{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T02:18:20Z","timestamp":1769393900067,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)"},{"name":"Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust"},{"name":"NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholarship program"},{"name":"NIH MD\/PhD Partnership program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,19]],"date-time":"2011-11-19T08:48:45Z","timestamp":1321692525000},"page":"3889-3900","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["The discovery of population differences in network community structure: New methods and applications to brain functional networks in schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Aaron","family":"Alexander-Bloch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Lambiotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Giedd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Gogtay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ed","family":"Bullmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00147","article-title":"Disrupted modularity and local connectivity of brain functional networks in childhood-onset schizophrenia","volume":"4","author":"Alexander-Bloch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Sys. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9239","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1929-08.2008","article-title":"Hierarchical organization of human cortical networks in health and schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Bassett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903641106","article-title":"Cognitive fitness of cost-efficient brain functional networks","volume":"106","author":"Bassett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000748","article-title":"Efficient physical embedding of topologically complex information processing networks in brains and computer circuits","volume":"6","author":"Bassett","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.044","article-title":"Identification of large-scale networks in the brain using fMRI","volume":"29","author":"Bellec","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.082","article-title":"Multi-level bootstrap analysis of stable clusters in resting-state fMRI","volume":"51","author":"Bellec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1174","article-title":"The feasibility of a common stereotactic space for children and adults in fMRI studies of development","volume":"17","author":"Burgund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0320","first-page":"75","article-title":"Linear assignment problems and extensions","author":"Burkard","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-218X(95)00031-L","article-title":"Three-dimensional axial assignment problems with decomposable cost coefficients","volume":"65","author":"Burkard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Discrete Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171022","article-title":"Revisiting the foundations of network analysis","volume":"325","author":"Butts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1048","article-title":"A method for making group inferences from functional MRI data using independent component analysis","volume":"14","author":"Calhoun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.118701","article-title":"Functional modularity of background activities in normal and epileptic brain networks","volume":"104","author":"Chavez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127410026757","article-title":"Complex networks: new trends for the analysis of brain connectivity","volume":"20","author":"Chavez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn003","article-title":"Revealing modular architecture of human brain structural networks by using cortical thickness from MRI","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0080","unstructured":"Corradi-Dell'acqua, C., Tomelleri, L., Bellani, M., Rambaldelli, G., Cerini, R., Pozzi-Mucelli, R., Balestrieri, M., Tansella, M., Brambilla, P., in press. Thalamic-insular dysconnectivity in schizophrenia: evidence from structural equation modeling. Hum Brain Mapp. [Epub ahead of print]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014","article-title":"AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages","volume":"29","author":"Cox","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0090","series-title":"Multidimensional Scaling","author":"Cox","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craddock, R.C., James, G.A., Holtzheimer, P.E. III, Hu, X.P., Mayberg, H.S., in press. A whole brain fMRI atlas generated via spatially constrained spectral clustering. Hum Brain Mapp. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21333"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.8.1056","article-title":"Attenuated frontal activation during a verbal fluency task in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"155","author":"Curtis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P09008","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2005\/09\/P09008","article-title":"Comparing community structure identification","volume":"E9","author":"Danon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Stat. Mech. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/20.2.249","article-title":"Dysmodularity: a neurocognitive model for schizophrenia","volume":"20","author":"David","year":"1994","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21170","article-title":"Comparison of multi-subject ICA methods for analysis of fMRI data","volume":"32","author":"Erhardt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000381","article-title":"Functional brain networks develop from a \u201clocal to distributed\u201d organization","volume":"5","author":"Fair","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0125","first-page":"22","article-title":"Network scaling effects in graph analytic studies of human resting-state fMRI data","volume":"4","author":"Fornito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Sys. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1983.10478008","article-title":"A method for comparing two hierarchical clusterings","volume":"78","author":"Fowlkes","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380211102","article-title":"Graph drawing by force-directed placement","volume":"11","author":"Fruchterman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Softw. Pract. Exper."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1145\/357195.357200","article-title":"A distributed algorithm for minimum-weight spanning trees","volume":"5","author":"Gallager","year":"1983","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0330","first-page":"nihpa35573","article-title":"Cartography of complex networks: modules and universal roles","volume":"P02001","author":"Guimer\u00e0","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Stat. