{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:26:20Z","timestamp":1777886780005,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024370","name":"Ministero dell&apos;Istruzione dell&apos;Universita e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell&apos;Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20208RB4N9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20208RB4N9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021856","name":"Ministero dell&apos;Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021856","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:12:12Z","timestamp":1771488732000},"page":"121819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Functional and structural connectivity between the cerebellum and the cortical mirror neuron system: evidence from fMRI and DTI probabilistic tractography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"329","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-6369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Errante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Sicuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1899-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ciullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5728-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Piras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzio","family":"Gerbella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Fogassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz337","article-title":"Action perception recruits the cerebellum and is impaired in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia","volume":"142","author":"Abdelgabar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.06.013","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar-prefrontal and cerebellar-parietal functional connectivity","volume":"28","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00336-7","article-title":"How to correct susceptibility distortions in spin-echo echo-planar images: application to diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"20","author":"Andersson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019","article-title":"An integrated approach to correction for off-resonance effects and subject movement in diffusion MR imaging","volume":"125","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105830","article-title":"The cerebellum and the Mirror Neuron System: a matter of inhibition? From neurophysiological evidence to neuromodulatory implications. A narrative review","volume":"164","author":"Antonioni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(83)90015-2","article-title":"Distribution of cerebellar terminations and their relation to other afferent terminations in the ventral lateral thalamic region of the monkey","volume":"5","author":"Asanuma","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2921-05.2006","article-title":"Lateralization of the human mirror neuron system","volume":"26","author":"Aziz-Zadeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"226","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0008","first-page":"69","article-title":"Red nucleus structure and function: from anatomy to clinical neurosciences","volume":"1","author":"Basile","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.018","article-title":"Probabilistic diffusion tractography with multiple fibre orientations: what can we gain?","volume":"34","author":"Behrens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10609","article-title":"Characterization and propagation of uncertainty in diffusion-weighted MR imaging","volume":"50","author":"Behrens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116624","article-title":"Whole-body somatotopic maps in the cerebellum revealed with 7T fMRI","volume":"211","author":"Boillat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.017","article-title":"The macaque lateral grasping network: a neural substrate for generating purposeful hand actions","volume":"75","author":"Borra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.03.003","article-title":"Cerebellar networks with the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia","volume":"17","author":"Bostan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8452","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000496107","article-title":"The basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum","volume":"107","author":"Bostan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0002-7","article-title":"The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network","volume":"19","author":"Bostan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-010-9143-9","article-title":"The cerebellum and basal ganglia are interconnected","volume":"20","author":"Bostan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0017","first-page":"1713","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical connections of parietal and premotor nodes of the monkey hand mirror neuron network","volume":"223","author":"Bruni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0185","article-title":"Action observation treatment: a novel tool in neurorehabilitation","volume":"369","author":"Buccino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. Royal Soc. B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050902","article-title":"Parieto-frontal coding of reaching: an integrated framework","volume":"129","author":"Burnod","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48164-7","article-title":"The cortico-rubral and cerebello-rubral pathways are topographically organized within the human red nucleus","volume":"9","author":"Cacciola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.016","article-title":"The contribution of brain sub-cortical loops in the expression and acquisition of action understanding abilities","volume":"37","author":"Caligiore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0306-16.2017","article-title":"Computational architecture of the Parieto-Frontal network underlying cognitive-motor control in monkeys","volume":"4","author":"Caminiti","year":"2017","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.112","article-title":"ALE meta-analysis of action observation and imitation in the human brain","volume":"50","author":"Caspers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10306","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2023-10.2010","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals the neural substrates of arm transport and grip formation in reach-to-grasp actions in humans","volume":"30","author":"Cavina-Pratesi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.55.2.203","article-title":"Activity of dentate neurons during arm movements triggered by visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli in the monkey","volume":"55","author":"Chapman","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1116002","article-title":"Functional mapping of sensorimotor activation in the human thalamus at 9.4 tesla","volume":"17","author":"Charyasz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106484","article-title":"Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying action observation treatment for upper limb stroke rehabilitation: a mini-review","volume":"180","author":"Ciullo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh190","article-title":"Basal ganglia and cerebellar inputs to \u201cAIP","volume":"15","author":"Clower","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cer. