{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:33:11Z","timestamp":1774974791042,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS089659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS089659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS064033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS064033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:26:30Z","timestamp":1769732790000},"page":"103969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["ESM-AnatTractNet: Advanced deep learning model of true positive eloquent white matter tractography to improve preoperative evaluation of pediatric epilepsy surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1932-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0364-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bohan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4165-8637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumyanil","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7814-697X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Uda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0636-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Ho","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5067-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csaba","family":"Juh\u00e1sz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8391-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eishi","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8133-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Won","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.02.085","article-title":"Towards a comprehensive framework for movement and distortion correction of diffusion MR images: within volume movement","volume":"152","author":"Andersson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.06.058","article-title":"Incorporating outlier detection and replacement into a non-parametric framework for movement and distortion correction of diffusion MR images","volume":"141","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019","article-title":"An integrated approach to correction for off-resonance effects and subject movement in diffusion MR imaging","volume":"125","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp025","article-title":"Role of subdural electrocorticography in prediction of long-term seizure outcome in epilepsy surgery","volume":"132","author":"Asano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17575","article-title":"Comparing electrical stimulation functional mapping with subdural electrodes and stereoelectroencephalography","volume":"64","author":"Aungaroon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.010","article-title":"Geodesic estimation for large deformation anatomical shape averaging and interpolation","volume":"23","author":"Avants","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.10.031","article-title":"Language dysfunction in pediatric epilepsy","volume":"194","author":"Baumer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2019.04.002","article-title":"Evolution of pediatric epilepsy surgery program over 2000\u20132017: improvement of care?","volume":"23","author":"Belohlavkova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.11.007","article-title":"Language and social functioning in children and adolescents with epilepsy","volume":"31","author":"Byars","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20319","article-title":"Perisylvian language networks of the human brain","volume":"57","author":"Catani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120086","article-title":"Deep fiber clustering: anatomically informed fiber clustering with self-supervised deep learning for fast and effective tractography parcellation","volume":"273","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.10.001","article-title":"Cortical language areas and plasticity in pediatric patients with epilepsy: a review","volume":"78","author":"Chou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2285500","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of reconstruction methods for intra-voxel fiber recovery from diffusion MRI","volume":"33","author":"Daducci","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.06.028","article-title":"Localization of neurosurgically implanted electrodes via photograph-MRI-radiograph coregistration","volume":"174","author":"Dalal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0015","series-title":"Proc. 23Rd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","first-page":"233","article-title":"The relationship between precision-recall and ROC curves","author":"Davis","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on mri scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2307\/1932409","article-title":"Measures of the amount of ecologic association between species","volume":"26","author":"Dice","year":"1945","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120288","article-title":"FIESTA: Autoencoders for accurate fiber segmentation in tractography","volume":"279","author":"Dumais","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00802-4","article-title":"The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain","volume":"25","author":"Fedorenko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. II: inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system","volume":"9","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface","volume":"8","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00175","article-title":"Quickbundles, a method for tractography simplification","volume":"6","author":"Garyfallidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.075","article-title":"Evaluating the validity of volume-based and surface-based brain image registration for developmental cognitive neuroscience studies in children 4 to 11 years of age","volume":"53","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0024","series-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Med. Image Comput. Comput.-Assist. Intervent.","first-page":"548","article-title":"FiberNET: an ensemble deep learning framework for clustering white matter fibers","author":"Gupta","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12161","article-title":"Complications of epilepsy surgery: a systematic review of focal surgical resections and invasive EEG monitoring","volume":"54","author":"Hader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12644","article-title":"Extraoperative neurostimulation mapping: results from an international survey of epilepsy surgery programs","volume":"55","author":"Hamberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0027","first-page":"3039","article-title":"State-space models","volume":"4","author":"Hamilton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Handb. