{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:26:47Z","timestamp":1783103207842,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]],"date-time":"2020-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578096000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":702,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002879","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIHR FDN-143263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIHR FDN-143263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001805","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["28826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003151","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Nature et Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-PR-182754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-PR-182754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003151","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Nature et Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-200599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-200599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["435897-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["435897-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-11-INBS-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-INBS-0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, \"Investissements d'Avenir","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NMSS RG-1501-02840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMSS RG-1501-02840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004794","name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007587","name":"Fondation Aix-MArseille Universit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH\/NINDS R21 NS087465-01 (SAS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NINDS R21 NS087465-01 (SAS)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007587","name":"Fondation Aix-MArseille Universit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH\/NEI R01 EY023240 (SAS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH\/NEI R01 EY023240 (SAS)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007587","name":"Fondation Aix-MArseille Universit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DoD W81XWH-13-0073 (SAS)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DoD W81XWH-13-0073 (SAS)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007587","name":"Fondation Aix-MArseille Universit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP-13034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-13034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,6]],"date-time":"2017-12-06T03:21:55Z","timestamp":1512530515000},"page":"215-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Automatic spinal cord localization, robust to MRI contrasts using global curve optimization"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Charley","family":"Gros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"De Leener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan R.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Fehlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Bakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Tummala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Auclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald G.","family":"McLaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Callot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Cohen-Adad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u00ebl","family":"Sdika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014","article-title":"Speeded-up robust features (SURF)","volume":"110","author":"Bay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Vision Image Understanding"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0002","series-title":"Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision With the OpenCV Library","author":"Bradski","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-006-0052-0","article-title":"Accurate quantification methods to evaluate cervical cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"19","author":"Carbonell-Caballero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0004","article-title":"Spinal cord atrophy as a primary outcome measure in phase II trials of progressive multiple sclerosis","author":"Cawley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.07.060","article-title":"Automatic magnetic resonance spinal cord segmentation with topology constraints for variable fields of view","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.089","article-title":"Demyelination and degeneration in the injured human spinal cord detected with diffusion and magnetization transfer MRI","volume":"55","author":"Cohen-Adad","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2012.701308","article-title":"Involvement of spinal sensory pathway in ALS and specificity of cord atrophy to lower motor neuron degeneration","volume":"14","author":"Cohen-Adad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Frontotemporal Degener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0008","series-title":"2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR\u201905)","first-page":"886","article-title":"Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection","volume":"1","author":"Dalal","year":"2005"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2015.2437192","article-title":"Automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and spinal canal coupled with vertebral labeling","volume":"34","author":"De Leener","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.04.051","article-title":"Robust, accurate and fast automatic segmentation of the spinal cord","volume":"98","author":"De Leener","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.009","article-title":"SCT: spinal cord toolbox, an open-source software for processing spinal cord MRI data","volume":"145","author":"De Leener","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25622","article-title":"Topologically preserving straightening of spinal cord MRI","author":"De Leener","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mag. Reson. Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-015-0507-2","article-title":"Segmentation of the human spinal cord","volume":"29","author":"De Leener","year":"2016","journal-title":"Magma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2307\/1932409","article-title":"Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species","volume":"26","author":"Dice","year":"1945","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.026","article-title":"Fully-Integrated framework for the segmentation and registration of the spinal cord white and gray matter","volume":"150","author":"Dupont","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-007-9415-6","article-title":"Morphology and morphometry of human chronic spinal cord injury using diffusion tensor imaging and fuzzy logic","volume":"36","author":"Ellingson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0017","series-title":"Distance Transforms of Sampled Functions","author":"Felzenszwalb","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E262","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000125","article-title":"Morphometrics of the entire human spinal cord and spinal canal measured from in vivo high-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"39","author":"Fradet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.4980","article-title":"Neurodegeneration in the spinal ventral horn prior to motor impairment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy","author":"Grabher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma. May"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.121","article-title":"Rapid semi-automatic segmentation of the spinal cord from magnetic resonance images: application in multiple sclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Horsfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015","article-title":"FSL","volume":"62","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0022","series-title":"Conference Proceedings: ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference","first-page":"3117","article-title":"Automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and the dural sac in lumbar MR images using gradient vector flow field","volume":"2010","author":"Koh","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0023","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"3431","article-title":"Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation","author":"Long","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5163","article-title":"Clinically feasible microstructural mri to quantify cervical spinal cord tissue injury using DTI, MT, and T2*-weighted imaging: assessment of normative data and reliability","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR. Am. J. Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5162","article-title":"A novel MRI biomarker of spinal cord white matter injury: T2*-weighted white matter to gray matter signal intensity ratio","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR. Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0026","series-title":"Mathematical Morphology and Its Applications to Image and Signal Processing","first-page":"331","article-title":"A general algorithm for computing distance transforms in linear time","volume":"18","author":"Meijster","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0545-z","article-title":"Preferential spinal central gray matter involvement in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"255","author":"Nakamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118576","article-title":"Age, gender and normalization covariates for spinal cord gray matter and total cross-sectional areas at cervical and thoracic levels: a 2D phase sensitive inversion recovery imaging study","volume":"10","author":"Papinutto","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0029","series-title":"Recent Advances in Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging","first-page":"107","article-title":"Automatic segmentation of the spinal cord using continuous max flow with cross-sectional similarity prior and tubularity features","volume":"20","author":"Pezold","year":"2015"},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0030","article-title":"Spinal cord grey matter segmentation challenge","volume":"152","author":"Prados","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"October","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0031","article-title":"Fully automated grey and white matter spinal cord segmentation","volume":"6","author":"Prados","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0032","series-title":"Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2015","article-title":"U-Net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2008.01.038","article-title":"Spatial normalization, bulk motion correction and coregistration for functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human cervical spinal cord and brainstem","volume":"26","author":"Stroman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mag. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.124","article-title":"The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: methods","volume":"84","author":"Stroman","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26354","article-title":"A 24-channel shim array for the human spinal cord: design, evaluation, and application","volume":"76","author":"Topfer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0036","series-title":"Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of ISMRM","article-title":"Slice-wise rst-order shimming of the human spinal cord at 7T","author":"Vannesjo","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.11.001","article-title":"Fully automated segmentation of the cervical cord from T1-weighted MRI using propseg: application to multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Yiannakas","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage. Clin."}],"container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S136184151730186X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S136184151730186X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T18:36:37Z","timestamp":1761244597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S136184151730186X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S136184151730186X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1361-8415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1361-8415","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Automatic spinal cord localization, robust to MRI contrasts using global curve optimization","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Image Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2017.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}