{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T03:11:08Z","timestamp":1778728268308,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Systems and Software"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T23:34:24Z","timestamp":1776900864000},"page":"112888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An end-to-end approach for fixing concurrency bugs via SHB-based context extractor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8143-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4680-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiuping","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keyang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongcheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b1","series-title":"2023 38th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","first-page":"1742","article-title":"Better patching using LLM prompting, via self-consistency","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b2","series-title":"Can LLMs patch security issues?","author":"Alrashedy","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b3","series-title":"Claude","author":"Anthropic","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2014.2372785","article-title":"The oracle problem in software testing: A survey","volume":"41","author":"Barr","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b5","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"780","article-title":"Tfix: Learning to fix coding errors with a text-to-text transformer","author":"Berabi","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blackshear, S., Gorogiannis, N., O\u2019Hearn, P.W., et al., 2018. RacerD: compositional static race detection. In: Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. OOPSLA, vol. 2, pp. 1\u201328.","DOI":"10.1145\/3276514"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Yan, Cao, Lingwei, 2016a. Fixing deadlocks via lock pre-acquisitions. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2016, Austin, TX, USA, May 14-22, 2016. pp. 1109\u20131120.","DOI":"10.1145\/2884781.2884819"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b8","series-title":"Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Software Engineering","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Fixing deadlocks via lock pre-acquisitions","author":"Cai","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b9","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering","first-page":"303","article-title":"Adaptively generating high quality fixes for atomicity violations","author":"Cai","year":"2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b10","first-page":"1943","article-title":"Sequencer: Sequence-to-sequence learning for end-to-end program repair","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b11","series-title":"Evaluating large language models trained on code","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3546942","article-title":"Hippodrome: Data race repair using static analysis summaries","volume":"32","author":"Costea","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b13","series-title":"Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation","first-page":"17","article-title":"REPT: reverse debugging of failures in deployed software","author":"Cui","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b14","series-title":"Fixing rust compilation errors using llms","author":"Deligiannis","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-005-3861-2","article-title":"Supporting controlled experimentation with testing techniques: An infrastructure and its potential impact","volume":"10","author":"Do","year":"2005","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b16","unstructured":"Erickson, J., Musuvathi, M., Burckhardt, S., et al., 2010. Effective Data-Race Detection for the Kernel. In: 9th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation. OSDI 10."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b17","series-title":"Infer","author":"Facebook","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1145\/1543135.1542490","article-title":"FastTrack: efficient and precise dynamic race detection","volume":"44","author":"Flanagan","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Sigplan Not."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b19","series-title":"Incoder: A generative model for code infilling and synthesis","author":"Fried","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, M., Tantithamthavorn, C., Le, T., et al., 2022. VulRepair: a T5-based automated software vulnerability repair. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. pp. 935\u2013947.","DOI":"10.1145\/3540250.3549098"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b21","series-title":"Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: A survey","first-page":"1","author":"Gao","year":"2023"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1145\/3318162","article-title":"Automated program repair","volume":"62","author":"Goues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1145\/2813885.2737975","article-title":"Stateless model checking concurrent programs with maximal causality reduction","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"SIGPLAN Not."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b24","series-title":"2023 38th IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","first-page":"1162","article-title":"An empirical study on fine-tuning large language models of code for automated program repair","author":"Huang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1145\/2398857.2384670","article-title":"Execution privatization for scheduler-oblivious concurrent programs","volume":"47","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"SIGPLAN Not."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b26","series-title":"Qwen2. 5-coder technical report","author":"Hui","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2023.103073","article-title":"TDFix: A lightweight tool for fixing deadlocks based on templates","volume":"233","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, N., Liu, K., Lutellier, T., Tan, L., 2023a. Impact of code language models on automated program repair. In: Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE\/ACM 45th International Conference on Software Engineering. ICSE, pp. 1430\u20131442.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE48619.2023.00125"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b29","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/ACM 45th International Conference on Software Engineering","first-page":"1430","article-title":"Impact of code language models on automated program repair","author":"Jiang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, M., Shahriar, S., Tufano, M., et al., 2023. Inferfix: End-to-end program repair with llms. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. pp. 1646\u20131656.","DOI":"10.1145\/3611643.3613892"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1145\/1993316.1993544","article-title":"Automated atomicity-violation fixing","volume":"46","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"SIGPLAN Not."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b32","unstructured":"Jin, G., Zhang, W., Deng, D., et al., 2013. Automated Concurrency-Bug Fixing. In: Usenix Conference on Operating Systems Design & Implementation. