{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:17:14Z","timestamp":1783091834231,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2024203007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2024203007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62303396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62303396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62173291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62173291"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023NSFSC1558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003482","name":"Department of Education of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QN2026676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QN2026676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:15:25Z","timestamp":1778602525000},"page":"121998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sex-specific alterations in the functional hierarchy of the insula in autism spectrum disorder and their associations with molecular profiles"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"336","author":[{"given":"Le","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1400-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2346","article-title":"Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology","volume":"9","author":"Abrahams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0001","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01064-5","article-title":"A phenotypic spectrum of autism is attributable to the combined effects of rare variants, polygenic risk and sex","volume":"54","author":"Antaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.097899","article-title":"The extreme male brain revisited: gender coherence in adults with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"201","author":"Bejerot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.04.012","article-title":"Meta-analytic clustering of the insular cortex: characterizing the meta-analytic connectivity of the insula when involved in active tasks","volume":"62","author":"Cauda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102080","article-title":"Camouflaging in autism: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Cook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2555","article-title":"How do you feel-now? The anterior insula and human awareness","volume":"10","author":"Craig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7526","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13772","article-title":"Synaptic, transcriptional and chromatin genes disrupted in autism","volume":"515","author":"De Rubeis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0021","article-title":"BrainSpace: a toolbox for the analysis of macroscale gradients in neuroimaging and connectomics datasets","volume":"3","author":"de Wael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0044","first-page":"10","article-title":"BrainSpace: a toolbox for the analysis of macroscale gradients in neuroimaging and connectomics datasets","volume":"3","author":"de Wael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.10","article-title":"Enhancing studies of the connectome in autism using the autism brain imaging data exchange II","volume":"4","author":"Di Martino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.12.038","article-title":"Social stimuli interfere with cognitive control in autism","volume":"35","author":"Dichter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2024448118","article-title":"Shifting gradients of macroscale cortical organization mark the transition from childhood to adolescence","volume":"118","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S.A."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25244","article-title":"JuSpace: a tool for spatial correlation analyses of magnetic resonance imaging data with nuclear imaging derived neurotransmitter maps","volume":"42","author":"Dukart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21085","article-title":"Altered intrinsic functional connectivity of anterior and posterior insula regions in high-functioning participants with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"32","author":"Ebisch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw157","article-title":"The Human brainnetome Atlas: a new brain atlas based on connectional architecture","volume":"26","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad048","article-title":"Macroscale thalamic functional organization disturbances and underlying core cytoarchitecture in early-onset schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0874-2","article-title":"Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: a review","volume":"20","author":"Ferri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-021-00415-z","article-title":"Towards robust and replicable sex differences in the intrinsic brain function of autism","volume":"12","author":"Floris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Autism."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0062","article-title":"Sex differences in spatiotemporal consistency and effective connectivity of the precuneus in Autism spectrum disorder","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Autism. Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2025.121495","article-title":"Sex heterogeneity of inter-individual functional hierarchical organization similarity in autism spectrum disorder based on the joint embedding analysis","volume":"321","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2026.117929","article-title":"Altered spatial and temporal autocorrelations in autism spectrum disorder reflect dysregulated brain network topology","volume":"206","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chaos Solit. Fractals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2026.118167","article-title":"Sex-and age-related heterogeneity of phase-based dynamic functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"208","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chaos Solit. Fractals"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-014-9246-9","article-title":"Contributions of the insula to cognition and emotion","volume":"24","author":"Gasquoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36652","article-title":"Functional gradients of the cerebellum","volume":"7","author":"Guell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36652","article-title":"Functional gradients of the cerebellum","volume":"7","author":"Guell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24447","article-title":"Partially impaired functional connectivity states between right anterior insula and default mode network in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-022-00535-0","article-title":"Inter-individual heterogeneity of functional brain networks in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Autism."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5717","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac454","article-title":"Dysregulated dynamic time-varying triple-network segregation in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2024.110956","article-title":"Resolving heterogeneity in dynamics of synchronization stability within the salience network in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"131","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss053","article-title":"Reduced functional connectivity within and between \u2018social\u2019 resting state networks in autism spectrum conditions","volume":"8","author":"Hagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv325","article-title":"Diffusion maps for high-dimensional single-cell analysis of differentiation data","volume":"31","author":"Haghverdi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01186-3","article-title":"Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex","volume":"25","author":"Hansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08944-1","article-title":"Atypical functional connectome hierarchy in autism","volume":"10","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2017.11.002","article-title":"Large-scale gradients in Human cortical organization","volume":"22","author":"Huntenburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.037","article-title":"Getting to the cores of