{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T16:04:05Z","timestamp":1780934645535,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T23:17:09Z","timestamp":1776295029000},"page":"121928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Distinct neurodynamics underlie empathy for infant pain: An EEG study of temporal and oscillatory mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"333","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7502-3432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.11.024","article-title":"Repetition suppression and its contextual determinants in predictive coding","volume":"80","author":"Auksztulewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spat Vis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and cognitive control","volume":"108","author":"Botvinick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941200020X","article-title":"Dissociation between affective sharing and emotion understanding in juvenile psychopaths","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.09.020","article-title":"Expertise modulates the perception of pain in others","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw166","article-title":"The special status of sad infant faces: age and valence differences in adults\u2019 cortical face processing","volume":"12","author":"Colasante","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0009","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Meta-analysis of ERP investigations of pain empathy underlines methodological issues in ERP research","volume":"13","author":"Coll","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.01.005","article-title":"Physiological evidence of a deficit to enhance the empathic response in schizophrenia","volume":"29","author":"Corbera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-017-0517-9","article-title":"Social contexts modulate neural responses in the processing of others' pain: an event-related potential study","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.113","article-title":"Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach","volume":"44","author":"Davis","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pers Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2019.1574891","article-title":"A walk on the dark side: TMS over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) disrupts behavioral responses to infant stimuli","volume":"14","author":"De Carli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1693","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0014","article-title":"Empathy as a driver of prosocial behaviour: highly conserved neurobehavioural mechanisms across species","volume":"371","author":"Decety","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154283","article-title":"Infant cries rattle adult cognition","volume":"11","author":"Dudek","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.023","article-title":"Temporal dynamic of neural mechanisms involved in empathy for pain: an event-related brain potential study","volume":"46","author":"Fan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Method."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.04.004","article-title":"The adaptive human parental brain: implications for children's social development","volume":"38","author":"Feldman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trend. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00215","article-title":"Attention, uncertainty, and free-energy","volume":"4","author":"Feldman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2007.00602.x","article-title":"Influence of cognitive control and mismatch on the N2 component of the ERP: a review","volume":"45","author":"Folstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1456","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1622","article-title":"A theory of cortical responses","volume":"360","author":"Friston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.076","article-title":"ERP\u2014correlates of response selection in a response conflict paradigm","volume":"1189","author":"Gajewski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.1037","article-title":"Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate","volume":"15","author":"Genovese","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.11.006","article-title":"Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus-specific effects","volume":"10","author":"Grill-Spector","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00186","article-title":"Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity: gating by inhibition","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0026","first-page":"918","article-title":"Initial establishment of the same face with multi-expressions\u2019 image database for infants and adults","volume":"33","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00273","article-title":"Suppression of sensorimotor alpha power associated with pain expressed by an avatar: a preliminary EEG study","volume":"12","author":"Joyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2019.1689101","article-title":"Exposure to infant images enhances attention control in mothers","volume":"34","author":"Karreman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003","article-title":"EEG alpha oscillations: the inhibition-timing hypothesis","volume":"53","author":"Klimesch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001664","article-title":"A specific and rapid neural signature for parental instinct","volume":"3","author":"Kringelbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000928","article-title":"Adult processing of child emotional expressions: a meta-analysis of ERP studies","volume":"56","author":"Kuzava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0032","unstructured":"League of Nations. (1924). Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child. https:\/\/www.un.org\/ruleoflaw\/files\/ChildDeclaration1924.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0033","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","first-page":"13696","article-title":"Adolescents growing up amidst intractable conflict attenuate brain response to pain of outgroup","volume":"113","author":"Levy","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19810-3","article-title":"Maturation of pain empathy from child to adult shifts from single to multiple neural rhythms to support interoceptive representations","volume":"8","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166860","article-title":"Regional brain responses are biased toward infant facial expressions compared to adult facial expressions in nulliparous women","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4815","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25160","article-title":"The linkage between first-hand pain sensitivity and empathy for others' pain: attention matters","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.26599\/BSA.2019.9050022","article-title":"Differences between empathy for face and body pain: cognitive and neural responses","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0001","article-title":"Baby schema automatically enhances empathic responses to threat","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Under Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00657","article-title":"Neural correlates of response inhibition and conflict control on facial expressions","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.056","article-title":"Phase transfer entropy: a novel phase-based measure for directed connectivity in networks coupled by oscillatory interactions","volume":"85","author":"Lobier","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.12.016","article-title":"The neuroscience of empathy","volume":"19","author":"Marsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44400-2","article-title":"Top-down effects on empathy for pain in adults with autistic traits","volume":"9","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5030","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41636-w","article-title":"Frontal and parietal alpha oscillations reflect attentional modulation of cross-modal matching","volume":"9","author":"Misselhorn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S129791","article-title":"Frequency-dependent changes in sensorimotor and pain affective systems induced by empathy for pain","volume":"10","author":"Motoyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.07.113","article-title":"Event-related theta and alpha oscillations mediate empathy for pain","volume":"1234","author":"Mu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1191\/0962280203sm341ra","article-title":"Controlling the familywise error rate in functional neuroimaging: a comparative review","volume":"12","author":"Nichols","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stat Method. Med. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046362","article-title":"The power of kawaii: viewing cute images promotes a careful behavior and narrows attentional focus","volume":"7","author":"Nittono","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data","volume":"2011","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120452","article-title":"Relationship between individual differences in pain empathy and task- and resting-state EEG","volume":"284","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2013.842610","article-title":"Understanding the human parental brain: a critical role of the orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"8","author":"Parsons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.02.010","article-title":"Intuitive parenting: understanding the neural mechanisms of parents' adaptive responses to infants","volume":"15","author":"Parsons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.02.012","article-title":"Oxytocin promotes face-sensitive neural responses to infant and adult faces in mothers","volume":"91","author":"Peltola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.10.4.493","article-title":"Feeling\u201d the pain of those who are different from us: modulation of EEG in the mu\/alpha range","volume":"10","author":"Perry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.066","article-title":"Pre-target alpha power predicts the speed of cued target discrimination","volume":"189","author":"Petro","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(92)90133-3","article-title":"Event-related synchronization (ERS): an electrophysiological correlate of cortical areas at rest","volume":"83","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.06.015","article-title":"Gender and parental status affect the visual cortical response to infant facial expression","volume":"44","author":"Proverbio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.09.012","article-title":"Habituation revisited: an updated and revised description of the behavioral characteristics of habituation","volume":"92","author":"Rankin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn Mem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsu139","article-title":"Beta oscillations reveal ethnicity ingroup bias in sensorimotor resonance to pain of others","volume":"10","author":"Rie\u0107ansk\u00fd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.02.006","article-title":"Oxytocin modulates amygdala, insula, and inferior frontal gyrus responses to infant crying: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Riem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12103","article-title":"Pity or peanuts? Oxytocin induces different neural responses to the same infant crying labeled as sick or bored","volume":"17","author":"Riem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"issue":"6198","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1252723","article-title":"The biology of mammalian parenting and its effect on offspring social development","volume":"345","author":"Rilling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0061","first-page":"158","article-title":"Reliabilities and validities of chinese version of interpersonal reactivity index","volume":"18","author":"Rong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2017.08.002","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin and the neural correlates of infant face processing in non-parent women","volume":"129","author":"Rutherford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120458","article-title":"Solving large-scale MEG\/EEG source localisation and functional connectivity problems simultaneously using state-space models","volume":"285","author":"Sanchez-Bornot","year":"2024","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae272","article-title":"Empathy incites a stable prosocial decision bias","volume":"34","author":"Saulin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2025.113237","article-title":"EEG theta and alpha biomarkers during an avoid-avoid conflict task: links to anxiety","volume":"215","author":"Stocker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15924","article-title":"Measuring empathy for human and robot hand pain using electroencephalography","volume":"5","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/879716","article-title":"Brainstorm: a user-friendly application for MEG\/EEG analysis","volume":"2011","author":"Tadel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.07.011","article-title":"Habituation: a history","volume":"92","author":"Thompson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn Mem."},{"issue":"XIV","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0069","article-title":"Declaration of the rights of the child","volume":"1386","year":"1959","journal-title":"Gen. Assem. Resolut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0070","series-title":"United Nations convention On the Rights of the Child","year":"1989"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.04.020","article-title":"EEG alpha and cortical inhibition in affective attention","volume":"89","author":"Uusberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.030","article-title":"Neural processing of sensory and emotional-communicative information associated with the perception of vicarious pain","volume":"63","author":"Vachon-Presseau","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-020-00757-6","article-title":"EEG functional connectivity is a weak predictor of causal brain interactions","volume":"33","author":"Vink","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Topogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0074","article-title":"Processing children's faces in the parental brain: a meta-analysis of ERP studies","volume":"142","author":"Vuoriainen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.01.026","article-title":"Towards a neural model of infant cry perception","volume":"99","author":"Witteman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsae020","article-title":"An ERP investigation of electrocortical responses in pain empathy from childhood through adolescence into adulthood","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.11.016","article-title":"Visual category representations in the infant brain","volume":"32","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.11.062","article-title":"Gender differences in the mu rhythm during empathy for pain: an electroencephalographic study","volume":"1251","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.012","article-title":"The neural basis of responsive caregiving behaviour: investigating temporal dynamics within the parental brain","volume":"325","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav, Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-017-0120-9","article-title":"Mothers' pupillary responses to infant facial expressions","volume":"13","author":"Yrttiaho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.708107","article-title":"Rhythmic neural patterns during empathy to vicarious pain: beyond the affective-cognitive empathy dichotomy","volume":"15","author":"Zebarjadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928_bib0082","article-title":"Neural dynamics of pain expression processing: alpha-band synchronization to same-race pain but desynchronization to other-race pain","volume":"230","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"}],"container-title":["NeuroImage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811926002430?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811926002430?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T15:52:22Z","timestamp":1780933942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053811926002430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S1053811926002430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distinct neurodynamics underlie empathy for infant pain: An EEG study of temporal and oscillatory mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121928","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121928"}}