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2017.00062","article-title":"Semi-automated anatomical labeling and inter-subject warping of high-density intracranial recording electrodes in electrocorticography","volume":"11","author":"Hamilton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747","article-title":"The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve","volume":"143","author":"Hanley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2007.07.007","article-title":"Young patients with focal seizures may have the primary motor area for the hand in the postcentral gyrus","volume":"76","author":"Haseeb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0031","series-title":"Proc. IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. (CVPR)","first-page":"770","article-title":"Deep residual learning for image recognition","author":"He","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.11.FOCUS19785","article-title":"Tractography and the connectome in neurosurgical treatment of gliomas: the premise, the progress, and the potential","volume":"48","author":"Henderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/28.3-4.321","article-title":"Relations between two sets of variates","volume":"23","author":"Hotelling","year":"1936","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0034","series-title":"Proc. IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. (CVPR)","first-page":"7132","article-title":"Squeeze-and-excitation networks","author":"Hu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.07.023","article-title":"Electrical stimulation mapping in children","volume":"77","author":"Hyslop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.2.PEDS19451","article-title":"A novel effective paradigm of intraoperative electrical stimulation mapping in children","volume":"26","author":"Jahodov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Prediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14510","article-title":"Epilepsy surgery near or in eloquent cortex in children\u2013practice patterns and recommendations for minimizing and reporting deficits","volume":"59","author":"Jayakar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12863","article-title":"Localization of specific language pathways using diffusion-weighted imaging tractography for presurgical planning of children with intractable epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Jeong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101284","article-title":"Mapping the evolution of regional brain network efficiency and its association with cognitive abilities during the first twenty-eight months of life","volume":"63","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694","article-title":"On information and sufficiency","volume":"22","author":"Kullback","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Statist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0041","series-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Med. Image Comput. Comput.-Assist. Intervent.","first-page":"185","article-title":"Segmentation of whole-brain tractography: a deep learning algorithm based on 3d raw curve points","author":"Kumaralingam","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.198701","article-title":"Efficient behavior of small-world networks","volume":"87","author":"Latora","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.PEDS1994","article-title":"Novel diffusion tractography methodology using kalman filter prediction to improve preoperative benefit-risk analysis in pediatric epilepsy surgery","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg.-Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.2977531","article-title":"Novel deep learning network analysis of electrical stimulation mapping-driven diffusion MRI tractography to improve preoperative evaluation of pediatric epilepsy","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008595","article-title":"Quantitative histological validation of diffusion MRI fiber orientation distributions in the rat brain","volume":"5","author":"Leergaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547","article-title":"Descending pathways in motor control","volume":"31","author":"Lemon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.04.037","article-title":"Subdural electrodes","volume":"121","author":"Lesser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2858826","article-title":"Focal loss for dense object detection","volume":"42","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0049","unstructured":"Loshchilov, I., Hutter, F., 2017. Decoupled weight decay regularization. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1711.05101."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0050","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03160.x","article-title":"Measuring patient satisfaction following epilepsy surgery","volume":"52","author":"Macrodimitris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21543-3","article-title":"High-resolution cortical parcellation based on conserved brain landmarks for localization of multimodal data to the nearest centimeter","volume":"12","author":"McGrath","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2361040690","article-title":"Seizure disorders: functional MR imaging for diagnostic evaluation and surgical treatment-prospective study","volume":"236","author":"Medina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx051","article-title":"Three- and four-dimensional mapping of speech and language in patients with epilepsy","volume":"140","author":"Nakai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.09.015","article-title":"Nocturnal epileptiform EEG discharges, nocturnal epileptic seizures, and language impairments in children: review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Overvliet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-00697-x","article-title":"Tractography for surgical neuro-oncology planning: towards a gold standard","volume":"16","author":"Panesar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(94)00007-C","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia. i. the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop","volume":"20","author":"Parent","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1475-2","article-title":"A deep learning approach for automated diagnosis and multi-class classification of alzheimer\u2019s disease stages using resting-state fMRI and residual neural networks","volume":"44","author":"Ramzan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2514\/3.3166","article-title":"Maximum likelihood estimates of linear dynamic systems","volume":"3","author":"Rauch","year":"1965","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03329.x","article-title":"Presurgical language mapping in children with epilepsy: clinical usefulness of functional magnetic resonance imaging for the planning of cortical stimulation","volume":"53","author":"de Ribaupierre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0061","series-title":"Information retrieval","author":"van Rijsbergen","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000440","article-title":"Electrical stimulation mapping of the brain: basic principles and emerging alternatives","volume":"35","author":"Ritaccio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","article-title":"Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations","volume":"52","author":"Rubinov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42091-y","article-title":"Developmental atlas of phase-amplitude coupling between physiologic high-frequency oscillations and slow waves","volume":"14","author":"Sakakura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119342","article-title":"Developmental organization of neural dynamics supporting auditory perception","volume":"258","author":"Sakakura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18035","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805234105","article-title":"Ventral and dorsal pathways for language","volume":"105","author":"Saur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236418","article-title":"Distortion correction of diffusion weighted MRI without reverse phase-encoding scans or field-maps","volume":"15","author":"Schilling","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.046","article-title":"Histological validation of diffusion MRI fiber orientation distributions and dispersion","volume":"165","author":"Schilling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-025-04833-z","article-title":"Open multi-center intracranial electroencephalography dataset with task probing conscious visual perception","volume":"12","author":"Seedat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Data."