{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T23:53:24Z","timestamp":1773964404881,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Systems and Software"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T22:53:02Z","timestamp":1766703182000},"page":"112759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["On software testing reference ontologies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Havakeshian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvan","family":"Labiche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSWIS.2021010105","article-title":"Learning non-taxonomic relations of ontologies: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Semant. Web Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0002","series-title":"Ibero-American Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"349","article-title":"A systematic approach for building ontologies","author":"de Almeida","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0003","series-title":"ACM Symposium on Applied Computing","first-page":"323","article-title":"Towards an enterprise ontology pattern language","author":"de Almeida","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0004","series-title":"International Conference on the Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data","first-page":"61","article-title":"Organizing ontology design patterns as ontology pattern languages","author":"de Almeida Falbo","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0005","series-title":"EDOC International Workshop on Vocabularies, Ontologies and Rules for the Enterprise","first-page":"527","article-title":"Establishing a common vocabulary for software organizations understand software processes","author":"de Almeida Falbo","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0006","series-title":"Conferencia Iberoamericana En Software Engineering","first-page":"506","article-title":"Semantic documentation in requirements engineering","author":"de Almeida Falbo","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0007","series-title":"The elements of UML 2.0 style","author":"Ambler","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0008","series-title":"Introduction to software testing","author":"Ammann","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0009","unstructured":"Anandaraj, A., Kalaivani, P., Rameshkumar, V., 2013. Development of ontology-based intelligent system for software testing. arXiv: 1302.5215."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2012.03.003","article-title":"An architectural model for software testing lesson learned systems","volume":"55","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0011","series-title":"Databases and Information Systems VII","first-page":"263","article-title":"Semi-automatic generation of a software testing lightweight ontology from a glossary based on the ONTO6 methodology","author":"Arnicans","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0012","series-title":"Innovations and Advances in Computing, Informatics, Systems Sciences, Networking and Engineering","first-page":"349","article-title":"Transformation of the software testing glossary into a browsable concept map","author":"Arnicans","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0013","series-title":"International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops","first-page":"381","article-title":"On factors that impact the relationship between code coverage and test suite effectiveness: a survey","author":"Barani","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0014","series-title":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","first-page":"522","article-title":"Towards the establishment of an ontology of software testing","volume":"Vol. 6","author":"Barbosa","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0015","series-title":"Software modeling and measurement: the Goal\/Question\/Metric paradigm","author":"Basili","year":"1992"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0016","first-page":"1","article-title":"Owl web ontology language reference","volume":"10","author":"Bechhofer","year":"2004","journal-title":"W3C Recommendat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0017","series-title":"Software testing techniques","author":"Beizer","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-012-0159-y","article-title":"Guidelines for using UML association classes and their effect on domain understanding in requirements engineering","volume":"19","author":"Bera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Requirement. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0019","series-title":"International Workshop on Ontology, Conceptualization and Epistemology for Information Systems, Software Engineering and Service Science","first-page":"25","article-title":"Swtoi (software test ontology integrated) and its application in linux test","author":"Bezerra","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0020","series-title":"Testing object-oriented systems: models, patterns, and tools","author":"Binder","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0021","series-title":"The unified modeling language user guide","author":"Booch","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0022","series-title":"International Conference Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management","first-page":"527","article-title":"SEON: A software engineering ontology network","author":"Borges Ruy","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0023","series-title":"Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK(R))","author":"Bourque","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0024","series-title":"Conference on Data Mining and Data Warehouses","first-page":"166","article-title":"A survey of ontology evaluation techniques","author":"Brank","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0025","unstructured":"Breuker, J., Van de Velde, W., 1994. CommonKADS Library for Expertise Modelling."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0026","series-title":"Goal-driven definition of product metrics based on properties","author":"Briand","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2004.11.010","article-title":"A semiotic metrics suite for assessing the quality of ontologies","volume":"55","author":"Burton-Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Data Knowl. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.110485","article-title":"A systematic literature review on semantic web enabled software testing","volume":"162","author":"Dadkhah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-2011-0093","article-title":"Is there beauty in ontologies?","volume":"6","author":"d\u2019Aquin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Ontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0030","series-title":"International Conference on Conceptual Modeling","first-page":"349","article-title":"Towards an ontology of software defects, errors and failures","author":"Duarte","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0031","first-page":"159","article-title":"Oquare: a square-based approach for evaluating the quality of ontologies","volume":"43","author":"Duque-Ramos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Res. Pract. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01907-4_4","article-title":"Criteria and evaluation for ontology modularization techniques","author":"d\u2019Aquin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Modular Ontol.: Concept. Theor. Techn. Knowl. Modularizat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0033","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez, M., G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., Juristo, N., 1997. Methontology: from ontological art towards ontological engineering."