{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:20:14Z","timestamp":1783606814747,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62431016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62431016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62525113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62525113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003395","name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24CGA11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CGA11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003024","name":"Shanghai Education Development Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015796","name":"Shanghai Lingjun Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microelectronics Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:01:48Z","timestamp":1779897708000},"page":"107287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An energy-efficient 128\u202fGb\/s PAM-4 wireline transmitter with a passive 4:1 MUX in 22\u202fnm CMOS"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuekang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib1","series-title":"2025 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"138","article-title":"A 2.2pJ\/b 212.5Gb\/s PAM-4 transceiver with >46dB reach in 5nm FinFET","author":"Mostafa","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib2","series-title":"2025 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, CICC","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 100Gb\/s transmitter with digital pre-distortion and MUX-merged voltage-mode driver achieving 3-Times INLPP improvement in 28nm CMOS","author":"Han","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2025.106863","article-title":"A design of 96 GS\/s 7-bit DAC for high-speed wireline transmitter in 28-nm CMOS","volume":"166","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2024.3456672","article-title":"A 0.92-pJ\/b PAM-4 and 0.61-pJ\/b PAM-6 224-Gb\/s DAC-based transmitter in 3-nm FinFET","volume":"60","author":"Cusmai","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3109562","article-title":"An output bandwidth optimized 200-Gb\/s PAM-4 100-Gb\/s NRZ transmitter with 5-tap FFE in 28-nm CMOS","volume":"57","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3108969","article-title":"A 224-Gb\/s DAC-based PAM-4 quarter-rate transmitter with 8-tap FFE in 10-nm FinFET","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2022.3150251","article-title":"112G+7-bit DAC-based transmitter in 7-nm FinFET with PAM4\/6\/8 modulation","volume":"5","author":"Chong","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2022.3228632","article-title":"A 72-GS\/s, 8-bit DAC-based wireline transmitter in 4-nm FinFET CMOS for 200+ Gb\/s serial links","volume":"58","author":"Dickson","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 128-Gb\/s PAM-4 transmitter with edge-boosting pulse generator and preemphasis asymmetric fractional-spaced FFE in 28-nm CMOS","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib10","series-title":"2020 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"118","article-title":"A 460mW 112Gb\/s DSP-Based transceiver with 38dB loss compensation for next-generation data centers in 7nm FinFET technology","author":"Ali","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib11","series-title":"2021 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"132","article-title":"A 116Gb\/s DSP-based wireline transceiver in 7nm CMOS achieving 6pJ\/b at 45dB loss in PAM-4\/Duo-PAM-4 and 52dB in PAM-2","author":"LaCroix","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib15","series-title":"2021 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"138","article-title":"A 112Gb\/s ADC-DSP-Based PAM-4 transceiver for long-reach applications with >40dB channel loss in 7nm FinFET","author":"Mishra","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib12","series-title":"2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"5","article-title":"A 4.63pJ\/b 112Gb\/s DSP-based PAM-4 transceiver for a large-scale switch in 5nm FinFET","author":"Park","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib13","series-title":"2024 IEEE European Solid-State Electronics Research Conference, ESSERC, IEEE, Bruges, Belgium","first-page":"197","article-title":"A 128Gb\/s hybrid DAC-based PAM-4 transmitter with constant 1.2Vppd output swing over PVT in 8nm FinFET","author":"Choi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib14","series-title":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits, VLSI","first-page":"34","article-title":"A 200Gb\/s PAM-4 transmitter with hybrid sub-sampling PLL in 28nm CMOS technology","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib16","series-title":"2022 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"116","article-title":"A 112.5Gb\/s ADC-DSP-Based PAM-4 long-reach transceiver with >50dB channel loss in 5nm FinFET","author":"Guo","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2025.106956","article-title":"A 70-Gb\/s PAM-4 wireline transmitter with dynamic-bias-based pre-emphasis in 28-nm CMOS","volume":"168","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib22","series-title":"2021 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"130","article-title":"An 8b DAC-based SST TX using metal gate resistors with 1.4pJ\/b efficiency at 112Gb\/s PAM-4 and 8-Tap FFE in 7nm CMOS","author":"Kossel","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2019.2939081","article-title":"A 128-Gb\/s 1.3-pJ\/b PAM-4 transmitter with reconfigurable 3-Tap FFE in 14-nm CMOS","volume":"55","author":"Toprak-Deniz","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2025.106930","article-title":"A high-speed PAM4 transmitter with T-coil peaking in 65 nm CMOS technology","volume":"167","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib19","series-title":"2008 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits, VLSI","first-page":"128","article-title":"A 16-Gb\/s differential I\/O cell with 380fs RJ in an emulated 40nm DRAM process","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib21","series-title":"2020 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"116","article-title":"A 112Gb\/s PAM-4 long-reach wireline transceiver using a 36-Way time-interleaved SAR-ADC and inverter-based RX analog front-end in 7nm FinFET","author":"Im","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287_bib23","series-title":"2023 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, ISSCC","first-page":"120","article-title":"A 128Gb\/s PAM-4 transmitter with programmable-width pulse generator and pattern-dependent pre-emphasis in 28nm CMOS","author":"Sheng","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Microelectronics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879239126002432?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879239126002432?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:42:42Z","timestamp":1783604562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1879239126002432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S1879239126002432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-2391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-2391","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An energy-efficient 128\u202fGb\/s PAM-4 wireline transmitter with a passive 4:1 MUX in 22\u202fnm CMOS","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microelectronics Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107287","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107287"}}