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060159","article-title":"Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex","volume":"6","author":"Hagmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5226","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005226","article-title":"Uncovering intrinsic modular organization of spontaneous brain activity in humans","volume":"4","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.032","article-title":"Shape deformation of the insula in schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Jang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)00036-6","article-title":"A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images","volume":"5","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00038-7","article-title":"Comparison of functional activation foci in children and adults using a common stereotactic space","volume":"19","author":"Kang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.11.1069","article-title":"Differences and similarities in insular and temporal pole MRI gray matter volume abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis","volume":"60","author":"Kasai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0335","series-title":"Statistical data analysis based on the L1-norm and related methods","article-title":"Clustering by means of medoids","author":"Kaufman","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00306-7","article-title":"Morphometric abnormality of the insula in schizophrenia: a comparison with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal control using MRI","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9939-1956-0078686-7","article-title":"On the shortest spanning subtree of a graph and the traveling salesman problem","volume":"7","author":"Kruskal","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Math Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0195","first-page":"1214","article-title":"Using diversity in cluster ensembles","volume":"2","author":"Kuncheva","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Man. Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn018","article-title":"Disrupted small-world networks in schizophrenia","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9477","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0333-10.2010","article-title":"Functional connectivity and brain networks in schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Lynall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.062","article-title":"Age-related changes in modular organization of human brain functional networks","volume":"44","author":"Meunier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/neuro.11.037.2009","article-title":"Hierarchical modularity in human brain functional networks","volume":"3","author":"Meunier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2010.00200","article-title":"Modular and hierarchically modular organization of brain networks","volume":"4","author":"Meunier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026113","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.026113","article-title":"Finding and evaluating community structure in networks","volume":"69","author":"Newman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0230","series-title":"Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1900.0022","article-title":"Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. VII. On the correlation of characters not quantitatively measurable","volume":"195","year":"1900","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0240","series-title":"Wavelet Methods for Time Series Analysis","author":"Percival","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1957.tb01515.x","article-title":"Shortest connection networks and some generalizations","volume":"36","author":"Prim","year":"1957","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tec. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016110","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.74.016110","article-title":"Statistical mechanics of community detection","volume":"74","author":"Reichardt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8694","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008694","article-title":"Mapping change in large networks","volume":"5","author":"Rosvall","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn251","article-title":"Auditory verbal hallucinations predominantly activate the right inferior frontal area","volume":"131","author":"Sommer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.047","article-title":"Negative edges and soft thresholding in complex network analysis of resting state functional connectivity data","volume":"55","author":"Schwarz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2011.00005","article-title":"The non-random brain: efficiency, economy, and complex dynamics","volume":"5","author":"Sporns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15915","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2874-10.2010","article-title":"Aberrant frontal and temporal complex network structure in schizophrenia: a graph theoretical analysis","volume":"30","author":"Van den Heuvel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2001.0080443","article-title":"An integrated software system for surface-based analyses of cerebral cortex","volume":"8","author":"Van Essen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0285","first-page":"2837","article-title":"Information theoretic measures for clusterings comparison: variants, properties, normalization and correction for chance","volume":"11","author":"Vinh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21976","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021976","article-title":"Graph theoretical analysis of functional brain networks: test\u2013retest evaluation on short- and long-term resting-state functional MRI data","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(78)90137-6","article-title":"On the similarity of dendrograms","volume":"73","author":"Waterman","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.07.020","article-title":"Aberrant salience network (bilateral insula and anterior cingulate cortex) connectivity during information processing in schizophrenia","volume":"123","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05947.x","article-title":"Concepts and principles in the analysis of brain networks","volume":"1224","author":"Wig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00094-2","article-title":"Mapping of grey matter changes in schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Wright","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."}],"container-title":["NeuroImage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811911013164?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811911013164?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:01:14Z","timestamp":1741935674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053811911013164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1053811911013164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.035","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}}}