{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:26:32Z","timestamp":1773246392513,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nano Communication Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:39:02Z","timestamp":1767598742000},"page":"100611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimized iterative neural network-based notch fractal metasurface antenna for 5th generation midband applications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Divya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Anila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2024.3383671","article-title":"Direct-to-smartphone for 6G NTN: technical routes, challenges, and key technologies","volume":"38","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110697","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on spectrum sharing techniques for 5G\/B5G intelligent wireless networks: opportunities, challenges and future research directions","volume":"253","author":"Patil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2024.3387036","article-title":"A review of electromagnetics-based microwave circuit design optimization","volume":"25","author":"Roy","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0004","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 5th International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antenna performance prediction using machine learning algorithm","author":"Sudha","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57895","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3391945","article-title":"Advancements and challenges in scalable modular antenna arrays for 5G massive MIMO networks","volume":"12","author":"Ashraf","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39737","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3377219","article-title":"A deep learning convolutional neural network for antenna near-field prediction and surrogate modeling","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2024.117382","article-title":"Enhancing antenna performance: a comprehensive review of metamaterial utilization","volume":"304","author":"Elalaouy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng.: B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.5910","article-title":"Reconfigurable fractal antennas for future wireless applications: a comprehensive review","volume":"37","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/apxr.202400095","article-title":"Recent advances in geometric phase metasurfaces: principles and applications","volume":"4","author":"Faraz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Phys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-024-03862-7","article-title":"A detailed review of 5G MIMO and array antenna design evolution with performance enhancement for mmwave applications","volume":"31","author":"Kikan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6858","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2020.3001743","article-title":"A modified efficient KNN method for antenna optimization and design","volume":"68","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2021.3111299","article-title":"Accurate modeling of antenna structures by means of domain confinement and pyramidal deep neural networks","volume":"70","author":"Koziel","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1049\/mia2.12288","article-title":"Surrogate-based model using auto-encoder for optimising multi-band antennas","volume":"16","author":"Um","year":"2022","journal-title":"IET Microw. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2022.3216064","article-title":"Low-cost and highly accurate behavioral modeling of antenna structures by means of knowledge-based domain-constrained deep learning surrogates","volume":"71","author":"Koziel","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3486465","article-title":"An auxiliary classifier generative method for antenna design and optimization","volume":"73","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0016","article-title":"Antenna modelling based on image-model-oriented CNN exploiting LSTM, IET microwaves","volume":"19","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antennas Propag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55244","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3553913","article-title":"Microstrip patch antenna design using a four-layer feed forward artificial neural network trained by Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm","volume":"13","author":"Dhar","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2025.3532123","article-title":"A convolutional neural network based method for accurate computation of scattered fields from reconfigurable intelligent surfaces","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4011","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2025.3534987","article-title":"High-precision antenna modeling using recurrent neural networks with bidirectional LSTM layers and dimensionality reduction","volume":"73","author":"Sahu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9247","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3330661","article-title":"Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning-based task scheduling and resource sharing for O-ran-empowered multi-uav-assisted wireless sensor networks","volume":"73","author":"Betalo","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6527","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3454217","article-title":"Multi-agent DRL-based energy harvesting for freshness of data in UAV-assisted wireless sensor networks","volume":"21","author":"Betalo","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35890","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3579780","article-title":"Generative AI-driven multiagent DRL for task allocation in UAV-assisted EMPD within 6G-enabled sagin networks","volume":"12","author":"Betalo","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-09273-7","article-title":"Gorilla troops optimization-based load frequency control in PV-thermal power system","volume":"36","author":"Can","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-023-04221-5","article-title":"Puma optimizer (PO): A novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm and its application in machine learning","volume":"27","author":"Abdollahzadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cluster Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.111880","article-title":"The hiking optimization algorithm: a novel human-based metaheuristic approach","volume":"296","author":"Oladejo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-024-10178-4","article-title":"Multi-objective ant colony optimization: review","volume":"32","author":"Awadallah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-08568-z","article-title":"A modified Adam Algorithm for deep neural network optimization","volume":"35","author":"Reyad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."}],"container-title":["Nano Communication Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878778926000013?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878778926000013?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T20:57:12Z","timestamp":1773176232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878778926000013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S1878778926000013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7789"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7789","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimized iterative neural network-based notch fractal metasurface antenna for 5th generation midband applications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nano Communication Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nancom.2026.100611","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100611"}}