{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:57:53Z","timestamp":1772103473089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T23:49:09Z","timestamp":1622504949000},"page":"102115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation and comparison of accurate automated spinal curvature estimation algorithms with spinal anterior-posterior X-Ray images: The AASCE2019 challenge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Liansheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hong-Yu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kailin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dalong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Dubost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Collery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bidur","family":"Khanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bishesh","family":"Khanal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shangliang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Upasana","family":"Upadhyay Bharadwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhusi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shuxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5184-3230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0001","series-title":"International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","first-page":"691","article-title":"Convolutional neural network and in-painting techniques for the automatic assessment of scoliotic spine surgery from biplanar radiographs","author":"Aubert","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0002","series-title":"Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis","first-page":"27","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: natural history","author":"Barton","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0003","series-title":"ERS Handbook: Self-Assessment in Respiratory Medicine","author":"Bloch","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124596","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2938402","article-title":"An automated and accurate spine curve analysis system","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"1","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0006","first-page":"261","article-title":"Outline for the study of scoliosis","volume":"5","author":"Cobb","year":"1948","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect AAOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0007","series-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Unsupervised domain adaptation by backpropagation","author":"Ganin","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0008","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"2961","article-title":"Mask R-CNN","author":"He","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0009","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"770","article-title":"Deep residual learning for image recognition","author":"He","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6357171","article-title":"Cobb angle measurement of spine from x-ray images using convolutional neural network","volume":"2019","author":"Horng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0011","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"4700","article-title":"Densely connected convolutional networks","author":"Huang","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0012","first-page":"351","article-title":"The third dimension of scoliosis: the forgotten axial plane","volume":"105","author":"Ill\u00e9s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthopaed. Traumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0013","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"448","article-title":"Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift","author":"Ioffe","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0014","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"590","article-title":"Chexpert: A large chest radiograph dataset with uncertainty labels and expert comparison","volume":"Vol.\u00a033","author":"Irvin","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0015","series-title":"Anatomy & Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function","volume":"5","author":"Kenneth","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0016","series-title":"The Complete Scoliosis Surgery Handbook for Patients: an In-depth and Unbiased Look Into what to Expect Before and During Scoliosis Surgery","author":"Lau","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0017","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"2980","article-title":"Focal loss for dense object detection","author":"Lin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0018","series-title":"Radiographic Measurement Manual. Spinal Deformity Study Group","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0019","series-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","first-page":"91","article-title":"Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks","author":"Ren","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0020","series-title":"International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0021","series-title":"International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging","first-page":"529","article-title":"Direct estimation of spinal cobb angles by structured multi-output regression","author":"Sun","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"5693","article-title":"Deep high-resolution representation learning for human pose estimation","author":"Sun","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0023","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"6105","article-title":"Efficientnet: rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","author":"Tan","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2019.101542","article-title":"Accurate automated cobb angles estimation using multi-view extrapolation net","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)","first-page":"466","article-title":"Simple baselines for human pose estimation and tracking","author":"Xiao","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0026","unstructured":"Zeiler, M. D., 2012. Adadelta: an adaptive learning rate method. arXiv:1212.5701."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0027","series-title":"International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","first-page":"775","article-title":"An automated cobb angle estimation method using convolutional neural network with area limitation","author":"Zhang","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115_bib0028","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"2881","article-title":"Pyramid scene parsing network","author":"Zhao","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1361841521001614?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1361841521001614?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T18:43:13Z","timestamp":1761244993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1361841521001614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S1361841521001614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115","relation":{},"ISSN":["1361-8415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1361-8415","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation and comparison of accurate automated spinal curvature estimation algorithms with spinal anterior-posterior X-Ray images: The AASCE2019 challenge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Image Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2021.102115","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102115"}}