{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T21:13:54Z","timestamp":1783458834804,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007808","name":"Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Actividades Espaciales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T05:43:13Z","timestamp":1780897393000},"page":"134244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["CVPI-net: A complex-valued PolInSAR ground phase estimation network for DEM inversion in forested areas"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"697","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9431-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoshuai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xikai","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-008-0254-1","article-title":"Using LiDAR technology in forestry activities","volume":"151","author":"Akay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/14\/4\/001","article-title":"Synthetic aperture radar interferometry","volume":"14","author":"Bamler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-022-01793-0","article-title":"Comparison between equivalent architectures of complex-valued and real-valued neural networks - application on polarimetric SAR image segmentation","volume":"95","author":"Barrachina","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Signal Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0020","series-title":"IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation","first-page":"125","article-title":"Three-stage inversion process for polarimetric SAR interferometry","volume":"vol. 150","author":"Cloude","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Cloude, K. Papathanassiou, Sept.\/1998. Polarimetric SAR interferometry. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 36 1551\u20131565, 10.1109\/36.718859","DOI":"10.1109\/36.718859"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/36.551935","article-title":"An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR","volume":"35","author":"Cloude","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0035","author":"Dong"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0040","first-page":"37","article-title":"Accuracy of vegetation height and terrain elevation derived from ICESat\/GLAS in forested areas","volume":"31","author":"En\u00dfle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0045","article-title":"InSAR principles - guidelines for SAR interferometry processing and interpretation","volume":"19","author":"Ferretti","year":"2007","journal-title":"ESA Train. Man."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0050","series-title":"Statistical Analysis of Circular Data","author":"Fisher","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0055","series-title":"IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","first-page":"2596","article-title":"Coherence region shape extraction for vegetation parameter estimation in polarimetric SAR interferometry","author":"Flynn","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-017-1091-1","article-title":"Underlying topography extraction over forest areas from multi-baseline PolInSAR data","volume":"92","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9040363","article-title":"Underlying topography estimation over forest areas using high-resolution P-Band single-baseline PolInSAR data","volume":"9","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2018.2878357","article-title":"Underlying topography estimation over forest areas using single-baseline InSAR data","volume":"57","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0075","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.3390\/rs17101726","article-title":"Joint-pixel inversion for ground phase and forest height estimation using spaceborne polarimetric SAR interferometry","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10252","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3398009","article-title":"Polarimetric SAR interferometry forest height inversion error model: the impact of the nonideal system parameters","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2022.105743","article-title":"Complex-valued neural networks: a comprehensive survey","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Autom. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2002)052[0019:LRSFES]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"LiDAR remote sensing for ecosystem studies","volume":"52","author":"Lefsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10394","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2023.3328403","article-title":"Forest height inversion by convolutional neural networks based on l-band polinsar data without prior knowledge dependency","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20054","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2025.3594201","article-title":"PIDLF+: a novel adaptive pidlf for forestry height mapping based on single-baseline polinsar data","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0110","article-title":"Accuracy assessment of GEDI terrain elevation, canopy height, and aboveground biomass density estimates in Japanese artificial forests","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16060948","article-title":"Underlying topography estimation over forest using maximum a posteriori inversion with spaceborne polarimetric SAR interferometry","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0120","series-title":"2021 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"9992","article-title":"Swin transformer: hierarchical vision transformer using shifted windows","author":"Liu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2205157","article-title":"Cancellation of scattering mechanisms in PolInSAR: application to underlying topography estimation","volume":"51","author":"Lopez-Martinez","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2012.4467","article-title":"S-RVoG model for forest parameters inversion over underlying topography","volume":"49","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0135","first-page":"1","article-title":"A joint real- and complex-valued network for classification of POL(in)SAR images","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1029\/97RG03139","article-title":"Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the earth\u2019s surface","volume":"36","author":"Massonnet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3267185","article-title":"Complex-valued end-to-end deep network with coherency preservation for complex-valued SAR data reconstruction and classification","volume":"61","author":"Mohammadi Asiyabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0150","first-page":"205","article-title":"Evaluation of vertical accuracy of open source digital elevation model (DEM)","volume":"21","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0155","author":"Oktay"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0160","series-title":"Evaluation of polarimetric SAR decomposition methods for tropical forest analysis","author":"Sakshaug","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0165","series-title":"IGARSS 2001. Scanning the Present and Resolving the Future. Proceedings. IEEE 2001 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Cat. No.01CH37217)","first-page":"3188","article-title":"Robust inversion of vegetation structure parameters from low-frequency, polarimetric interferometric SAR","author":"Tabb","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0170","series-title":"IEEE International IEEE International IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2004. IGARSS \u201904. Proceedings. 2004","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Full maximum likelihood inversion of polinsar scattering models","author":"Tabb","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2012.713190","article-title":"Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using landsat data: opportunities and challenges","volume":"5","author":"Townshend","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Earth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0180","author":"Trabelsi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1029\/96RS01763","article-title":"Vegetation characteristics and underlying topography from interferometric radar","volume":"31","author":"Treuhaft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1029\/1999RS900108","article-title":"Vertical structure of vegetated land surfaces from interferometric and polarimetric radar","volume":"35","author":"Treuhaft","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0195","author":"Woo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2020.01.020","article-title":"Polsar image classification via a novel semi-supervised recurrent complex-valued convolution neural network","volume":"388","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-020-4348-4","article-title":"A review of underlying topography estimation over forest areas by InSAR: theory, advances, challenges and perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cent. South Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48708","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3171856","article-title":"The performance analysis of complex-valued neural network in radio signal recognition","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0215","first-page":"1","article-title":"A deep learning solution for height estimation on a forested area based on POL-tomosar data","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0220","series-title":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","first-page":"1","article-title":"A deep learning solution for height inversion on forested areas using single and dual polarimetric tomosar","volume":"vol. 20","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2014.2332553","article-title":"PolInSAR coherence region modeling and inversion: the best normal matrix approximation solution","volume":"53","author":"Cui","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.09.002","article-title":"Efficiently utilizing complex-valued PolSAR image data via a multi-task deep learning framework","volume":"157","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2022.02.008","article-title":"PolGAN: a deep-learning-based unsupervised forest height estimation based on the synergy of PolInSAR and LiDAR data","volume":"186","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi5100186","article-title":"Forest vertical parameter estimation using PolInSAR imagery based on radiometric correction","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo-inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7177","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2743222","article-title":"Complex-valued convolutional neural network and its application in polarimetric SAR image classification","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6214","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.50.006214","article-title":"Quality-guided phase unwrapping technique: comparison of quality maps and guiding strategies","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00190-023-01807-0","article-title":"High-resolution sub-canopy topography mapping via TanDEM-X DEM combined with future P-band BIOMASS PolInSAR data","volume":"97","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Geod."}],"container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231226016425?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0925231226016425?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:19:53Z","timestamp":1783455593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0925231226016425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0925231226016425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-2312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-2312","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"CVPI-net: A complex-valued PolInSAR ground phase estimation network for DEM inversion in forested areas","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurocomputing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucom.2026.134244","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"134244"}}