{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T18:31:41Z","timestamp":1770921101037,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["347501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["347501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["353769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["353769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["368494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["368494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Multivariate Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:23:16Z","timestamp":1765412596000},"page":"105587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A method for sparse and robust independent component analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6357-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauri","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joni","family":"Virta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b1","series-title":"Independent Component Analysis","author":"Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.-F. Cardoso, A. Souloumiac, Blind beamforming for non-Gaussian signals, in: IEE Proceedings F-Radar and Signal Processing, vol. 140, pp. 362\u2013370.","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-f-2.1993.0054"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1109\/72.761722","article-title":"Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for independent component analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.1440","article-title":"Independent component analysis: A statistical perspective","volume":"10","author":"Nordhausen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Comput. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2009.00706.x","article-title":"Invariant co-ordinate selection","volume":"71","author":"Tyler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.-F. Cardoso, Source separation using higher order moments, in: International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 4, pp. 2109\u20132112.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1989.266878"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2005.850882","article-title":"A sparse signal reconstruction perspective for source localization with sensor arrays","volume":"53","author":"Malioutov","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.12.022","article-title":"Sparse ICA via cluster-wise PCA","volume":"69","author":"Babaie-Zadeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-69319-4_6","article-title":"Sparse component analysis: a new tool for data mining","author":"Georgiev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Data Min. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2017.07.003","article-title":"Sparsity and independence: Balancing two objectives in optimization for source separation with application to fMRI analysis","volume":"355","author":"Boukouvalas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Franklin Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(02)00512-X","article-title":"Imposing sparsity on the mixing matrix in independent component analysis","volume":"49","author":"Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Zhang, L.-W. Chan, ICA with sparse connections, in: International Conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning, Springer, pp. 530\u2013537.","DOI":"10.1007\/11875581_64"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Zhang, H. Peng, L. Chan, A. Hyv\u00e4rinen, ICA with sparse connections: Revisited, in: Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation: 8th International Conference, ICA 2009, Paraty, Brazil, March (2009) 15-18. Proceedings 8, Springer, pp. 195\u2013202.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00599-2_25"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Palsson, M.O. Ulfarsson, J.R. Sveinsson, Sparse Gaussian noisy independent component analysis, in: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP, IEEE, pp. 4224\u20134228.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2014.6854398"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2018.08.027","article-title":"Sparse-group independent component analysis with application to yield curves prediction","volume":"133","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Statist. Data Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b16","series-title":"Estimation of structural causal model via sparsely mixing independent component analysis","author":"Harada","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b17","first-page":"47960","article-title":"On the identifiability of sparse ICA without assuming non-Gaussianity","volume":"36","author":"Ng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b18","series-title":"Sparse Gaussian ICA","author":"Abrahamsen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asm044","article-title":"Sparse sufficient dimension reduction","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1198\/106186006X113430","article-title":"Sparse principal component analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comput. Graph. Statist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b21","first-page":"91","article-title":"Robust independent component analysis based on two scatter matrices","volume":"37","author":"Nordhausen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Austrian J. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b22","series-title":"IEEE\/SP 13th Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing","first-page":"61","article-title":"Robust independent component analysis","author":"Baloch","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2013.2247024","article-title":"Robust independent component analysis via minimum \u03b3-divergence estimation","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b24","first-page":"2448","article-title":"Semiparametrically efficient inference based on signed ranks in symmetric independent component models","author":"Ilmonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2014.909316","article-title":"R-estimation for asymmetric independent component analysis","volume":"110","author":"Hallin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Amer. Statist. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00740.x","article-title":"Stability selection","volume":"72","author":"Meinshausen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b27","first-page":"175","article-title":"Scatter matrices and independent component analysis","volume":"35","author":"Oja","year":"2006","journal-title":"Austrian J. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asv022","article-title":"A cautionary note on robust covariance plug-in methods","volume":"102","author":"Nordhausen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2015.12.006","article-title":"One-step M-estimates of scatter and the independence property","volume":"110","author":"Virta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Statist. Probab. