{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:25:44Z","timestamp":1787390744064,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:38:26Z","timestamp":1778812706000},"page":"133918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimization-driven graph visualization of data clustering and classification dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"695","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2073-8956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Idriss","family":"Dagal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0005","first-page":"75","article-title":"Advances in dimensionality reduction for high-dimensional data analysis","volume":"170","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0010","first-page":"4321","article-title":"Revisiting t-SNE: Stability, scalability, and interpretability","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction","volume":"23","author":"McInnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0020","article-title":"Interpreting optimization dynamics in clustering algorithms","volume":"260","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knowl.-based Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0025","first-page":"159","article-title":"Optimization-based visual analytics: A review","volume":"23","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Vis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0030","first-page":"4501","article-title":"Deep representation learning for clustering: Progress and challenges","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0035","first-page":"789","article-title":"Graph-based visualization of classification boundaries","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pattern Analysis and Applications"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0040","first-page":"12759","article-title":"A comparative study of PCA, t-SNE, and UMAP for visualization of clustering performance","volume":"52","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimization-driven visual analytics for interpretable machine learning","volume":"13","author":"Torres","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0050","article-title":"Evolutionary algorithms for high-dimensional clustering optimization","volume":"83","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0055","first-page":"567","article-title":"Visualization of misclassification patterns in supervised learning","volume":"25","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0060","first-page":"7365","article-title":"Towards robust clustering: A visualization-based survey","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0065","first-page":"356","article-title":"Graph neural networks for interpretable clustering visualization","volume":"169","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0070","first-page":"1258","article-title":"Exploring optimization landscapes of clustering algorithms","volume":"607","author":"Bianchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0075","first-page":"43987","article-title":"Evolutionary multi-objective clustering and its visualization","volume":"11","author":"Das","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0080","first-page":"389","article-title":"Visualizing classification dynamics via optimization trajectories","volume":"113","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0085","article-title":"Enhancing transparency in machine learning through graph-based clustering visualization","volume":"198","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0090","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Adaptive optimization for interpretable clustering","volume":"65","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0095","first-page":"103","article-title":"Convergence visualization in stochastic optimization","volume":"77","author":"Fischer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Optim. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0100","first-page":"71","article-title":"Interactive visual analytics for clustering performance evaluation","volume":"6","author":"Osei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Visual Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0105","first-page":"8879","article-title":"Hybrid evolutionary optimization for clustering and its visualization","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0110","article-title":"Visualizing nonlinear decision boundaries in classification","volume":"152","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0115","article-title":"Towards transparent machine learning: Visualization as optimization","volume":"29","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Big Data Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0120","first-page":"567","article-title":"Algorithm-specific visualization of clustering dynamics","volume":"22","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0125","article-title":"Comparative optimization-driven visualization of clustering methods","volume":"126","author":"Khatri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0130","article-title":"Transparent clustering via multi-objective optimization visualization","volume":"165","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0135","first-page":"455","article-title":"Dynamic graph-based classification visualization","volume":"38","author":"Oliveira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Data Min. Knowl. Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0140","first-page":"20217","article-title":"Optimization-inspired interpretable clustering visualization","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0145","article-title":"Benchmarking visualization methods for classification dynamics","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0150","article-title":"Optimization strategies for enhanced cluster visualization","volume":"129","author":"Garcia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0155","first-page":"245","article-title":"Visualization of evolutionary algorithm convergence in clustering","volume":"16","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Swarm Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0160","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Visualizing the role of optimization in cluster separability","volume":"76","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0165","article-title":"Transparent optimization for visual analytics of classification","volume":"642","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0170","article-title":"Optimization-enhanced visualization for anomaly detection in clustering","volume":"251","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knowl.-based Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0175","first-page":"1","article-title":"Unified frameworks for clustering visualization: Optimization perspectives","volume":"55","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0180","first-page":"812","article-title":"Evolutionary optimization for interpretable classification visualization","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0185","first-page":"11834","article-title":"Multi-objective visualization of clustering algorithms","volume":"52","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0190","article-title":"Visual interpretability of classification through optimization","volume":"40","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0195","first-page":"87","article-title":"Graph optimization for transparent clustering","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Big Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0200","first-page":"115","article-title":"Optimization-based methods for improving visualization of decision boundaries","volume":"135","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0205","first-page":"1","article-title":"Visualizing clustering robustness via optimization landscapes","volume":"167","author":"Chandra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0210","first-page":"45","article-title":"Towards diagnostic tools for robust clustering visualization","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0215","first-page":"2765","article-title":"Interactive clustering and classification visualization using optimization","volume":"38","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Visual Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0220","first-page":"7393","article-title":"Graph embeddings for clustering visualization under optimization","volume":"55","author":"Rossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0225","article-title":"Enhancing transparency in classification visualization with optimization","volume":"152","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0230","article-title":"Comparative visualization of clustering separability","volume":"139","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Data Knowl. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0235","first-page":"321","article-title":"Optimization-driven approaches for visual clustering diagnostics","volume":"32","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comput. Graph. Stat."},{"issue":"2230","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0240","article-title":"Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments","volume":"380","author":"Jolliffe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0245","first-page":"365","article-title":"Linear discriminant analysis revisited: New insights and extensions","volume":"619","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0250","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Visualizing data using t-SNE","volume":"9","author":"Van der Maaten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0255","first-page":"2613","article-title":"UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction","volume":"17","author":"McInnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380211102","article-title":"Graph drawing by force-directed placement","volume":"21","author":"Fruchterman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Softw. Pract. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0265","author":"Kobourov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0270","first-page":"849","article-title":"On spectral clustering: Analysis and an algorithm","volume":"14","author":"Ng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-007-9033-z","article-title":"A tutorial on spectral clustering","volume":"17","author":"Von Luxburg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","article-title":"Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis","volume":"20","author":"Rousseeuw","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1979.4766909","article-title":"A cluster separation measure","volume":"2","author":"Davies","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-012-9328-0","article-title":"A comprehensive survey: Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and applications","volume":"42","author":"Karaboga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0295","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization for clustering: A survey and performance evaluation","volume":"118","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","article-title":"A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II","volume":"6","author":"Deb","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0305","first-page":"203","article-title":"Visual analytics for multi-objective optimization: Challenges and opportunities","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0310","first-page":"321","article-title":"Optimization-driven approaches for visual clustering diagnostics","volume":"32","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comput. Graph. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0315","author":"Xue"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.126192","article-title":"\u201cScalable sparse bipartite graph factorization for multi-view clustering","volume":"267","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2025.3543817","article-title":"\u201cScalable min\u2013max multi-view spectral clustering","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."}],"container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231226013159?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231226013159?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T08:51:00Z","timestamp":1787388660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0925231226013159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S0925231226013159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-2312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-2312","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimization-driven graph visualization of data clustering and classification dynamics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurocomputing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.133918","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"133918"}}