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0028","series-title":"Visually Guided Grasping Produces fMRI Activation in Dorsal But Not Ventral Stream Brain Areas","first-page":"180","author":"Culham","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230027","article-title":"Understanding motor events: a neurophysiological study","volume":"91","author":"di Pellegrino","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2006.09.015","article-title":"Activation of cerebellar nuclei comparing finger, foot and tongue movements as revealed by fMRI","volume":"71","author":"Dimitrova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-024-00895-x","article-title":"The brain\u2019s action-mode network","volume":"26","author":"Dosenbach","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00626.2002","article-title":"An unfolded map of the cerebellar dentate nucleus and its projections to the cerebral cortex","volume":"89","author":"Dum","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.07067.x","article-title":"Neurons in primary motor cortex engaged during action observation","volume":"31","author":"Dushanova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.034","article-title":"A new SPM toolbox for combining probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps and functional imaging data","volume":"25","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121081","article-title":"Predicting imitative performance through cortico-cerebellar circuits: a multivariate and effective connectivity study","volume":"308","author":"Errante","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68928-w","article-title":"Activation of cerebellum and basal ganglia during the observation and execution of manipulative actions","volume":"10","author":"Errante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0037","first-page":"9","article-title":"Parieto-frontal mechanisms underlying observation of complex hand-object manipulation","author":"Errante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-023-00960-1","article-title":"Activation of cerebellum, Basal ganglia and thalamus during observation and execution of mouth, hand, and foot actions","volume":"36","author":"Errante","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118511","article-title":"Decoding grip type and action goal during the observation of reaching-grasping actions: a multivariate fMRI study","volume":"243","author":"Errante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.6.2608","article-title":"Motor facilitation during action observation: a magnetic stimulation study","volume":"73","author":"Fadiga","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3800-09.2010","article-title":"The dorsomedial pathway is not just for reaching: grasping neurons in the medial parieto-occipital cortex of the macaque monkey","volume":"30","author":"Fattori","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu110","article-title":"Observed, executed, and imagined action representations can be decoded from ventral and dorsal areas","volume":"25","author":"Filimon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cer. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0043","first-page":"662","article-title":"Neuroscience: parietal lobe: from action organization to intention understanding","volume":"308","author":"Fogassi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01132-0","article-title":"The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function","volume":"47","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1091","article-title":"Classical and Bayesian inference in neuroimaging: applications","volume":"16","author":"Friston","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0484","article-title":"Multisubject fMRI studies and conjunction analyses","volume":"10","author":"Friston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.013","article-title":"Conjunction revisited","volume":"25","author":"Friston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.2.593","article-title":"Action recognition in the premotor cortex","volume":"119","author":"Gallese","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1589-z","article-title":"Role of the medial parieto-occipital cortex in the control of reaching and grasping movements","volume":"153","author":"Galletti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0377-09.2009","article-title":"Is that within reach? FMRI reveals that the Human superior parieto-occipital cortex encodes objects reachable by the hand","volume":"29","author":"Gallivan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn181","article-title":"The observation and execution of actions share motor and somatosensory voxels in all tested subjects: single-subject analyses of unsmoothed fMRI data","volume":"19","author":"Gazzola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cer. Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.02.003","article-title":"The anthropomorphic brain: the mirror neuron system responds to human and robotic actions","volume":"35","author":"Gazzola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-5007-3","article-title":"The extended object-grasping network","volume":"235","author":"Gerbella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1025","article-title":"Sensorimotor mapping of the human cerebellum: fMRI evidence of somatotopic organization","volume":"13","author":"Grodd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz247","article-title":"Functional Territories of Human dentate nucleus","volume":"30","author":"Guell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cer. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.082","article-title":"Triple representation of language, working memory, social and emotion processing in the cerebellum: convergent evidence from task and seed-based resting-state fMRI analyses in a single large cohort","volume":"172","author":"Guell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-010-0775-5","article-title":"Functional connectivity of the superior human temporal sulcus in the brain resting state at 3T","volume":"53","author":"Habas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroradiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8586","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1868-09.2009","article-title":"Distinct cerebellar contributions to intrinsic connectivity networks","volume":"29","author":"Habas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.08.003","article-title":"Neural correlates of action: comparing meta-analyses of imagery, observation, and execution","volume":"94","author":"Hardwick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241474598","article-title":"Reafferent copies of imitated actions in the right superior temporal cortex","volume":"98","author":"Iacoboni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0061","first-page":"2526","article-title":"Cortical mechanisms of human imitation","volume":"286","author":"Iacoboni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2332","article-title":"Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum","volume":"9","author":"Ito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh038","article-title":"Single cell integration of animate form, motion and location in the superior temporal cortex of the macaque monkey","volume":"14","author":"Jellema","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015","article-title":"Review FSL","volume":"62","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58172-z","article-title":"The human brainstem\u2019s red nucleus was upgraded to support goal-directed action","volume":"16","author":"Krimmel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21400","article-title":"Evidence for a motor somatotopy in the cerebellar dentate nucleus\u2014an FMRI study in humans","volume":"33","author":"K\u00fcper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz011","article-title":"Anterior intraparietal area: a hub in the observed manipulative action network","volume":"29","author":"Lanzilotto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cer. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4435","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw315","article-title":"Extending the cortical grasping network: pre-supplementary motor neuron activity during vision and grasping of objects","volume":"26","author":"Lanzilotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cer. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502762102","article-title":"Distinct basal ganglia territories are engaged in early and advanced motor sequence learning","volume":"102","author":"Leh\u00e9ricy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1810890116","article-title":"Agent-based representations of objects and actions in the monkey pre-supplementary motor area","volume":"116","author":"Livi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00742","article-title":"Functional properties of parietal hand manipulation\u2013related neurons and mirror neurons responding to vision of own hand action","volume":"27","author":"Maeda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1347","article-title":"A century of cerebellar somatotopy: a debated representation","volume":"5","author":"Manni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200312020-00001","article-title":"Connecting mirror neurons and forward models","volume":"14","author":"Miall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00040-5","article-title":"Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits","volume":"31","author":"Middleton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(98)01330-7","article-title":"The cerebellum: an overview","volume":"21","author":"Middleton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00042-1","article-title":"The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs","volume":"50","author":"Mink","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.07.004","article-title":"Brain regions with mirror properties: a meta-analysis of 125 human fMRI studies","volume":"36","author":"Molenberghs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws186","article-title":"Mapping motor representations in the human cerebellum","volume":"136","author":"Mottolese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.6.2660","article-title":"Preferential activity of dentate neurons during limb movements guided by vision","volume":"70","author":"Mushiake","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3743","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4803-10.2011","article-title":"Action observation circuits in the macaque monkey cortex","volume":"31","author":"Nelissen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx037","article-title":"Decoding grasping movements from the parieto-frontal reaching circuit in the nonhuman primate","volume":"28","author":"Nelissen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cer. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1375","article-title":"Functional connectivity of the Human red nucleus in the brain resting State at 3T","volume":"30","author":"Nioche","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4348","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25551","article-title":"Motor and higher-order functions topography of the human dentate nuclei identified with tractography and clustering methods","volume":"42","author":"Palesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0861-2","article-title":"Contralateral cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways with prominent involvement of associative areas in humans in vivo","volume":"220","author":"Palesi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00647","article-title":"Grasping execution and grasping observation activity of single neurons in the macaque anterior intraparietal area","volume":"26","author":"Pani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1223-z","article-title":"Basal ganglia and cerebellar interconnectivity within the human thalamus","volume":"222","author":"Pelzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0089","author":"Penny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Statistical Parametric Mapping: The Analysis of Functional Brain Images"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.146.1.87","article-title":"Frameworks of analysis for the neural representation of animate objects and actions","volume":"146","author":"Perrett","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0091","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functional imaging of the cerebellum during action execution and observation","volume":"2","author":"Raos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj076","article-title":"Cortical connections of the inferior parietal cortical convexity of the macaque monkey","volume":"16","author":"Rozzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06395.x","article-title":"Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the macaque monkey: electrophysiological characterization of motor, sensory and mirror responses and their correlation with cytoarchitectonic areas","volume":"28","author":"Rozzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00492","article-title":"Neural coding for action execution and action observation in the prefrontal cortex and its role in the organization of socially driven behavior","volume":"11","author":"Rozzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062","article-title":"Fast robust automated brain extraction","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","article-title":"Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs346","article-title":"Structural loop between the cerebellum and the superior temporal sulcus: evidence from diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"24","author":"Sokolov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp117","article-title":"Cerebellar engagement in an action observation network","volume":"20","author":"Sokolov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cer. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.02.005","article-title":"The cerebellum: adaptive prediction for movement and cognition","author":"Sokolov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends. Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.08.039","article-title":"Functional topography in the human cerebellum: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies","volume":"44","author":"Stoodley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.021","article-title":"Thalamus Optimized Multi Atlas Segmentation (THOMAS): fast, fully automated segmentation of thalamic nuclei from structural MRI","volume":"194","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13241","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2895-07.2007","article-title":"Congruent activity during action and action observation in motor cortex","volume":"27","author":"Tkach","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.002","article-title":"Visual features of an observed agent do not modulate human brain activity during action observation","volume":"46","author":"Turella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2012.0073","article-title":"Conn: a functional connectivity toolbox for correlated and anticorrelated brain networks","volume":"2","author":"Whitfield-Gabrieli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.055","article-title":"Bayesian analysis of neuroimaging data in FSL","volume":"45","author":"Woolrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["NeuroImage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811926001369?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811926001369?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:50:17Z","timestamp":1777607417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053811926001369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["S1053811926001369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Functional and structural connectivity between the cerebellum and the cortical mirror neuron system: evidence from fMRI and DTI probabilistic tractography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121819","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121819"}}