199","article-title":"Large language models are zero-shot reasoners","author":"Kojima","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b24","series-title":"Arabiangpt: Native arabic GPT-based large language model","author":"Koubaa","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b25","series-title":"Proceedings of arabicNLP 2023","first-page":"101","article-title":"Beyond english: Evaluating LLMs for arabic grammatical error correction","author":"Kwon","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3560815","article-title":"Pre-train, prompt, and predict: A systematic survey of prompting methods in natural language processing","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"issue":"10, Part B","key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2022.08.020","article-title":"Computer-assisted i\u2018raab of arabic sentences for teaching grammar to students","volume":"34","author":"Mannaa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b28","series-title":"Proceedings of the 61st annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 1: long papers)","first-page":"12573","article-title":"Large-scale lifelong learning of in-context instructions and how to tackle it","author":"Mok","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324918000426","article-title":"Arabic community question answering","volume":"25","author":"NAKOV","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natural Language Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b30","series-title":"A reference grammar of modern standard arabic","author":"Ryding","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b31","series-title":"Fanar: An arabic-centric multimodal generative AI platform","author":"Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00321","article-title":"BLiMP: The benchmark of linguistic minimal pairs for english","volume":"8","author":"Warstadt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404_b33","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","first-page":"6508","article-title":"Counting the bugs in chatGPT\u2018s wugs: A multilingual investigation into the morphological capabilities of a large language model","author":"Weissweiler","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Information Management Data Insights"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667096826000170?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667096826000170?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:54:33Z","timestamp":1781092473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667096826000170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2667096826000170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-0968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-0968","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Benchmarking Large Language Models on Arabic parsing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Information Management Data Insights","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjimei.2026.100404","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100404"}}