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b33","series-title":"RepoAudit: An autonomous LLM-agent for repository-level code auditing","author":"Jinyao","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.301","article-title":"Reinforcement learning: A survey","volume":"4","author":"Kaelbling","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Artificial Intelligence Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b35","series-title":"Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles","first-page":"582","article-title":"Lazy diagnosis of in-production concurrency bugs","author":"Kasikci","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasikci, B., Cui, W., Ge, X., et al., 2017. Lazy diagnosis of in-production concurrency bugs. In: Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. pp. 582\u2013598.","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132767"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b37","series-title":"Proc of the 2015 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis","first-page":"165","article-title":"ConcBugAssist: constraint solving for diagnosis and repair of concurrency bugs","author":"Khoshnood","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b38","unstructured":"Kolak, S.D., Martins, R., Le Goues, C., et al., 2022. Patch generation with language models: Feasibility and scaling behavior. In: Deep Learning for Code Workshop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b39","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Systems: Testing and Debugging","first-page":"54","article-title":"Healing data races on-the-fly","author":"Krena","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b40","first-page":"179","article-title":"Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system","author":"Lamport","year":"2019","journal-title":"Concurr.: Work. Leslie Lamport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b41","series-title":"2019 IEEE\/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings","first-page":"75","article-title":"Sword: A scalable whole program race detector for java","author":"Li","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, S., Nguyen, T.N., 2020. Dlfix: Context-based code transformation learning for automated program repair. In: Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering. pp. 602\u2013614.","DOI":"10.1145\/3377811.3380345"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, S., Nguyen, T.N., 2022. Dear: A novel deep learning-based approach for automated program repair. In: Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering. pp. 511\u2013523.","DOI":"10.1145\/3510003.3510177"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, S., Nguyen, T.N., et al., 2019b. Improving bug detection via context-based code representation learning and attention-based neural networks. In: Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages. OOPSLA, vol. 3, pp. 1\u201330.","DOI":"10.1145\/3360588"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H., Wang, Z., Liu, S., et al., 2018. Pfix: fixing concurrency bugs based on memory access patterns. In: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. pp. 589\u2013600.","DOI":"10.1145\/3238147.3238198"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Chen, Y., Lu, S., 2013. Understanding and generating high quality patches for concurrency bugs. In: Proceedings of the 2016 24th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering.","DOI":"10.1145\/2950290.2950309"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b47","series-title":"Deepseek-v3 technical report","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1145\/3296979.3192390","article-title":"D4: fast concurrency debugging with parallel differential analysis","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"SIGPLAN Not."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, P., Tripp, O., Zhang, C., 2014. Grail: Context-aware fixing of concurrency bugs. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering. pp. 318\u2013329.","DOI":"10.1145\/2635868.2635881"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b50","series-title":"Large language model-based agents for software engineering: A survey","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3560815","article-title":"Pre-train, prompt, and predict: A systematic survey of prompting methods in natural language processing","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b52","series-title":"2012 34th International Conference on Software Engineering","first-page":"299","article-title":"Axis: Automatically fixing atomicity violations through solving control constraints","author":"Liu","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, S., Park, S., Seo, E., et al., 2008. Learning from mistakes: a comprehensive study on real world concurrency bug characteristics. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. pp. 329\u2013339.","DOI":"10.1145\/1346281.1346323"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3016078.2851149","article-title":"Production-guided concurrency debugging","volume":"51","author":"Machado","year":"2016","journal-title":"SIGPLAN Not."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b55","series-title":"Self-refine: Iterative refinement with self-feedback","author":"Madaan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b56","series-title":"MODIT: On Multi-modal Learning of Editing Source Code. GitHub repository","author":"MODIT Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b57","series-title":"Coffee: Boost your code llms by fixing bugs with feedback","author":"Moon","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b58","series-title":"International Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation","first-page":"15","article-title":"CHESS: Systematic stress testing of concurrent software","author":"Musuvathi","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2007","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b59","first-page":"6","article-title":"Iterative context bounding for systematic testing of multithreaded programs","volume":"42","author":"Musuvathi","year":"2007","journal-title":"SIGPLAN Not."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayanasamy, S., Wang, Z., Tigani, J., et al., 2007. Automatically classifying benign and harmful data races using replay analysis. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. pp. 22\u201331.","DOI":"10.1145\/1250734.1250738"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b61","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/ACM 45th International Conference on Software Engineering","first-page":"2450","article-title":"Retrieval-based prompt selection for code-related few-shot learning","author":"Nashid","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, Hoan Anh, Nguyen, Tien N., Dig, Danny, Nguyen, Son, Tran, Hieu, Hilton, Michael, 2019. Graph-Based Mining of In-the-Wild, Fine-Grained, Semantic Code Change Patterns. In: 2019 IEEE\/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering. ICSE, pp. 819\u2013830.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2019.00089"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b63","series-title":"GPT-3.5 turbo documentation","author":"OpenAI","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b64","series-title":"GPT-4 turbo documentation","author":"OpenAI","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1145\/2528521.1508249","article-title":"Ctrigger: exposing atomicity violation bugs from their hiding places","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"SIGARCH Comput. Arch. News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b66","series-title":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation","first-page":"51","article-title":"A unified approach for localizing non-deadlock concurrency bugs","author":"Park","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b67","series-title":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation, Montreal, QC, Canada","first-page":"51","article-title":"A unified approach for localizing non-deadlock concurrency bugs","author":"Park","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b68","series-title":"The pecan benchmarks","author":"PECAN","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b69","unstructured":"Peng, Bowen, Quesnelle, Jeffrey, Fan, Honglu, Shippole, Enrico, 2024. Yarn: Efficient context window extension of large language models. In: The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b70","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Automated Program Repair","first-page":"69","article-title":"Can openai\u2019s codex fix bugs? An evaluation on QuixBugs","author":"Prenner","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b71","series-title":"Automatic program repair with OpenAI\u2019s codex: Evaluating QuixBugs","author":"Prenner","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015008417172","article-title":"Reinforcement learning agents","volume":"17","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b73","series-title":"Code llama: Open foundation models for code","author":"Rozi\u00e8re","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan, Gabriel, Cetin, Burcu, Lim, Yongwhan, Jana, Suman, 2024. Accurate Data Race Prediction in the Linux Kernel through Sparse Fourier Learning. In: Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 8. OOPSLA1, 123, (April 2024), 23 pages.","DOI":"10.1145\/3649840"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samak, M., Tripp, O., Ramanathan, M.K., 2016. Directed synthesis of failing concurrent executions. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications. pp. 430\u2013446.","DOI":"10.1145\/2983990.2984040"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2015.2477820","article-title":"Verifying synchronization for atomicity violation fixing","volume":"42","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b77","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering","article-title":"Optimistic prediction of synchronization-reversal data races","author":"Shi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2025.3581062","article-title":"RepairLLaMA: Efficient representations and fine-tuned adapters for program repair","volume":"51","author":"Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b79","series-title":"JaConTeBe object biography","author":"SIR","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3607182","article-title":"An interleaving guided metamorphic testing approach for concurrent programs","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b81","series-title":"LLM4vuln: A unified evaluation framework for decoupling and enhancing llms\u2019 vulnerability reasoning","author":"Sun","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b82","first-page":"7904","article-title":"Towards benchmarking situational awareness of large language models: Comprehensive benchmark","volume":"2024","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eval. Anal. Find. Assoc. Comput. Linguist.: EMNLP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b83","series-title":"The Economic Impacts of Inadequate Infrastructure for Software Testing","author":"Tassey","year":"2002"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b84","first-page":"1","article-title":"The economic impacts of inadequate infrastructure for software testing","volume":"7007","author":"Tassey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. RTI Proj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b85","series-title":"Proceedings of the 33rd ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","first-page":"64","article-title":"Effectiveness and challenges in generating concurrent tests for thread-safe classes","author":"Terragni","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3340544","article-title":"An empirical study on learning bug-fixing patches in the wild via neural machine translation","volume":"28","author":"Tufano","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. (TOSEM)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b87","series-title":"Proc of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","first-page":"6000","article-title":"Attention is all you need","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1145\/1013886.1007526","article-title":"Test input generation with java PathFinder","volume":"29","author":"Visser","year":"2004","journal-title":"SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b89","series-title":"T. j. watson libraries for analysis (wala)","author":"WALA","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b90","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Kelly, T., Kudlur, M., Lafortune, S., Mahlke, S., 2008. Gadara: dynamic deadlock avoidance for multithreaded programs. In: Proc. OSDI. pp. 281\u2013294."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1145\/1594834.1480913","article-title":"The theory of deadlock avoidance via discrete control","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Not."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b92","series-title":"Chain of thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models","author":"Wei","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b93","series-title":"Agentless: Demystifying llm-based software engineering agents","author":"Xia","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b94","series-title":"Practical program repair in the era of large pre-trained language models","author":"Xia","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b95","series-title":"Proceedings of the 45th International Conference on Software Engineering","first-page":"1482","article-title":"Automated program repair in the era of large pre-trained language models","author":"Xia","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, C.S., Zhang, L., 2022. Less training, more repairing please: revisiting automated program repair via zero-shot learning. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. pp. 959\u2013971.","DOI":"10.1145\/3540250.3549101"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b97","series-title":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. ESEC\/FSE 2022","first-page":"959","article-title":"Revisiting automated program repair via zero-shot learning","author":"Xia","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b98","first-page":"50528","article-title":"Swe-agent: Agent-computer interfaces enable automated software engineering","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b99","series-title":"MORepair: Multi-objective fine-tuning for enhanced program repair with LLMs","author":"Yang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b100","series-title":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium and the 13th European Conference on Foundations of Software Engineering","first-page":"26","article-title":"How do fixes become bugs?","author":"Yin","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b101","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 24th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering","first-page":"775","article-title":"ECHO: instantaneous in situ race detection in the IDE","author":"Zhan","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888_b102","series-title":"Autocoderover: Autonomous program improvement","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Journal of Systems and Software"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0164121226001214?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0164121226001214?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T02:50:07Z","timestamp":1778727007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0164121226001214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S0164121226001214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888","relation":{},"ISSN":["0164-1212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0164-1212","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An end-to-end approach for fixing concurrency bugs via SHB-based context extractor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Systems and Software","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2026.112888","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112888"}}