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176350263","article-title":"A distribution-free M-estimator of multivariate scatter","volume":"15","author":"Tyler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2006.07.010","article-title":"Independent component analysis based on symmetrised scatter matrices","volume":"51","author":"Taskinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Statist. Data Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b32","series-title":"Matrix Analysis","author":"Horn","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b33","series-title":"Group Sparsity in Regression and PCA","author":"Deng","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b34","series-title":"Robust Statistics","author":"Huber","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1214\/15-SS109","article-title":"M-functionals of multivariate scatter","volume":"9","author":"D\u00fcmbgen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2015.11.009","article-title":"New algorithms for M-estimation of multivariate scatter and location","volume":"144","author":"D\u00fcmbgen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Multivariate Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2007.06.005","article-title":"Symmetrised M-estimators of multivariate scatter","volume":"98","author":"Sirki\u00e4","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Multivariate Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b38","series-title":"fastM: Fast computation of multivariate M-estimators","author":"D\u00fcmbgen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b39","series-title":"ICSNP: Tools for multivariate nonparametrics","author":"Nordhausen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b40","first-page":"37","article-title":"Multivariate estimation with high breakdown point","volume":"8","author":"Rousseeuw","year":"1985","journal-title":"Math. Stat. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003573311481","article-title":"On Tyler\u2019s M-functional of scatter in high dimension","volume":"50","author":"D\u00fcmbgen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Inst. Statist. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Miettinen, K. Nordhausen, S. Taskinen, D.E. Tyler, On the computation of symmetrized M-estimators of scatter, in: Recent Advances in Robust Statistics: Theory and Applications, Springer, pp. 151\u2013167.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-3643-6_8"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b43","series-title":"The Notion of Breakdown Point","author":"Donoho","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b44","first-page":"51","article-title":"Robust M-estimators of multivariate location and scatter","author":"Maronna","year":"1976","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b45","series-title":"Breakdown properties of the M-estimators of multivariate scatter","author":"Tyler","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9469.2005.00425.x","article-title":"On the breakdown properties of some multivariate M-functionals","volume":"32","author":"D\u00fcmbgen","year":"2005","journal-title":"ScAndin. J. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b47","series-title":"Elasticnet: Elastic-net for sparse estimation and sparse PCA","author":"Zou","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1015957397","article-title":"Asymptotics for lasso-type estimators","volume":"28","author":"Fu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13171-011-0006-0","article-title":"Strong consistency of lasso estimators","volume":"73","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sankhy\u0101"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2010.08.010","article-title":"Characteristics of multivariate distributions and the invariant coordinate system","volume":"80","author":"Ilmonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Statist. Probab. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1214\/15-STS520","article-title":"Fourth moments and independent component analysis","volume":"30","author":"Miettinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Statist. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10463-023-00879-1","article-title":"Approximating symmetrized estimators of scatter via balanced incomplete U-statistics","volume":"76","author":"D\u00fcmbgen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Inst. Statist. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b53","series-title":"Statistical Learning with Sparsity","author":"Hastie","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v076.i02","article-title":"Blind source separation based on joint diagonalization in R: The packages JADE and BSSasymp","volume":"76","author":"Miettinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2018-046","article-title":"fICA: Fastica algorithms and their improved variants","volume":"10","author":"Miettinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"R J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12291","article-title":"Sparse generalized eigenvalue problem: Optimal statistical rates via truncated Rayleigh flow","volume":"80","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b57","series-title":"Rifle: Sparse generalized eigenvalue problem","author":"Tan","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b58","series-title":"Causality","author":"Pearl","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b59","article-title":"A linear non-Gaussian acyclic model for causal discovery","volume":"7","author":"Shimizu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.O. Hoyer, S. Shimizu, A. Hyv\u00e4rinen, Y. Kano, A.J. Kerminen, New permutation algorithms for causal discovery using ICA, in: Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation: 6th International Conference, ICA 2006, Charleston, SC, USA, March (2006) 5-8. Proceedings 6, Springer, pp. 115\u2013122.","DOI":"10.1007\/11679363_15"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b61","first-page":"135","article-title":"Determining the signal dimension in second order source separation","volume":"31","author":"Virta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Statist. Sinica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2005.05.003","article-title":"A high-dimensional test for the equality of the smallest eigenvalues of a covariance matrix","volume":"97","author":"Schott","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Multivariate Anal."}],"container-title":["Journal of Multivariate Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047259X25001824?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0047259X25001824?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:46:52Z","timestamp":1770918412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0047259X25001824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0047259X25001824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-259X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-259X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A method for sparse and robust independent component analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Multivariate Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmva.2025.105587","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105587"}}