{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:21:06Z","timestamp":1783606866337,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019956","name":"NNFC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002462","name":"Chungnam National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010418","name":"Institute for Information Communication Technology Planning and Evaluation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microelectronics Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T14:39:38Z","timestamp":1782052778000},"page":"107335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A three-phase auto-zero stabilized multipath operational amplifier with switched-biasing noise reduction technique"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Hajun","family":"Bin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihyang","family":"Wi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mookyoung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gibae","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manhyuck","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhyeok","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inju","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dahyun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euiyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5348-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoungho","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2024.3369142","article-title":"Programmable readout with integrated bandgap reference potentiostat for glucose sensing","volume":"73","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib4","series-title":"2022 IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC)","first-page":"66","article-title":"A \u00b125A versatile shunt-based current sensor with 10kHz bandwidth and \u00b10.25% gain error from -40\u00b0C to 85\u00b0C using 2-current calibration","author":"Tang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2024.3373373","article-title":"Low noise equivalent power InAs avalanche photodiodes for infrared few-photon detection","volume":"71","author":"Blain","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib3","series-title":"2023 IEEE Biomed. Circuits Syst. Conf. (Biocas)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 7.5G\u03a9-input-impedance 109dB-total-CMRR and 80VPP-CMI-tolerance instrumentation amplifier for dry-contact two-electrode ECG monitoring","author":"Qu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/54.970422","article-title":"A mixed-signal design roadmap","volume":"18","author":"Brederlow","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Des. Test Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1109\/5.542410","article-title":"Circuit techniques for reducing the effects of op-amp imperfections: autozeroing, correlated double sampling, and chopper stabilization","volume":"84","author":"Enz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib7","series-title":"Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers and Read-Out Integrated Circuits, Analog Circuits and Signal Processing","first-page":"137","article-title":"Read-out integrated circuits","author":"Wu","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.1976.1050690","article-title":"Noise in buried channel charge-coupled devices","volume":"11","author":"Brodersen","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib9","series-title":"2003 IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Rec","first-page":"6","article-title":"Auto-zero stabilized CMOS amplifiers for very low voltage or current offset","author":"Dzahini","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1109\/4.284713","article-title":"An automatic offset compensation scheme with ping-pong control for CMOS operational amplifiers","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2010.2060253","article-title":"A 140 dB-CMRR current-feedback instrumentation amplifier employing ping-pong auto-zeroing and chopping","volume":"45","author":"Pertijs","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2025.3576393","article-title":"A 45-V auto-zero-stabilized chopper instrumentation amplifier with 1.8-\u03bcV offset, 33.5-\u03bcV ripple, and 42-V common-mode input range","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1109\/4.890300","article-title":"A CMOS nested-chopper instrumentation amplifier with 100-nV offset","volume":"35","author":"Bakker","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1587\/transele.2019CTI0001","article-title":"Techniques of reducing switching artifacts in chopper amplifiers","author":"Kusuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEICE Trans."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2009.2032710","article-title":"A chopper current-feedback instrumentation amplifier with a 1 mHz 1\/f noise corner and an AC-coupled ripple reduction loop","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib16","series-title":"2022 IEEE Custom Integr. Circuits Conf","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 1.8G\u03a9-input-impedance 0.15\u03bcV-input-referred-ripple chopper amplifier with local positive feedback and SAR-assisted ripple reduction","author":"Qu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2006.884195","article-title":"A micropower chopper-stabilized operational amplifier using a SC notch filter with synchronous integration inside the continuous-time signal path","volume":"41","author":"Burt","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/LSSC.2023.3235115","article-title":"A 0.24-\u03bcV-input-ripple 8-\u03bcV-input-offset 10-MHz chopper operational amplifier employing MOS-DAC-based offset calibration","volume":"6","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib19","first-page":"2759","article-title":"A 79.2-\u03bcW 19.5-kHz-BW 94.8-dB-SNDR fully dynamic DT \u0394\u03a3 ADC using CLS-assisted FIA with sampling noise cancellation","volume":"70","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2024.3382007","article-title":"A partially feedback NSSAR embedded third-order delta\u2013sigma modulator with gain-boosted two-stage FIAs","volume":"59","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib21","first-page":"373","article-title":"A 1-kHz BW 106-dB SNDR DT zoom ADC","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1109\/4.848208","article-title":"Reducing MOSFET 1\/f noise and power consumption by switched biasing","volume":"35","author":"Klumperink","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib23","first-page":"929","article-title":"Analysis of low-frequency