{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:39:43Z","timestamp":1776775183820,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T15:57:07Z","timestamp":1775145427000},"page":"133539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Minimal neuron circuits \u2014Part I: Resonators"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"683","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1621-9317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr","family":"Nabil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Nandha","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haider Abbas F.","family":"Almurib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(97)00011-7","article-title":"Networks of spiking neurons: the third generation of neural network models","volume":"10","author":"Maass","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib2","unstructured":"J. Vreeken, \u201cSpiking neural networks, an introduction,\u201d 2003."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764","article-title":"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve","volume":"117","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(99)00161-6","article-title":"Lapicque\u2019s introduction of the integrate-and-fire model neuron (1907)","volume":"50","author":"Abbott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135606","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2941772","article-title":"A Review of spiking neuromorphic hardware communication systems","volume":"7","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5037835","article-title":"Perspective: A review on memristive hardware for neuromorphic computation","volume":"124","author":"Sung","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib7","first-page":"3639","article-title":"Design of Time-Encoded Spiking Neural Networks in 7-nm CMOS Technology","volume":"70","author":"Widmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2313565","article-title":"Neurogrid: A mixed-analog-digital multichip system for large-scale neural simulations","volume":"102","author":"Benjamin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib9","article-title":"Spiking Neural Networks Hardware Implementations and Challenges","volume":"15","author":"Bouvier","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst. (JETC)"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib10","first-page":"9202","article-title":"Neuromorphic silicon neuron circuits","volume":"5","author":"Indiveri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202004659","article-title":"Emerging Memristive Artificial Synapses and Neurons for Energy-Efficient Neuromorphic Computing","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib12","first-page":"137","article-title":"Fully memristive neural networks for pattern classification with unsupervised learning","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Electron. 2018 12"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201800866","article-title":"Various Threshold Switching Devices for Integrate and Fire Neuron Applications","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Electron Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2017.2782752","article-title":"An Artificial Neuron Based on a Threshold Switching Memristor","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Electron Device Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2020.3006581","article-title":"Low-Power Artificial Neurons Based on Ag\/TiN\/HfAlOx\/Pt Threshold Switching Memristor for Neuromorphic Computing","volume":"41","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Electron Device Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib16","first-page":"114","article-title":"A scalable neuristor built with Mott memristors","volume":"12","author":"Pickett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Mater. 2013 122"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biological plausibility and stochasticity in scalable VO2 active memristor neurons","volume":"9","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun. 2018 91"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2022.3221735","article-title":"Mott Memristors and Neuronal Ion Channels: A Qualitative Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Nabil","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Minimal Neuron Circuits \u2014Part II: Integrators","author":"Nabil","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib20","article-title":"Codes for Minimal Neuron Circuits \u2014Part I: Resonators","author":"Nabil","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mendeley Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib21","series-title":"Dynamical systems in neuroscience: the geometry of excitability and bursting","author":"Izhikevich","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib22","first-page":"506","article-title":"Analysis of the equations of excitable membranes. I. Reduction of the Hodgkins-Huxley equations to a 2d order system","volume":"18","author":"Krinski\u012d","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biofizika"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/TCS.1985.1085599","article-title":"Bipolar\u2014JFET\u2014MOSFET Negative Resistance Devices","volume":"32","author":"Chua","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-9-381","article-title":"Unipolar resistive switching of ZnO-single-wire memristors","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib25","article-title":"Resistive switching characteristics and mechanisms in silicon oxide memory devices","volume":"1","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"situ imaging of the conducting filament in a silicon oxide resistive switch","volume":"2","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Rep. 2012 21"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5130758","article-title":"\u010cerenkov phonon radiation and phonon structure in electron emission, electroluminescence, and current-voltage characteristics of electroformed Al-Al2O3-Ag diodes","volume":"127","author":"Hickmott","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2013.2275178","article-title":"A compact SPICE model of unipolar memristive devices","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2004.842871","article-title":"A bio-physically inspired silicon neuron","volume":"52","author":"Farquhar","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap."},{"issue":"MAR","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib30","article-title":"A 4-fJ\/spike artificial neuron in 65 nm CMOS technology","volume":"11","author":"Sourikopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.1968.1049902","article-title":"Modeling and Simulation of Insulated-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Switching Circuits","volume":"3","author":"Shichman","year":"1968","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2007.12.037","article-title":"Compact silicon neuron circuit with spiking and bursting behaviour","volume":"21","author":"Wijekoon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2018.2837055","article-title":"Hodgkin-Huxley Neuron and FPAA Dynamics","volume":"12","author":"Natarajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib34","article-title":"Hardware spiking neurons design: Analog or digital?","author":"Joubert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Jt. Conf. Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib35","article-title":"A low-power adaptive integrate-and-fire neuron circuit","volume":"4","author":"Indiveri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. - IEEE Int. Symp Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539_bib36","first-page":"3209","article-title":"A 0.3-V Conductance-Based Silicon Neuron in 0.18 \u03bcm CMOS Process","volume":"68","author":"Akbari","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"}],"container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231226009367?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231226009367?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T11:44:36Z","timestamp":1776771876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0925231226009367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0925231226009367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-2312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-2312","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Minimal neuron circuits \u2014Part I: Resonators","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurocomputing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133539","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"133539"}}