autism","volume":"178","author":"Iakoucheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.02.001","article-title":"A higher mutational burden in females supports a \u201cfemale protective model\u201d in neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"94","author":"Jacquemont","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.021","article-title":"A convergent functional architecture of the insula emerges across imaging modalities","volume":"61","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-2-17","article-title":"Evidence of neurodegeneration in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"2","author":"Kern","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24427","article-title":"Extreme male developmental trajectories of homotopic brain connectivity in autism","volume":"40","author":"Kozhemiako","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt216","article-title":"Biological sex affects the neurobiology of autism","volume":"136","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain: J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318807159","article-title":"Neural self-representation in autistic women and association with 'compensatory camouflaging'","volume":"23","author":"Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5107","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa105","article-title":"Sex differences in functional connectivity of the salience, default mode, and Central executive networks in youth with ASD","volume":"30","author":"Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-025-00641-9","article-title":"Atypical maturation of the functional connectome hierarchy in autism","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Autism."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3227","article-title":"Sex heterogeneity of dynamic brain activity and functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autism Res.: Off. J. Int. Soc. Autism Res."},{"issue":"7902","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04492-9","article-title":"Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals","volume":"603","author":"Marek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608282113","article-title":"Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization","volume":"113","author":"Margulies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.72129","article-title":"Standardizing workflows in imaging transcriptomics with the abagen toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Markello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102811","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences in the human autistic brains: a systematic review of 20 years of neuroimaging research","volume":"32","author":"Mo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01464-3","article-title":"Extrastriatal dopamine D2\/3 receptor binding, functional connectivity, and autism socio-communicational deficits: a PET and fMRI study","volume":"27","author":"Murayama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120956","article-title":"Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder using class imbalance adjusted functional connectivity","volume":"304","author":"Namgung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0014","first-page":"200","article-title":"The Insula: an underestimated brain area in clinical neuroscience","volume":"40","author":"Namkung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Neurol. Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.10.015","article-title":"Insular function in autism: update and future directions in neuroimaging and interventions","volume":"89","author":"Nomi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320938194","article-title":"Sex-related patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"24","author":"Olson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1058","article-title":"Cholinergic activity in autism: abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and basal forebrain","volume":"158","author":"Perry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26792","article-title":"Brain functional gradient and structure features in adolescent and adult autism spectrum disorders","volume":"45","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.036","article-title":"Large-scale exome sequencing study implicates both developmental and functional changes in the neurobiology of autism","volume":"180","author":"Satterstrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7402a1","article-title":"Prevalence and early identification of Autism spectrum disorder among children aged 4 and 8\u2009years\u2014autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 16 sites, United States, 2022","volume":"74","author":"Shaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill. Summ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26247","article-title":"Functional hierarchy of the angular gyrus and its underlying genetic architecture","volume":"44","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2012.12.001","article-title":"Neuronal connectivity as a convergent target of gene x environment interactions that confer risk for autism spectrum disorders","volume":"36","author":"Stamou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.08.055","article-title":"Characterizing the functional connectivity diversity of the insula cortex: subregions, diversity curves and behavior","volume":"183","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.06.002","article-title":"The anterior insula in autism: under-connected and under-examined","volume":"33","author":"Uddin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx249","article-title":"Adolescent tuning of association cortex in Human structural brain networks","volume":"28","author":"V\u00e1sa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26099","article-title":"Functional connectivity gradients of the insula to different cerebral systems","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0262-x","article-title":"Macroscopic gradients of synaptic excitation and inhibition in the neocortex","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10717","article-title":"Gene expression in human brain implicates sexually dimorphic pathways in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"7","author":"Werling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70562","article-title":"Sex differences in functional gradients and dynamic functional connectivity in preschool-aged children with ASD","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS. Neurosci. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.12.004","article-title":"Alterations in connectome dynamics in autism spectrum disorder: a harmonized mega-and meta-analysis study using the autism brain imaging data exchange dataset","volume":"91","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0040","first-page":"1377","article-title":"DPARSF: a MATLAB toolbox for\" pipeline\" data analysis of resting-state fMRI","volume":"4","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116960","article-title":"The thalamic functional gradient and its relationship to structural basis and cognitive relevance","volume":"218","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116960","article-title":"The thalamic functional gradient and its relationship to structural basis and cognitive relevance","volume":"218","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1635","article-title":"Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data","volume":"8","author":"Yarkoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"}],"container-title":["NeuroImage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811926003137?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1053811926003137?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:25:12Z","timestamp":1783088712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1053811926003137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S1053811926003137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8119"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8119","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex-specific alterations in the functional hierarchy of the insula in autism spectrum disorder and their associations with molecular profiles","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2026.121998","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121998"}}