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0070","series-title":"Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals, fourth edition","author":"Semel","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.2.JNS151592","article-title":"Words are not enough: nonword repetition as an indicator of arcuate fasciculus integrity during brain tumor resection","volume":"126","author":"Sierpowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.005","article-title":"Anatomically-constrained tractography: improved diffusion MRI streamlines tractography through effective use of anatomical information","volume":"62","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000435","article-title":"A guide for cortical electrical stimulation mapping","volume":"35","author":"So","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0009-6","article-title":"Integrated analysis of anatomical and electrophysiological human intracranial data","volume":"13","author":"Stolk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0075","series-title":"Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med.","first-page":"1670","article-title":"Improved probabilistic streamlines tractography by 2nd order integration over fibre orientation distributions","author":"Tournier","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr291","article-title":"Parcellations and hemispheric asymmetries of human cerebral cortex analyzed on surface-based atlases","volume":"22","author":"Van Essen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0078","article-title":"Risk factors for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.30002.x","article-title":"Digital photography and 3d MRI\u2013based multimodal imaging for individualized planning of resective neocortical epilepsy surgery","volume":"43","author":"Wellmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008966","article-title":"Seizure outcome of pediatric epilepsy surgery: systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"94","author":"Widjaja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.4220282.x","article-title":"ILAE Commission report. proposal for a new classification of outcome with respect to epileptic seizures following epilepsy surgery","volume":"42","author":"Wieser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12179","article-title":"Predicting pharmacoresistance in pediatric epilepsy","volume":"54","author":"Wirrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107603","article-title":"Assessing risk: characterizing language performance in pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy pre- and post-surgical resection","volume":"115","author":"Wozniak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0084","unstructured":"Xie, J., Girshick, R., Farhadi, A., 2016. Unsupervised deep embedding for clustering analysis. International conference on machine learning, PMLR. 478\u2013487."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2902073","article-title":"Objective detection of eloquent axonal pathways to minimize postoperative deficits in pediatric epilepsy surgery using diffusion tractography and convolutional neural networks","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0086","series-title":"Proc. 32Nd Int. Conf. Mach. Learn.","first-page":"2048","article-title":"Show, attend and tell: neural image caption generation with visual attention","author":"Xu","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5214","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418503111","article-title":"The vertical occipital fasciculus: a century of controversy resolved by in vivo measurements","volume":"111","author":"Yeatman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117329","article-title":"Shape analysis of the human association pathways","volume":"223","author":"Yeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.027","article-title":"Prediction of postoperative deficits using an improved diffusion-weighted imaging maximum a posteriori probability analysis in pediatric epilepsy surgery","volume":"178","author":"Yeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20767","article-title":"The fMRI success rate of children and adolescents: typical development, epilepsy, attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders","volume":"30","author":"Yerys","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01899-9","article-title":"Morphological similarity and white matter structural mapping of new daily persistent headache: a structural connectivity and tract-specific study","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103165","article-title":"Anat-SFSeg: anatomically-guided superficial fiber segmentation with point-cloud deep learning","volume":"95","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2020.101761","article-title":"Deep white matter analysis (deepWMA): fast and consistent tractography segmentation","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424","article-title":"Segmentation of brain MR images through a hidden markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4434","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.18545","article-title":"Self-supervised data-driven approach defines pathological high-frequency oscillations in epilepsy","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2023.101155","article-title":"The effects of second-language age of acquisition on brain structural networks: a DTI study of high-proficient bilinguals","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurolinguist."}],"container-title":["Medical Image Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1361841526000381?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1361841526000381?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:48:20Z","timestamp":1774968500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1361841526000381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S1361841526000381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969","relation":{},"ISSN":["1361-8415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1361-8415","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"ESM-AnatTractNet: Advanced deep learning model of true positive eloquent white matter tractography to improve preoperative evaluation of pediatric epilepsy surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Medical Image Analysis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2026.103969","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103969"}}