{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T18:21:06Z","timestamp":1782325266292,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013142","name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZDYF2022GXJS010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2022GXJS010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013142","name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZDYF2022GXJS007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2022GXJS007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Knowledge-Based Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T03:12:39Z","timestamp":1773457959000},"page":"115752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A semantic security and controllability framework for DIKWP artificial consciousness oriented to external semantics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"340","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3727-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingtian","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8417-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yucong","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8527-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hien D.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0001","unstructured":"Anthropic, Sabotage evaluations for frontier models, 2024. https:\/\/www.anthropic.com\/research\/sabotage-evaluations."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0002","article-title":"Worldwide AI ethics: a review of 200 guidelines and recommendations for AI governance","volume":"4","author":"Corr\u00eaa1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Patterns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0003","unstructured":"Uniteai, What is AI capability control & why does it matter?, 2023. https:\/\/www.unite.ai\/what-is-ai-capability-control-why-does-it-matter\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0004","unstructured":"Evals, Update on ARC\u2019s recent eval efforts, 2023. https:\/\/evals.alignment.org\/blog\/2023-03-18-update-on-recent-evals\/."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3770749","article-title":"AI alignment: a contemporary survey","volume":"58","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0006","series-title":"Workshops at the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","article-title":"Corrigibility","author":"Soares","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0007","series-title":"Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI\u201917)","first-page":"220","article-title":"The off-switch game","author":"Hadfield-Menell","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0008","series-title":"The Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Thirty-Sixth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Fourteenth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AAAI\u201924\/IAAI\u201924\/EAAI\u201924)","first-page":"17808","article-title":"Benchmarking Large Language Models on Controllable Generation under Diversified Instructions","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0009","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue","first-page":"216","article-title":"On the controllability of large language models for dialogue interaction","author":"Wagner","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0010","series-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020","first-page":"1644","article-title":"TweetEval: unified benchmark and comparative evaluation for tweet classification","author":"Barbieri","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106288","article-title":"Investigation of out-of-distribution detection across various models and training methodologies","volume":"175","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0012","series-title":"The DIKW Model in the Age of Artificial Intelligence","author":"Peters","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0013","article-title":"A conceptual framework for supply chain digitalization using integrated systems model approach and DIKW hierarchy","volume":"10\u201311","author":"Deepu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intell. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2023.102040","article-title":"A survey of multimodal information fusion for smart healthcare: mapping the journey from data to wisdom","volume":"102","author":"Shaik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Fus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99161","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2931365","article-title":"Modeling data, information and knowledge for security protection of hybrid IoT and edge resources","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4776","DOI":"10.3390\/app14114776","article-title":"Modeling and resolving uncertainty in DIKWP model","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3617680","article-title":"A survey of controllable text generation using transformer-based pre-trained language models","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0018","series-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining","first-page":"2450","article-title":"Controllable generation from pre-trained language models via inverse prompting","author":"Zou","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0019","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Evaluation, and Metrics (GEM)","first-page":"223","article-title":"Plug-and-play recipe generation with content planning","author":"Liu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0020","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","first-page":"781","article-title":"PAIR: Planning and iterative refinement in pre-trained transformers for long text generation","author":"Hua","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0021","series-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Prompt-based length controlled generation with multiple control types","author":"Jie","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","first-page":"8653","article-title":"Parallel refinements for lexically constrained text generation with BART","author":"He","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0023","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter","first-page":"780","article-title":"Neurologic A*esque decoding: constrained text generation with lookahead heuristics","author":"Lu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00434","article-title":"Self-diagnosis and self-debiasing: a proposal for reducing corpus-based bias in NLP","volume":"9","author":"Schick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. Assoc. Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","first-page":"2757","article-title":"From generation to judgment: opportunities and challenges of LLM-as-a-judge","author":"Li","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0026","series-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations, Virtual Meeting","article-title":"CoCon: a self-supervised approach for controlled text generation","author":"Chan","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0027","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","first-page":"1023","article-title":"A distributional lens for multi-aspect controllable text generation","author":"Gu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0028","series-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics ACL 2024","first-page":"5797","article-title":"Controlled text generation for large language model with dynamic attribute graphs","author":"Liang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0029","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","first-page":"8233","article-title":"Air-decoding: attribute distribution reconstruction for decoding-time controllable text generation","author":"Zhong","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2024.103392","article-title":"Spatial intelligence and contextual relevance in AI-driven health information retrieval","volume":"171","author":"Yiannakoulias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Geogr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30184","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in judicial adjudication: semantic biasness classification and identification in legal judgement (SBCILJ)","volume":"10","author":"Javed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.163930","article-title":"Statistically sound comparison of standardized and simulation methods for oil spill source identification in real spill scenarios","volume":"887","author":"Rocha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.06.011","article-title":"Multiple imputation of missing data under missing at random: compatible imputation models are not sufficient to avoid bias if they are mis-specified","volume":"160","author":"Curnow","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2013.08.007","article-title":"Semantic security against web application attacks","volume":"254","author":"Razzaq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0035","series-title":"The 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT)","first-page":"641","article-title":"The web as a knowledge-base for answering complex questions","volume":"1","author":"Talmor","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0036","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","first-page":"602","article-title":"UnifiedSKG: unifying and multi-tasking structured knowledge grounding with text-to-text language models","author":"Xie","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0037","article-title":"Monitoring semantic relatedness and revealing fairness and biases through trend tests","volume":"5","author":"Bourguet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag. Data Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0038","author":"Lecun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.03.002","article-title":"Data privacy protection for edge computing of smart city in a DIKW architecture","volume":"81","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.3390\/app15031103","article-title":"Bidirectional semantic communication between humans and machines based on data, information, knowledge, wisdom, and purpose artificial consciousness","volume":"15","author":"Mei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0041","unstructured":"Y. Duan, S. Huang, Infant\u2019s cognitive, semantic, and conceptual spaces in math learning by DIKWP semantic mathematics, 2024. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/384768303_Infants_Cognitive_Semantic_and_Conceptual_Spaces_in_Math_Learning_by_DIKWP_Semantic_Mathematics."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app142310865","article-title":"DIKWP-TRIZ: a revolution on traditional TRIZ towards invention for artificial consciousness","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0043","first-page":"40","article-title":"A novel approach to generate MCQs from domain ontology: considering DL semantics and open-world assumption","volume":"34","author":"Vinu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Web Semant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0044","series-title":"NAACL 2016","first-page":"506","article-title":"Breaking the closed world assumption in text classification","author":"Fei","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3994","DOI":"10.3390\/app14103994","article-title":"The DIKWP (data, information, knowledge, wisdom, purpose) revolution: a new horizon in medical dispute resolution","volume":"14","author":"Mei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."}],"container-title":["Knowledge-Based Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0950705126004843?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0950705126004843?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:00:28Z","timestamp":1778778028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0950705126004843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0950705126004843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752","relation":{},"ISSN":["0950-7051"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0950-7051","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A semantic security and controllability framework for DIKWP artificial consciousness oriented to external semantics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Knowledge-Based Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knosys.2026.115752","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115752"}}