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0034","series-title":"IEEE\/WIC\/ACM Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technologies","first-page":"400","article-title":"An ontology for guiding performance testing","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Freitas","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/0954482031000091068","article-title":"Product modularity: definitions and benefits","volume":"14","author":"GershensonJ. K","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Eng. Des."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(96)00067-X","article-title":"Towards a framework to verify knowledge sharing technology","volume":"11","author":"G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/knac.1993.1008","article-title":"A translation approach to portable ontology specifications","volume":"5","author":"Gruber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Knowl. Acquisit."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1995.1081","article-title":"Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing?","volume":"43","author":"Gruber","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0039","series-title":"Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing","article-title":"Methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies","author":"Gruninger","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0040","series-title":"Ontological foundations for structural conceptual models","author":"Guizzardi","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0041","series-title":"Databases and Information Systems IV: Selected Papers from the Seventh International Baltic Conference","first-page":"18","article-title":"Conceptualizations, modeling languages, and (meta) models","author":"Guizzardi","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-210256","article-title":"UFO: Unified foundational ontology","volume":"17","author":"Guizzardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Ontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0043","series-title":"International Conference on Software Engineering","first-page":"172","article-title":"Comparing multi-point stride coverage and dataflow coverage","author":"Hassan","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2007.20","article-title":"Possible ontologies: how reality constrains the development of relevant ontologies","volume":"11","author":"Hepp","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/25148625","article-title":"Design science in information systems research","author":"Hevner","year":"2004","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0046","first-page":"1","article-title":"Approaches, methods, metrics, measures, and subjectivity in ontology evaluation: a survey","volume":"1","author":"Hlomani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semantic Web J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0047","series-title":"Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference","first-page":"210","article-title":"A multi-agent software engineering environment for testing web-based applications","author":"Huo Q","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0048","first-page":"1","article-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE International standard - Systems and software engineering \u2013 Software life cycle processes","year":"2017","journal-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE 12207:2017(E) First edition 2017-11"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0049","first-page":"1","article-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE International standard - Software and systems engineering - Software testing - Part 1:general concepts","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE 29119-1:2022(E)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE International standard - Software and systems engineering - Software testing - Part 2:test processes","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE 29119-2:2021(E)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0051","first-page":"1","article-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE International standard - Software and systems engineering\u2013Software testing - Part 3:test documentation","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE 29119-3:2021(E)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0052","first-page":"1","article-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE International standard - Software and systems engineering - Software testing - Part 4: test techniques","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE 29119-4:2021(E)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0053","first-page":"1","article-title":"IEEE Standard glossary of software engineering terminology","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Std 610.12\u20131990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"IEEE Standard for software and system test documentation","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Std 829\u20132008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0055","unstructured":"ISTQB, 2024. International software testing qualification board. https:\/\/glossary.istqb.org\/en_US\/help\/istqb-homepage. Accessed: 2024-02-22."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/jdm.2004040101","article-title":"Ontometric: a method to choose the appropriate ontology","volume":"15","author":"Lozano-Tello","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Database Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0057","article-title":"Knowledge management systems: information and communication technologies for knowledge management","author":"Maier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Springer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0058","series-title":"International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems","first-page":"592","article-title":"Cd2alloy: class diagrams analysis using alloy revisited","author":"Maoz","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0059","series-title":"International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems","first-page":"153","article-title":"Semantically configurable consistency analysis for class and object diagrams","author":"Maoz","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0060","series-title":"Foundations of software testing","volume":"Vol. 184","author":"Mathur","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3329124","article-title":"Evaluating domain ontologies: clarification, classification, and challenges","volume":"52","author":"McDaniel","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0062","first-page":"116","article-title":"The use of ontologies for effective knowledge modeling and information retrieval","volume":"14","author":"Munir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0063","unstructured":"Musen MA, Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Team, 2015. The Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Project: A Look Back and a Look Forward. https:\/\/protege.stanford.edu\/. Accessed: 2024-09-10."