{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:46:58Z","timestamp":1782744418083,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neural Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T16:24:10Z","timestamp":1782318250000},"page":"109272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Aggregating global-scale pixel-wise forgery cues within a graph"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2533-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengrun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1911-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunzhi","family":"Zhuge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2538-8358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6668-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huchuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106909","article-title":"Towards generalizable face forgery detection via mitigating spurious correlation","volume":"182","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2825953","article-title":"Constrained convolutional neural networks: A new approach towards general purpose image manipulation detection","volume":"13","author":"Bayar","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Liao, X., Qian, Z., & Qin, Z.. 2025a. PRest-Net: Multi-domain probability estimation network for robust image forgery detection. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications, 21, 1\u201320.","DOI":"10.1145\/3711930"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0004","series-title":"IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology","article-title":"Flexible partial screen-shooting watermarking with provable robustness","author":"Chen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106639","article-title":"Face Omron Ring: Proactive defense against face forgery with identity awareness","volume":"180","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3180556","article-title":"MVSS-Net: Multi-view multi-scale supervised networks for image manipulation detection","volume":"45","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0007","series-title":"IEEE China summit and international conference on signal and information processing","first-page":"422","article-title":"Casia image tampering detection evaluation database","author":"Dong","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2012.2190402","article-title":"Rich models for steganalysis of digital images","volume":"7","author":"Fridrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2024.3510355","article-title":"WaveRecovery: Screen-shooting watermarking based on wavelet and recovery","volume":"35","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0010","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"20606","article-title":"TruFor: Leveraging all-round clues for trustworthy image forgery detection and localization","author":"Guillaro","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0011","series-title":"ICASSP 2024-2024 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing","first-page":"4895","article-title":"Effective image tampering localization via enhanced transformer and co-attention fusion","author":"Guo","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0012","first-page":"1024","article-title":"Inductive representation learning on large graphs","volume":"30","author":"Hamilton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8291","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-0603","article-title":"Vision GNN: An image is worth graph of nodes","volume":"35","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2025.107967","article-title":"HSFF-Net: Hierarchical spectral-feature fusion network for deepfake detection and localization","volume":"192","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0015","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"15055","article-title":"TransForensics: Image forgery localization with dense self-attention","author":"Hao","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106430","article-title":"UGEE-Net: Uncertainty-guided and edge-enhanced network for image splicing localization","volume":"178","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106636","article-title":"GazeForensics: Deepfake detection via gaze-guided spatial inconsistency learning","volume":"180","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0018","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"7132","article-title":"Squeeze-and-excitation networks","author":"Hu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0019","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Legion: Learning to ground and explain for synthetic image detection","author":"Kang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0020","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"4345","article-title":"Fusion transformer with object mask guidance for image forgery analysis","author":"Karageorgiou","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2023.01.001","article-title":"DF-UDetector: An effective method towards robust deepfake detection via feature restoration","volume":"160","author":"Ke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3169921","article-title":"Detect and locate: Exposing face manipulation by semantic-and noise-level telltales","volume":"17","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0023","series-title":"MoE-FFD: Mixture of experts for generalized and parameter-efficient face forgery detection","first-page":"82","volume":"23","author":"Kong","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0024","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Pixel-inconsistency modeling for image manipulation localization","author":"Kong","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0025","series-title":"Innovations in electrical and electronic engineering: Proceedings of ICEEE 2020","first-page":"665","article-title":"Semantic segmentation-based image inpainting detection","author":"Kumar","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0026","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","first-page":"4437","article-title":"SAFIRE: Segment any forged image region","author":"Kwon","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-022-01617-5","article-title":"Learning jpeg compression artifacts for image manipulation detection and localization","volume":"130","author":"Kwon","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0028","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"4558","article-title":"Large-scale point cloud semantic segmentation with superpoint graphs","author":"Landrieu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0029","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"8222","article-title":"Edge-aware regional message passing controller for image forgery localization","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0030","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"9267","article-title":"DeepGCNs: Can gcns go as deep as CNNs?","author":"Li","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., & Huang, J. (2019). Localization of deep inpainting using high-pass fully convolutional network. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision (pp. 8301\u20138310.