noise in switched MOSFET circuits: revisited and clarified","volume":"62","author":"Mahmutoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1109\/16.47770","article-title":"A unified model for the flicker noise in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors","volume":"37","author":"Hung","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2006.891714","article-title":"Low-frequency noise phenomena in switched MOSFETs","volume":"42","author":"van der Wel","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2024.3388569","article-title":"High precision ping-pong auto-zeroed lock-in fluorescence photometry sensor","volume":"18","author":"Lazarjan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2007.897144","article-title":"A complementary switched MOSFET architecture for the 1\/f noise reduction in linear analog CMOS ICs","volume":"42","author":"Koh","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib28","first-page":"194","article-title":"Bulk switching instrumentation amplifier for a high-impedance source in neural signal recording","volume":"62","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1109\/4.535417","article-title":"A rail-to-rail ping-pong op-amp","volume":"31","author":"Opris","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib30","first-page":"1932","article-title":"A low-offset operational amplifier using multipath ping-pong current adjusting auto-zeroing stabilization technique","volume":"72","author":"Son","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2011.2175269","article-title":"A 21 nV\/\u221aHz chopper-stabilized multi-path current-feedback instrumentation amplifier with 2 \u03bcV offset","volume":"47","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1109\/16.333812","article-title":"Flicker noise in CMOS transistors from subthreshold to strong inversion at various temperatures","volume":"41","author":"Chang","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib33","series-title":"32nd Eur. Solid-State Device Res. Conf. (ESSDERC)","first-page":"83","article-title":"Constant and switched bias low frequency noise in p-MOSFETs with varying gate oxide thickness","author":"Kolhatkar","year":"2002"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1109\/T-ED.1980.20063","article-title":"Electron mobility in inversion and accumulation layers on thermally oxidized silicon surfaces","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib35","first-page":"151","article-title":"Analysis of 1\/f noise in switched MOSFET circuits","volume":"48","author":"Tian","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib36","series-title":"IEDM Tech. Dig","first-page":"759","article-title":"Modeling of RTS noise in MOSFETs under steady-state and large-signal excitation","author":"Kolhatkar","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib37","series-title":"Proc. 35th Eur. Solid-State Device Res. Conf. (ESSDERC)","first-page":"333","article-title":"A physics-based low frequency noise model for MOSFETs under periodic large signal excitation","author":"Brederlow","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib38","series-title":"Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers","author":"Witte","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1109\/4.848211","article-title":"A 5.3-GHz programmable divider for HiPerLAN in 0.25-\u03bcm CMOS","volume":"35","author":"Krishnapura","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1109\/55.817447","article-title":"MOSFET 1\/f noise measurement under switched bias conditions","volume":"21","author":"van der Wel","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Electron Device Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1109\/4.173096","article-title":"A 100-MHz 100-dB operational amplifier with multipath nested Miller compensation structure","volume":"27","author":"Eschauzier","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib42","series-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf","first-page":"246","article-title":"A programmable 1.5 V CMOS class-AB operational amplifier with hybrid nested Miller compensation for 120 dB gain and 6 MHz UGF","author":"Eschauzier","year":"1994"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12550","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3368023","article-title":"Low-noise operational amplifier using dual-path dual-chopper fill-in technique","volume":"24","author":"Yoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1109\/4.748185","article-title":"A multistage amplifier technique with embedded frequency compensation","volume":"34","author":"Ng","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib45","series-title":"2017 24th IEEE Int. Conf. Electron., Circuits Syst. (ICECS)","first-page":"542","article-title":"An improved 2 stage opamp with rail-to-rail gain-boosted folded cascode input stage and monticelli rail-to-rail class AB output stage","author":"Kouhalvandi","year":"2017"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1109\/4.720394","article-title":"Compact low-voltage power-efficient operational amplifier cells for VLSI","volume":"33","author":"De Langen","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2021.3127462","article-title":"An auto-zero-stabilized voltage buffer with a quiet chopping scheme and constant sub-pA input current","volume":"57","author":"Rooijers","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid State Circ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MSSC.2023.3256353","article-title":"Quantifying biomedical amplifier efficiency: the noise efficiency factor","volume":"15","author":"Hall","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Mag."}],"container-title":["Microelectronics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879239126002912?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1879239126002912?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:42:14Z","timestamp":1783604534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1879239126002912"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1879239126002912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335","relation":{},"ISSN":["1879-2391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1879-2391","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A three-phase auto-zero stabilized multipath operational amplifier with switched-biasing noise reduction technique","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microelectronics Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mejo.2026.107335","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107335"}}