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0064","series-title":"The art of software testing","author":"Myers","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0065","series-title":"Uma contribui\u00e7\u00e3o ao projeto arquitetural de ambientes de engenharia de software","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0066","first-page":"1","article-title":"ProSA-RA: a process for the design, representation, and evaluation of aspect-oriented reference architectures","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0067","series-title":"International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","first-page":"323","article-title":"Towards a reference architecture for software testing tools","volume":"Vol. 7","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-130125","article-title":"Towards ontology evaluation across the life cycle","volume":"8","author":"Neuhaus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Ontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0069","series-title":"Ontology development 101: a guide to creating your first ontology","author":"Noy","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0070","first-page":"53","article-title":"The state of the art in ontology design: a survey and comparative review","volume":"18","author":"Noy","year":"1997","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0071","series-title":"International Conference on Data and Software Engineering","first-page":"1","article-title":"Software metrics proposal for conformity checking of class diagram to SOLID design principles","author":"Oktafiani","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0072","first-page":"511","article-title":"Using a foundational ontology for reengineering a software process ontology","volume":"2","author":"de Oliveira Bringuente","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inf. Data Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2006.46","article-title":"Coupling metrics for ontology-based system","volume":"23","author":"Orme","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2298\/CSIS130129019C","article-title":"SABUMO-Dtest: design and evaluation of an intelligent collaborative distributed testing framework","volume":"11","author":"Palacios","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0075","series-title":"OWL: Experiences and Directions \u2013 Reasoner Evaluation: 2016 International Workshop, Revised Selected Papers","first-page":"55","article-title":"A simplified agile methodology for ontology development","author":"Peroni","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0076","series-title":"Eureopean Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"393","article-title":"Diligent: towards a fine-grained methodology for distributed, loosely-controlled and evolving engineering of ontologies","volume":"Vol. 16","author":"Pinto","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.104755","article-title":"Lot: an industrial oriented ontology engineering framework","volume":"111","author":"Poveda-Villal\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0078","series-title":"Software engineering: a practitioner\u2019s approach","author":"Pressman","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0079","series-title":"2023IEEE Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST)","first-page":"199","article-title":"Pairwise testing revisited for structured data with constraints","author":"Sartori","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0080","first-page":"1","article-title":"The less well-known UML: a short user guide","author":"Selic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Formal Method. Model-Driven Eng.: Int. School Formal Method. Des. Comput. Commun. Softw. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2014.05.016","article-title":"Knowledge management initiatives in software testing: a mapping study","volume":"57","author":"de Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3233\/AO-170177","article-title":"ROoSt: reference ontology on software testing","volume":"12","author":"Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Ontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0083","unstructured":"Srikanth, R., Ahmad, A., 2016. A top-domain ontology for software testing."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1145\/503271.503224","article-title":"The structure and value of modularity in software design","volume":"26","author":"Sullivan","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACM SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0085","series-title":"Conferencia Iberoamericana En Software Engineering","first-page":"364","article-title":"TestTDO: a top-Domain software testing ontology","author":"Tebes","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.24215\/16666038.21.e12","article-title":"Specifying and analyzing a software testing ontology at the top-domain ontological level","volume":"21","author":"Tebes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0087","series-title":"International Conference on Quality of Information and Communications Technology","first-page":"144","article-title":"A systematic review on software testing ontologies","author":"Tebes","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2020.106298","article-title":"Analyzing and documenting the systematic review results of software testing ontologies","volume":"123","author":"Tebes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Softw. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0089","series-title":"Annual Conference of the British Computer Society Specialists Group on Expert Systems","article-title":"Building ontologies: towards a unified methodology","author":"Uschold","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900007797","article-title":"Ontologies: principles, methods and applications","volume":"11","author":"Uschold","year":"1996","journal-title":"Knowl. Eng. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0091","series-title":"OTM Confederated International Conferences\u201d on the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems\u201d","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Unit tests for ontologies","author":"Vrande\u010di\u0107","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/25.4.465","article-title":"On testing non-testable programs","volume":"25","author":"Weyuker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0093","series-title":"International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for snowballing in systematic literature studies and a replication in software engineering","author":"Wohlin","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3844\/jcssp.2005.107.113","article-title":"Cohesion metrics for ontology design and application","volume":"1","author":"Yao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0095","series-title":"International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems","first-page":"485","article-title":"Reference ontology","author":"Zemmouchi-Ghomari","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0096","series-title":"International Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering","first-page":"129","article-title":"Ontology for service-oriented testing of web services","author":"Zhang","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0097","series-title":"International Computer Software and Applications Conference","first-page":"145","article-title":"A framework for service-oriented testing of web services","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Zhu","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0098","series-title":"Software Evolution with UML and XML","first-page":"263","article-title":"Developing software testing ontology in UML for a software growth environment of web-based applications","author":"Zhu","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2010.54","article-title":"Collaborative testing of web services","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7535-4_8","article-title":"A test automation framework for collaborative testing of web service dynamic compositions","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Web Serv."}],"container-title":["Journal of Systems and Software"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0164121225004285?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0164121225004285?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T21:26:53Z","timestamp":1773955613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0164121225004285"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["S0164121225004285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759","relation":{},"ISSN":["0164-1212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0164-1212","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"On software testing reference ontologies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Systems and Software","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2025.112759","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112759"}}