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00839"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0032","series-title":"IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology","article-title":"Transformer-based image inpainting detection via label decoupling and constrained adversarial training","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10908","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3415415","article-title":"Screen-shooting resistant watermarking with grayscale deviation simulation","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0034","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"FakeBench: Probing explainable fake image detection via large multimodal models","author":"Li","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2022.11.031","article-title":"Depth map guided triplet network for deepfake face detection","volume":"159","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0036","series-title":"Revisiting DIRE: Towards universal AI-generated image detection","volume":"193","author":"Lin","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2023.01.018","article-title":"DEFAEK: Domain effective fast adaptive network for face anti-spoofing","volume":"161","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0038","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"ForgeryGPT: Multimodal large language model for explainable image forgery detection and localization","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0039","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"ForgeryTTT: Zero-shot image manipulation localization with test-time training","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7505","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3189545","article-title":"PSCC-Net: Progressive spatio-channel correlation network for image manipulation detection and localization","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9050858","article-title":"A detection approach using LSTM-CNN for object removal caused by exemplar-based image inpainting","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0042","series-title":"IML-ViT: Benchmarking image manipulation localization by vision transformer","author":"Ma","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0043","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"DINOv2: Learning robust visual features without supervision","author":"Oquab","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2025.107310","article-title":"Revisiting face forgery detection towards generalization","volume":"187","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2024.106692","article-title":"Local artifacts amplification for deepfakes augmentation","volume":"180","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0046","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"ForensicsSAM: Toward robust and unified image forgery detection and localization resisting to adversarial attack","author":"Peng","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0047","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"10781","article-title":"Towards modern image manipulation localization: A large-scale dataset and novel methods","author":"Qu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0048","series-title":"Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention-MICCAI 2015: 18th international conference","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-Net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0049","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"1874","article-title":"Real-time single image and video super-resolution using an efficient sub-pixel convolutional neural network","author":"Shi","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Z., Fang, H., Cao, J., Zhao, X., & Wang, D. (2023). Rethinking image editing detection in the era of generative AI revolution. ACM Multimedia 2024.","DOI":"10.1145\/3664647.3681445"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0051","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"2364","article-title":"Objectformer for image manipulation detection and localization","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0052","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"8695","article-title":"CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot...for now","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0053","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"568","article-title":"Pyramid vision transformer: A versatile backbone for dense prediction without convolutions","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dynamic graph CNN for learning on point clouds","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","article-title":"Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0056","series-title":"IEEE international conference on image processing","first-page":"161","article-title":"Coverage-a novel database for copy-move forgery detection","author":"Wen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0057","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Rethinking image forgery detection via contrastive learning and unsupervised clustering","author":"Wu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3075039","article-title":"IID-Net: Image inpainting detection network via neural architecture search and attention","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3144878","article-title":"Robust image forgery detection against transmission over online social networks","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0060","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"9543","article-title":"Mantra-Net: Manipulation tracing network for detection and localization of image forgeries with anomalous features","author":"Wu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0061","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition","first-page":"5410","article-title":"Scene graph generation by iterative message passing","author":"Xu","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0062","unstructured":"Xu, K., Hu, W., Leskovec, J., & Jegelka, S. (2018). How powerful are graph neural networks?. arxiv:1810.00826."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0063","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"FakeShield: Explainable image forgery detection and localization via multi-modal large language models","author":"Xu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0064","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence","article-title":"Spatial temporal graph convolutional networks for skeleton-based action recognition","author":"Yan","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4131","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3046240","article-title":"Spatiotemporal trident networks: Detection and localization of object removal tampering in video passive forensics","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0066","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision","first-page":"22390","article-title":"Towards generic image manipulation detection with weakly-supervised self-consistency learning","author":"Zhai","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0067","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"mixup: Beyond empirical risk minimization","author":"Zhang","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0068","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Propose and rectify: A forensics-driven mllm framework for image manipulation localization","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.08.033","article-title":"Image inpainting based on deep learning: A review","volume":"90","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1109\/TBDATA.2022.3225194","article-title":"Localization of inpainting forgery with feature enhancement network","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Big Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3220630","article-title":"CNN-transformer based generative adversarial network for copy-move source\/target distinguishment","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4828","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3123829","article-title":"Multi-task se-network for image splicing localization","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0073","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Learning universal features for generalizable image forgery localization","author":"Zhao","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-022-02620-0","article-title":"A transformer-CNN for deep image inpainting forensics","volume":"39","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Visual Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272_bib0075","first-page":"90","article-title":"A deep learning approach to patch-based image inpainting forensics","volume":"67","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Signal Processing: Image Communication"}],"container-title":["Neural Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089360802600732X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089360802600732X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:25:34Z","timestamp":1782743134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089360802600732X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S089360802600732X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-6080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-6080","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Aggregating global-scale pixel-wise forgery cues within a graph","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neural Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neunet.2026.109272","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109272"}}